Pub Date : 1997-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631170
H. Eck, C. Ham, G. Wyk
SYNOPSIS A survey was undertaken in four areas in the Eastern Cape Province to establish indigenous tree use patterns and preferences. Through informal interviews a list was compiled of the 25 most popular indigenous trees being used for their fruit and timber by the local people.
{"title":"Survey of Indigenous Tree Uses and Preferences in the Eastern Cape Province","authors":"H. Eck, C. Ham, G. Wyk","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631170","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS A survey was undertaken in four areas in the Eastern Cape Province to establish indigenous tree use patterns and preferences. Through informal interviews a list was compiled of the 25 most popular indigenous trees being used for their fruit and timber by the local people.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130041046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631149
H. Uys
SYNOPSIS The well-established method which is applied in South Africa to determine the value of timber plantations ignores real or relative price changes. The omission of real price changes from a plantation valuation can seriously understate or overstate the true value of a plantation. This paper shows, by means of an example, the potential differences which can occur between plantation values obtained according to the hitherto generally accepted method and those obtained according to a method which takes account of real price changes.
{"title":"The Effect of Real Price Changes on the Valuation of Timber Plantations","authors":"H. Uys","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631149","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The well-established method which is applied in South Africa to determine the value of timber plantations ignores real or relative price changes. The omission of real price changes from a plantation valuation can seriously understate or overstate the true value of a plantation. This paper shows, by means of an example, the potential differences which can occur between plantation values obtained according to the hitherto generally accepted method and those obtained according to a method which takes account of real price changes.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127069318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631152
E. Govere
SYNOPSIS As foresters we should keep in mind that there are impeding forces to the implementation of the scientific forest knowledge we generate and the forest skills we develop. Some of these impeding forces are the legal, institutional, policy and socio-economic shortcomings hindering sustainable forest management. This general paper highlights these shortcomings with the hope that we as foresters do not only focus on biophysical aspects of forestry but also work to minimise non-biophysical aspects that hinder sustainable forestry management.
{"title":"Legal, Institutional, Policy and Socio-Economic Shortcomings Hindering Sustainable Forest Management","authors":"E. Govere","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631152","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS As foresters we should keep in mind that there are impeding forces to the implementation of the scientific forest knowledge we generate and the forest skills we develop. Some of these impeding forces are the legal, institutional, policy and socio-economic shortcomings hindering sustainable forest management. This general paper highlights these shortcomings with the hope that we as foresters do not only focus on biophysical aspects of forestry but also work to minimise non-biophysical aspects that hinder sustainable forestry management.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130671010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631148
A. Muneri
SYNOPSIS Pulpwood samples from 8-year old Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus grandis plantations grown in Zimbabwe were evaluated for kraft pulping, bleaching and papermaking properties. The possibility of co-pulping the two species was also investigated. A. mearnsii had higher chip basic density than E. grandis, and required more active alkali to produce less pulp. At about the same Kappa number, the A. mearnsii pulp had lower strength properties but higher opacity. Pulps of both species could be bleached to an acceptable brightness. The results demonstrated that the conventional prejudice against the use of A. mearnsii as pulpwood in Zimbabwe may be undeserved. The species has superior pulpwood productivity and can be successfully co-pulped with E. grandis, the preferred hardwood pulpwood species in Zimbabwe.
