Nur Azyyati Haziqah Mohamad, Hussein Taha, Pooja Shivanand, Norhayati Ahmad, Anis Nadiah Abdillah, Muhammad Azib Alias, Abdul Zul’adly Mohaimin, Sarayu Krishnamoorthy
An attempt made to isolate the mangrove endophytes from Rhizophora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, and Xylocarpus granatum has shown the presence of about 28 different strains of endophytic fungi belonging to the phyla Ascomycota. Rhizophora apiculata was found to possess highly diverse endophytic species compared to Nypa fruticans and Xylocarpus granatum. Furthermore, the leaves of the mangrove trees were found to serve as a rich source of endophytic fungal species compared to other segments studied. Moreover, it was observed that the leaf acted as a major source of endophytic fungi in Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans, whereas barks were found to have a high number of species in Xylocarpus granatum.
{"title":"Endophytic Fungal Species Isolated from Mangrove Trees Rhizophora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, and Xylocarpus granatum from Brunei Darussalam","authors":"Nur Azyyati Haziqah Mohamad, Hussein Taha, Pooja Shivanand, Norhayati Ahmad, Anis Nadiah Abdillah, Muhammad Azib Alias, Abdul Zul’adly Mohaimin, Sarayu Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.56899/152.05.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.33","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt made to isolate the mangrove endophytes from Rhizophora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, and Xylocarpus granatum has shown the presence of about 28 different strains of endophytic fungi belonging to the phyla Ascomycota. Rhizophora apiculata was found to possess highly diverse endophytic species compared to Nypa fruticans and Xylocarpus granatum. Furthermore, the leaves of the mangrove trees were found to serve as a rich source of endophytic fungal species compared to other segments studied. Moreover, it was observed that the leaf acted as a major source of endophytic fungi in Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans, whereas barks were found to have a high number of species in Xylocarpus granatum.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therese Patricka Cailipan, Alexander Paraguas, Aivhie Jhoy Cuanang, Nelvie Fatima Jane Soliven, John Gregor Roño, Francis Fontanilla, Emerson Servo, Ernelea Cao, Ian Kendrich Fontanilla, Lilian Villamor
The six species of the genus Bubalus include the lowland and mountain anoa, Asian wild buffalo, tamaraw, swamp buffalo, and riverine buffalo. Few studies were conducted on the matrilineal phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bubalus species. In addition, there is controversy regarding the identity of the two domesticated water buffaloes in the Philippines – the introduced riverine and the native swamp buffalo. Thus, this study aimed to determine the genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship of Bubalus species using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) variation and to re-evaluate the taxonomic species designation of Bubalus bubalis. A total of499 Philippine cytb sequences from this study (n = 179), as well as other Asian countries (n = 319)and Syncerus caffer (n = 1), from NCBI were included in the analysis. The highest interspecies genetic distance (d) (0.040) was between the tamaraw and lowland anoa, whereas the lowest genetic distance (0.020) was between mountain and lowland anoa. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree indicated 52 haplotypes that delineated three groups, including lowland anoa, mountain anoa, and tamaraw with two domesticated buffaloes. The latter group further separated into three species – tamaraw, riverine, and swamp buffaloes. The analyses of genetic distance,phylogeny, and median-joining network structure based on cytb confirmed that the swamp buffaloes from Occidental Mindoro and South Cotabato, Philippines belong to maternal lineage B. Karyotype analysis consistently confirms that riverine buffaloes possess 50 chromosomes, whereas swamp buffaloes have 48 chromosomes, aligning with previous findings. Moreover, the swamp and riverine buffaloes appear to be distinct species, with the swamp buffalo having a closer affinity to the tamaraw than to the riverine buffalo. We, therefore, propose to revive the species assignment of the Bubalus kerabau Fitzinger, 1860 as a distinct species to the swamp buffalo. Furthermore, a common maternal ancestry was confirmed between the tamaraw and two domesticated buffaloes – the swamp and riverine. Research findings provided valuable information on understanding and monitoring the matrilineal genetic diversity of the genus Bubalus toward conservation and management.
{"title":"Molecular Data and Karyotype Revealed Two Distinct Species of Domesticated Water Buffaloes in the Philippines","authors":"Therese Patricka Cailipan, Alexander Paraguas, Aivhie Jhoy Cuanang, Nelvie Fatima Jane Soliven, John Gregor Roño, Francis Fontanilla, Emerson Servo, Ernelea Cao, Ian Kendrich Fontanilla, Lilian Villamor","doi":"10.56899/152.05.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.27","url":null,"abstract":"The six species of the genus Bubalus include the lowland and mountain anoa, Asian wild buffalo, tamaraw, swamp buffalo, and riverine buffalo. Few studies were conducted on the matrilineal phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bubalus species. In addition, there is controversy regarding the identity of the two domesticated water buffaloes in the Philippines – the introduced riverine and the native swamp buffalo. Thus, this study aimed to determine the genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship of Bubalus species using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) variation and to re-evaluate the taxonomic species designation of Bubalus bubalis. A total of499 Philippine cytb sequences from this study (n = 179), as well as other Asian countries (n = 319)and Syncerus caffer (n = 1), from NCBI were included in the analysis. The highest interspecies genetic distance (d) (0.040) was between the tamaraw and lowland anoa, whereas the lowest genetic distance (0.020) was between mountain and lowland anoa. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree indicated 52 haplotypes that delineated three groups, including lowland anoa, mountain anoa, and tamaraw with two domesticated buffaloes. The latter group further separated into three species – tamaraw, riverine, and swamp buffaloes. The analyses of genetic distance,phylogeny, and median-joining network structure based on cytb confirmed that the swamp buffaloes from Occidental Mindoro and South Cotabato, Philippines belong to maternal lineage B. Karyotype analysis consistently confirms that riverine buffaloes possess 50 chromosomes, whereas swamp buffaloes have 48 chromosomes, aligning with previous findings. Moreover, the swamp and riverine buffaloes appear to be distinct species, with the swamp buffalo having a closer affinity to the tamaraw than to the riverine buffalo. We, therefore, propose to revive the species assignment of the Bubalus kerabau Fitzinger, 1860 as a distinct species to the swamp buffalo. Furthermore, a common maternal ancestry was confirmed between the tamaraw and two domesticated buffaloes – the swamp and riverine. Research findings provided valuable information on understanding and monitoring the matrilineal genetic diversity of the genus Bubalus toward conservation and management.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135364206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the ultimate and proximate analysis, brown coal and ceara rubber (biomass) had low calorific values of 5,349 and 3,319 kcal/kg, respectively. The ceara rubber was not included in the food ingredient because it contained chemicals such as toxic cyanide acid. This research was conducted to utilize the biomass in biobriquettes that had added value and became a more environmentally friendly energy source compared to fossil fuels. The mixing ratio of the biobriquette was determined at various particle sizes. Biobriquette preparation included crushing, drying, size reduction, sieving, mixing, molding, and testing. The produced biobriquette was cylindrical with a diameter of 3 cm and pressing pressure of 7 metric tons. Biobriquette analysis included compressive strength tests, tests of density, tests of moisture, ash, and fixed carbon content, tests of the volatile matter, and tests of calorific values. These biobriquettes were expected to increase the selling value of low-rank coal and become one alternative to more environmentally friendly solid fuel for cooking purposes. Based on the research results, the best biobriquette had a particle size of 60 mesh. The result showed that the best particle size was on the mixing ratio of 3:2, with the net calorific value reaching 4,300.8 kcal/kg.