{"title":"Kraft Pulping Properties of Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus grandis Grown in Zimbabwe","authors":"A. Muneri","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631148","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Pulpwood samples from 8-year old Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus grandis plantations grown in Zimbabwe were evaluated for kraft pulping, bleaching and papermaking properties. The possibility of co-pulping the two species was also investigated. A. mearnsii had higher chip basic density than E. grandis, and required more active alkali to produce less pulp. At about the same Kappa number, the A. mearnsii pulp had lower strength properties but higher opacity. Pulps of both species could be bleached to an acceptable brightness. The results demonstrated that the conventional prejudice against the use of A. mearnsii as pulpwood in Zimbabwe may be undeserved. The species has superior pulpwood productivity and can be successfully co-pulped with E. grandis, the preferred hardwood pulpwood species in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134334908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631151
A. Armstrong, H. J. Hensbergen
SYNOPSIS The grassland biome is the biome most transformed by human activity in South Africa. At least thirteen percent of the biome is suitable for pine afforestation. There is a need for conservation evaluations before large-scale commercial afforestation to determine which areas are required to maintain biological diversity in the afforestable region and which areas can be planted. This paper gives a protocol for wildlife conservation based on focal taxa, and is presented by means of a flow diagram. The protocol is designed to be implemented by a single researcher in regions which are poorly-known biologically and when there are time and cost constraints. Land types or broad vegetation types can be used to account for the large-scale variability in the landscape. Sampling on different topographical units or in different habitats on each large-scale unit can account for the small-scale variability. Some criteria considered important in choosing focal taxa are given. The sampling methods should allow the...
{"title":"A Protocol for Wildlife Conservation Planning in an Afforestable Montane Grassland Region","authors":"A. Armstrong, H. J. Hensbergen","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631151","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The grassland biome is the biome most transformed by human activity in South Africa. At least thirteen percent of the biome is suitable for pine afforestation. There is a need for conservation evaluations before large-scale commercial afforestation to determine which areas are required to maintain biological diversity in the afforestable region and which areas can be planted. This paper gives a protocol for wildlife conservation based on focal taxa, and is presented by means of a flow diagram. The protocol is designed to be implemented by a single researcher in regions which are poorly-known biologically and when there are time and cost constraints. Land types or broad vegetation types can be used to account for the large-scale variability in the landscape. Sampling on different topographical units or in different habitats on each large-scale unit can account for the small-scale variability. Some criteria considered important in choosing focal taxa are given. The sampling methods should allow the...","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114548427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631150
J. Wright, N. Isaza
SYNOPSIS The conifer species, Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, is an important part of the ecology within the indigenous range of South-east Asia as well as in sustainably managed plantations in a number of countries. Planting with the species in Colombia began in 1971. The development of P. kesiya on degraded pasture land is an aid in restoring biological and financial productivity to these areas. The development of a genetic resource for this species and the application of correct silvicultural practices to reforest degraded pasture land in Colombia are reported.
针叶树物种松(Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon)是东南亚本土范围内生态系统的重要组成部分，也是许多国家可持续管理种植园的重要组成部分。哥伦比亚于1971年开始种植这种植物。在退化的草地上开发克西雅草有助于恢复这些地区的生物和经济生产力。报告了该物种遗传资源的开发以及在哥伦比亚退化的牧场上应用正确的造林方法。
{"title":"Silviculture and genetics of Pinus kesiya for planting degraded pasture land","authors":"J. Wright, N. Isaza","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631150","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The conifer species, Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, is an important part of the ecology within the indigenous range of South-east Asia as well as in sustainably managed plantations in a number of countries. Planting with the species in Colombia began in 1971. The development of P. kesiya on degraded pasture land is an aid in restoring biological and financial productivity to these areas. The development of a genetic resource for this species and the application of correct silvicultural practices to reforest degraded pasture land in Colombia are reported.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125967627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631154
K. Nyasulu, J. Latham
SYNOPSIS The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was established in 1980 as a regional economic development organisation with nine member countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe with Namibia joining in 1990. SADCC's aim was to develop flexible coordination of those aspects of national development plans which have potential regional impact. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) came into being and replaced SADCC. There are now 12 SADC member States, after South Africa and Mauritius joined the Community. In 1981, SADCC established a Forestry Sector Technical Subcommittee. This subcommittee is chaired by the Director of Forestry, Malawi whose role is to provide leadership in the coordination of regional forestry activities. In 1984. SADCC and the Malawi Government established the Forestry Sector Technical Coordination Unit (FSTCU) to facilitate this role. The activities of the FSTCU include organising an...