{"title":"Utilization of Brown Coal with Ceara Rubber (Manihot glaziovii) Binder for Biobriquettes","authors":"Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Asri Gani, Teuku Maimun, Nurul Aflah","doi":"10.56899/152.05.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.29","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the ultimate and proximate analysis, brown coal and ceara rubber (biomass) had low calorific values of 5,349 and 3,319 kcal/kg, respectively. The ceara rubber was not included in the food ingredient because it contained chemicals such as toxic cyanide acid. This research was conducted to utilize the biomass in biobriquettes that had added value and became a more environmentally friendly energy source compared to fossil fuels. The mixing ratio of the biobriquette was determined at various particle sizes. Biobriquette preparation included crushing, drying, size reduction, sieving, mixing, molding, and testing. The produced biobriquette was cylindrical with a diameter of 3 cm and pressing pressure of 7 metric tons. Biobriquette analysis included compressive strength tests, tests of density, tests of moisture, ash, and fixed carbon content, tests of the volatile matter, and tests of calorific values. These biobriquettes were expected to increase the selling value of low-rank coal and become one alternative to more environmentally friendly solid fuel for cooking purposes. Based on the research results, the best biobriquette had a particle size of 60 mesh. The result showed that the best particle size was on the mixing ratio of 3:2, with the net calorific value reaching 4,300.8 kcal/kg.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kim Wilmer Balagot, Kimberly Delica, Rebecca Lapuz, Anniver Ryan Lapuz, Rowena Ramos, Emmanuel Domingo
Nanocellulose is commonly isolated from cellulosic materials by chemical methods using strong acids. In this study, the enzymatic method was explored to isolate nanocellulose from commercial bleached S 2 grade abaca pulp. It was first disintegrated for 10 min and was subjected to enzyme hydrolysis while incubated with Bacillus sp. cellulase for 72 h at 50 °C and 120 revolutions/min. A clear liquid material was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis after a series of centrifugation and ultrasonication. Results showed that the isolated nanocellulose had an average particle size of 375.9 nm ± 2.9 with a polydisperse index of 0.404 ± 0.059. Transmission electron and atomic force images showed that nanocellulose was longitudinal in size and highly aggregated and agglomerated. Through FTIR analysis, crystallinity indexes (i.e. lateral order index, total crystallinity index, and hydrogen bond intensity) of bleached abaca pulp and the isolated nanocellulose were compared. Results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis of bleached abaca pulp resulted in higher cellulose crystallinity. Overall, nanocellulose can be isolated using biological methods using Bacillus sp. cellulase. These results could be used as a baseline to isolate smaller particle sizes, highly monodisperse, and stable nanocellulose that could be further applied in packaging, papermaking, cosmetics, medicine, and numerous other applications.
{"title":"Isolation of Nanocellulose by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bleached Musa textilis (Abaca) Pulp","authors":"Kim Wilmer Balagot, Kimberly Delica, Rebecca Lapuz, Anniver Ryan Lapuz, Rowena Ramos, Emmanuel Domingo","doi":"10.56899/152.05.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.28","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose is commonly isolated from cellulosic materials by chemical methods using strong acids. In this study, the enzymatic method was explored to isolate nanocellulose from commercial bleached S 2 grade abaca pulp. It was first disintegrated for 10 min and was subjected to enzyme hydrolysis while incubated with Bacillus sp. cellulase for 72 h at 50 °C and 120 revolutions/min. A clear liquid material was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis after a series of centrifugation and ultrasonication. Results showed that the isolated nanocellulose had an average particle size of 375.9 nm ± 2.9 with a polydisperse index of 0.404 ± 0.059. Transmission electron and atomic force images showed that nanocellulose was longitudinal in size and highly aggregated and agglomerated. Through FTIR analysis, crystallinity indexes (i.e. lateral order index, total crystallinity index, and hydrogen bond intensity) of bleached abaca pulp and the isolated nanocellulose were compared. Results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis of bleached abaca pulp resulted in higher cellulose crystallinity. Overall, nanocellulose can be isolated using biological methods using Bacillus sp. cellulase. These results could be used as a baseline to isolate smaller particle sizes, highly monodisperse, and stable nanocellulose that could be further applied in packaging, papermaking, cosmetics, medicine, and numerous other applications.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cromwel Jumao-as, Florence Roy Salvaña, Andrie Bon Flores, Sittie Janiffah Eril, Ralph Francis Yabut, Cathleen Angelie Abler, Maria Elena Tanabe, Zandra Amino, Cherie Cano-Mangaoang
Flying foxes are among bat species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic activities. Conservation efforts have been employed to protect flying foxes thus, information on viable roosts is pertinent to their success. A population of an endangered Philippine endemic Acerodon jubatus, approximately 250 individuals, was recorded roosting on Terminalia microcarpa and Pterocarpus indicus in Timaco Hill of Barangay Kalanganan II, Cotabato City, Philippines. The Bangsamoro Parliament of Cotabato City has a pending resolution to declare Timaco Hill as a protected area to preserve its biodiversity. However, its Comprehensive Land Use Plan envisioned the area as a potential commercial and ecotourism site. The discovery of A. jubatus population in the area can boost ecotourism and increase the economic potential of the local community. However, ecotourism can be a source of disturbance that can potentially affect wildlife. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of ecotourism, it is highly recommended that the Local Government Unit come up with a comprehensive strategic development plan for Timaco Hill to fulfill the goal of ecotourism – to generate revenue from tourism for wildlife conservation and the community’s economic development.
{"title":"Flying Fox Roost (Pteropodidae: Acerodon jubatus) in Timaco Hill, Cotabato City, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines","authors":"Cromwel Jumao-as, Florence Roy Salvaña, Andrie Bon Flores, Sittie Janiffah Eril, Ralph Francis Yabut, Cathleen Angelie Abler, Maria Elena Tanabe, Zandra Amino, Cherie Cano-Mangaoang","doi":"10.56899/152.05.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.25","url":null,"abstract":"Flying foxes are among bat species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic activities. Conservation efforts have been employed to protect flying foxes thus, information on viable roosts is pertinent to their success. A population of an endangered Philippine endemic Acerodon jubatus, approximately 250 individuals, was recorded roosting on Terminalia microcarpa and Pterocarpus indicus in Timaco Hill of Barangay Kalanganan II, Cotabato City, Philippines. The Bangsamoro Parliament of Cotabato City has a pending resolution to declare Timaco Hill as a protected area to preserve its biodiversity. However, its Comprehensive Land Use Plan envisioned the area as a potential commercial and ecotourism site. The discovery of A. jubatus population in the area can boost ecotourism and increase the economic potential of the local community. However, ecotourism can be a source of disturbance that can potentially affect wildlife. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of ecotourism, it is highly recommended that the Local Government Unit come up with a comprehensive strategic development plan for Timaco Hill to fulfill the goal of ecotourism – to generate revenue from tourism for wildlife conservation and the community’s economic development.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135023328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Julius Manuben, Jasper Sarmiento, Eric Jhon Cruz, Allan Adrian Galaoa, Cristina Bajet
Pesticides pose a serious risk to the environment and public health when used in crop production in an unsafe and indiscriminate manner. Moreover, there is a preconceived notion that conventionally grown crops are not as safe as organic crops due to the presence of pesticide residues. To address this, an intervention that focused on farmers’ training on proper pesticide management was conducted. Two farmer clusters were organized separately, and pesticide usage and practices were monitored and evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicated a significant decline in the usage of pesticides not registered for cabbage and eggplant production. Residue analysis for major insecticide groups (organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids) of the harvested crops showed that 100% of the eggplant samples (n = 20) and 80% of the cabbage samples (n = 20) had non-detectable pesticide residues (< 0.01 mg/kg). The cabbage samples with detectable residues are found to be compliant with the currently established CODEX and ASEAN maximum residue limits for the indicated pesticides. Overall, this suggests that training and monitoring activities conducted to strengthen the knowledge and adherence to pesticide safety practices resulted in safe conventional vegetable production. It is recommended that farmers’ training and other extension activities be conducted periodically to promote the judicious use of pesticides for food safety.
{"title":"Role of Farmers’ Training on Improving Pesticide Management and Food Safety in Conventional Cabbage and Eggplant Production","authors":"John Julius Manuben, Jasper Sarmiento, Eric Jhon Cruz, Allan Adrian Galaoa, Cristina Bajet","doi":"10.56899/152.05.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.26","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides pose a serious risk to the environment and public health when used in crop production in an unsafe and indiscriminate manner. Moreover, there is a preconceived notion that conventionally grown crops are not as safe as organic crops due to the presence of pesticide residues. To address this, an intervention that focused on farmers’ training on proper pesticide management was conducted. Two farmer clusters were organized separately, and pesticide usage and practices were monitored and evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicated a significant decline in the usage of pesticides not registered for cabbage and eggplant production. Residue analysis for major insecticide groups (organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids) of the harvested crops showed that 100% of the eggplant samples (n = 20) and 80% of the cabbage samples (n = 20) had non-detectable pesticide residues (< 0.01 mg/kg). The cabbage samples with detectable residues are found to be compliant with the currently established CODEX and ASEAN maximum residue limits for the indicated pesticides. Overall, this suggests that training and monitoring activities conducted to strengthen the knowledge and adherence to pesticide safety practices resulted in safe conventional vegetable production. It is recommended that farmers’ training and other extension activities be conducted periodically to promote the judicious use of pesticides for food safety.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135023329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study used a rather underutilized “galigiuan” [Paratrophis glabra (Merr.) Steenis] fruits inthe production of wine beverages using a research development process and descriptive method.It aims to determine the physicochemical properties using Bruker Alpha FT-IR SpectrometerWine Analyzer and evaluate the sensory qualities of the wine product in terms of appearance,aroma, taste, texture/finish, and general acceptability using consumer rating test through a 4- and7-point hedonic scale. Physicochemical analysis showed that galigiuan wine is within standards forfruit wine as to acetic acid (0.41 g/L), alcohol (10.24%), citric acid (3.09 g/L), density (1), fructose(5.44 g/L), glycerol (10.08 g/L), lactic acid (0.31 g/L), pH (3.67), saccharose (1.60 g/L), and totalsugar (7.30 g/L) but less in total acid (2.55 g/L) based on the overall average. The average valuesfor glucose, tartaric acid, and malic acids were negative. The wine product had good appearance,aroma, taste, texture/finish, and acceptability as fruit wine comparable to that of Bignay wine.Utilizing Paratrophis glabra fruits in wine production could minimize the wastage of its fruitsduring its peak fruiting season and can be an alternative source of wine beverage and livelihood.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Qualities of Wine Produced from Galigiuan (Paratrophis glabra) Fruit","authors":"Ma. Louisa Taguiling","doi":"10.56899/152.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"The study used a rather underutilized “galigiuan” [Paratrophis glabra (Merr.) Steenis] fruits inthe production of wine beverages using a research development process and descriptive method.It aims to determine the physicochemical properties using Bruker Alpha FT-IR SpectrometerWine Analyzer and evaluate the sensory qualities of the wine product in terms of appearance,aroma, taste, texture/finish, and general acceptability using consumer rating test through a 4- and7-point hedonic scale. Physicochemical analysis showed that galigiuan wine is within standards forfruit wine as to acetic acid (0.41 g/L), alcohol (10.24%), citric acid (3.09 g/L), density (1), fructose(5.44 g/L), glycerol (10.08 g/L), lactic acid (0.31 g/L), pH (3.67), saccharose (1.60 g/L), and totalsugar (7.30 g/L) but less in total acid (2.55 g/L) based on the overall average. The average valuesfor glucose, tartaric acid, and malic acids were negative. The wine product had good appearance,aroma, taste, texture/finish, and acceptability as fruit wine comparable to that of Bignay wine.Utilizing Paratrophis glabra fruits in wine production could minimize the wastage of its fruitsduring its peak fruiting season and can be an alternative source of wine beverage and livelihood.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Francisco, Maria Aileen Leah Guzman, Neil Tan Gana, Jewel Racquel Unson, Emilyn Espiritu, Pia Clarisse Gulpeo, Aurea Marie Sandoval
Sludge production is a major challenge for wastewater treatment plants and is expected to exceed10,000 tons per day worldwide. Inadequate management of sludge can result in treatment and disposal issues, necessitating the need for effective sludge disposal strategies. Recent studies have shown that sludge may be effective in controlling soil-borne pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of this property in local environments remain unclear.To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the physico-chemical properties of sludge from a sewage treatment plant and its inhibitory activity against the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Sludge samples produced at various drying rates were tested, and the percent relative inhibition zone diameter (% RIZD) was measured. Potential bacterial species with inhibitory properties were isolated from the sludge and identified, and correlational analysis was carried out. The results show that sludge extract, after two months of drying, had the highest % RIZD(78.29 ± 5.7%, p < 0.05) – which correlated positively with the total bacterial count, total nitrogen, potassium, and microbial respiration. These results indicate that the biotic components may have a positive effect on the sludge's inhibitory potential against F. oxysporum. Although sludge has been found to have the potential to inhibit fungal pathogens, further treatment is necessary to meet regulatory standards (PNS/BAFS 40:2016) and avoid environmental contamination. This study provides a baseline for future research on sludge reuse and management policies.
{"title":"In Vitro Assessment of the Inhibitory Effect of Sludge against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Smith) Synder et Hansen","authors":"Jessica Francisco, Maria Aileen Leah Guzman, Neil Tan Gana, Jewel Racquel Unson, Emilyn Espiritu, Pia Clarisse Gulpeo, Aurea Marie Sandoval","doi":"10.56899/152.05.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.10","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge production is a major challenge for wastewater treatment plants and is expected to exceed10,000 tons per day worldwide. Inadequate management of sludge can result in treatment and disposal issues, necessitating the need for effective sludge disposal strategies. Recent studies have shown that sludge may be effective in controlling soil-borne pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of this property in local environments remain unclear.To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the physico-chemical properties of sludge from a sewage treatment plant and its inhibitory activity against the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Sludge samples produced at various drying rates were tested, and the percent relative inhibition zone diameter (% RIZD) was measured. Potential bacterial species with inhibitory properties were isolated from the sludge and identified, and correlational analysis was carried out. The results show that sludge extract, after two months of drying, had the highest % RIZD(78.29 ± 5.7%, p < 0.05) – which correlated positively with the total bacterial count, total nitrogen, potassium, and microbial respiration. These results indicate that the biotic components may have a positive effect on the sludge's inhibitory potential against F. oxysporum. Although sludge has been found to have the potential to inhibit fungal pathogens, further treatment is necessary to meet regulatory standards (PNS/BAFS 40:2016) and avoid environmental contamination. This study provides a baseline for future research on sludge reuse and management policies.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dianne Dalin-as, Riza Abilgos-Ramos, Angelita Caña
Rice bran contains health-beneficial components, which are enhanced during the fermentation process. Fermented rice bran (FRB) can be used as an adjunct ingredient to enhance the nutritional value of foods. The study aimed to assess the perceptions and determinants of consumers’ willingness to buy (WTB) FRB-enriched beverages in Eastern Visayas, Philippines.A face-to-face survey was conducted with 402 respondents, which was proportionally distributed in the six provinces of Eastern Visayas. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, perceptions, and WTB FRB-enriched beverages.Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of the consumers to buy FRB-enriched beverages. Results revealed that almost all respondents were unaware (96%) of FRB and FRB-enriched beverages, which could be primarily because using FRB in food applications is a new concept in the Philippines. In spite of their high level of unawareness, they generally had positive perceptions of FRB-enriched beverages such as being healthy and nutritious and having a good taste. Many also were willing to buy FRB-enriched beverages when made available in the market. Regression analysis showed that married couples were 0.61 less likely to buy FRB-enriched beverages than single and widow/widower individuals.Those who are aware of FRB-enriched beverages were 2.77 times more likely to buy FRB-enriched beverages than those who are not aware. Likewise, the odds that the consumers who are aware of FRB and its health benefits will buy the product was 3.41 times more than those who are not aware. Further results revealed that consumers who perceived that FRB-enriched beverages have good taste were 3.58 times more likely to buy the product than those individuals who perceived that the products do not have a good taste.
{"title":"Perceptions and Determinants of Consumers' Willingness to Buy (WTB) Fermented Rice Bran-enriched Beverages in Eastern Visayas, Philippines","authors":"Dianne Dalin-as, Riza Abilgos-Ramos, Angelita Caña","doi":"10.56899/152.05.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.21","url":null,"abstract":"Rice bran contains health-beneficial components, which are enhanced during the fermentation process. Fermented rice bran (FRB) can be used as an adjunct ingredient to enhance the nutritional value of foods. The study aimed to assess the perceptions and determinants of consumers’ willingness to buy (WTB) FRB-enriched beverages in Eastern Visayas, Philippines.A face-to-face survey was conducted with 402 respondents, which was proportionally distributed in the six provinces of Eastern Visayas. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, perceptions, and WTB FRB-enriched beverages.Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of the consumers to buy FRB-enriched beverages. Results revealed that almost all respondents were unaware (96%) of FRB and FRB-enriched beverages, which could be primarily because using FRB in food applications is a new concept in the Philippines. In spite of their high level of unawareness, they generally had positive perceptions of FRB-enriched beverages such as being healthy and nutritious and having a good taste. Many also were willing to buy FRB-enriched beverages when made available in the market. Regression analysis showed that married couples were 0.61 less likely to buy FRB-enriched beverages than single and widow/widower individuals.Those who are aware of FRB-enriched beverages were 2.77 times more likely to buy FRB-enriched beverages than those who are not aware. Likewise, the odds that the consumers who are aware of FRB and its health benefits will buy the product was 3.41 times more than those who are not aware. Further results revealed that consumers who perceived that FRB-enriched beverages have good taste were 3.58 times more likely to buy the product than those individuals who perceived that the products do not have a good taste.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135998888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Indonesia, palm shells and plastic waste are quite abundant, and they have the potential to cause environmental pollution. Additionally, the availability of fossil fuels is dwindling, so other energy sources are needed. This study aimed to find a solution to these problems. In this study, briquettes based on dried palm shells (cangkang kelapa sawit or CKS) with the addition of polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastics were prepared and characterized. The briquettes were made using cassava starch adhesive, and the densification was carried out at a pressure of 1283.40 N/m2 for 30 min. The briquettes were made with varying amounts of plastic added to the mixture: 1, 2, 3, and 4 % (w/w % of CKS). The produced briquettes were analyzed for their calorific values and mechanical compression properties. Calorific value is an important parameter related to the energy content of briquettes as fuel. A compression test is important since the briquettes must resist external compression load due to stacking during storage and transportation. The calorific values of the briquettes obtained from the experiments were found to be in the range of 27.14–27.7MJ/kg, wherein the calorific value for briquettes containing PP is higher than that of the ones containing PE. From the compression testing, it was found that the higher the plastic content, the higher the compression modulus of elasticity and ultimate strength of the briquettes. As with the calorific values, the modulus of elasticity, and ultimate strength value of briquettes containing PP are higher than that of the ones containing PE with the same palm-to-plastic ratio.
{"title":"Calorific Values and Mechanical Compression Property of Briquettes Made of Palm Shell with Plastic Addition","authors":"Widayani Widayani, Yessi Gusnia, Irfan Dwi Aditya","doi":"10.56899/152.05.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.23","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, palm shells and plastic waste are quite abundant, and they have the potential to cause environmental pollution. Additionally, the availability of fossil fuels is dwindling, so other energy sources are needed. This study aimed to find a solution to these problems. In this study, briquettes based on dried palm shells (cangkang kelapa sawit or CKS) with the addition of polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastics were prepared and characterized. The briquettes were made using cassava starch adhesive, and the densification was carried out at a pressure of 1283.40 N/m2 for 30 min. The briquettes were made with varying amounts of plastic added to the mixture: 1, 2, 3, and 4 % (w/w % of CKS). The produced briquettes were analyzed for their calorific values and mechanical compression properties. Calorific value is an important parameter related to the energy content of briquettes as fuel. A compression test is important since the briquettes must resist external compression load due to stacking during storage and transportation. The calorific values of the briquettes obtained from the experiments were found to be in the range of 27.14–27.7MJ/kg, wherein the calorific value for briquettes containing PP is higher than that of the ones containing PE. From the compression testing, it was found that the higher the plastic content, the higher the compression modulus of elasticity and ultimate strength of the briquettes. As with the calorific values, the modulus of elasticity, and ultimate strength value of briquettes containing PP are higher than that of the ones containing PE with the same palm-to-plastic ratio.","PeriodicalId":22801,"journal":{"name":"The Philippine journal of science","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135998886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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