{"title":"The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Programme of Action","authors":"K. Nyasulu, J. Latham","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631154","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was established in 1980 as a regional economic development organisation with nine member countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe with Namibia joining in 1990. SADCC's aim was to develop flexible coordination of those aspects of national development plans which have potential regional impact. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) came into being and replaced SADCC. There are now 12 SADC member States, after South Africa and Mauritius joined the Community. In 1981, SADCC established a Forestry Sector Technical Subcommittee. This subcommittee is chaired by the Director of Forestry, Malawi whose role is to provide leadership in the coordination of regional forestry activities. In 1984. SADCC and the Malawi Government established the Forestry Sector Technical Coordination Unit (FSTCU) to facilitate this role. The activities of the FSTCU include organising an...","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132724891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631147
R. J. V. Rensburg, B. Bredenkamp
SYNOPSIS A dynamic multiperiod linear programming model which addresses nursery scheduling is presented. Due to its dynamic nature, it provides a means to manage risks and uncertainties such as disease, rootstrike, germination and fluctuating demands. By optimising the whole production process, all production capacities such as the greenhouse and shadehouse are optimally utilised. Shortfalls in any period are eliminated by modelling inventory while overproduction can be prevented by using production control constraints. A working example is presented.
{"title":"Optimising Nursery Operation Schedules with Multiperiod Linear Programming","authors":"R. J. V. Rensburg, B. Bredenkamp","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631147","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS A dynamic multiperiod linear programming model which addresses nursery scheduling is presented. Due to its dynamic nature, it provides a means to manage risks and uncertainties such as disease, rootstrike, germination and fluctuating demands. By optimising the whole production process, all production capacities such as the greenhouse and shadehouse are optimally utilised. Shortfalls in any period are eliminated by modelling inventory while overproduction can be prevented by using production control constraints. A working example is presented.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125251728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631146
S. Gous
SYNOPSIS Three herbicides (glyphosate, hexazinone and metsulfuron methyl) at three rates were tested on indigenous herbaceous shrubs (macchia) in a one-year-old virgin Pinus radiata stand. A mechanical ring weeding of 1 m radius was included as a control treatment. Herbicides were applied over-the-top to uncovered P. radiata. These treatments were tested for each of four seasonal applications. Tree height and diameter growth were measured to determine efficacy of the treatments. Two floristic surveys indicated satisfactory weed suppression. Summer was the best season to apply herbicides. Glyphosate and hexazinone were significantly better than metsulfuron methyl. Hexazinone had no detrimental effect on P. radiata and improved their height growth, whereas glyphosate scorched the trees, but improved their diameter growth. Optimum application rates of these herbicides are 2 000 g and 1500 g active ingredient (a.i.) hexazinone and 1 500 g a.i. glyphosate per hectare.
{"title":"Season of application affects herbicide efficacy in Pinus radiata plantations in the southern Cape region of South Africa","authors":"S. Gous","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631146","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Three herbicides (glyphosate, hexazinone and metsulfuron methyl) at three rates were tested on indigenous herbaceous shrubs (macchia) in a one-year-old virgin Pinus radiata stand. A mechanical ring weeding of 1 m radius was included as a control treatment. Herbicides were applied over-the-top to uncovered P. radiata. These treatments were tested for each of four seasonal applications. Tree height and diameter growth were measured to determine efficacy of the treatments. Two floristic surveys indicated satisfactory weed suppression. Summer was the best season to apply herbicides. Glyphosate and hexazinone were significantly better than metsulfuron methyl. Hexazinone had no detrimental effect on P. radiata and improved their height growth, whereas glyphosate scorched the trees, but improved their diameter growth. Optimum application rates of these herbicides are 2 000 g and 1500 g active ingredient (a.i.) hexazinone and 1 500 g a.i. glyphosate per hectare.","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130061184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10295925.1997.9631153
F. Kruger, D. Everard
SYNOPSIS This paper is intended as a basis for discussion of relevant issues regarding management for sustainability in the industrial plantation forests of South Africa. A brief outline of questions relating to sustainability of this sector is followed by a discussion of the concept of environmental sustainability and sustainable forest management. The policies current in South Africa are outlined. A brief review of optional policy instruments for attaining sustainable forest management follows. These include: — prescriptive vs effects-based planning for guiding the choice of development options; — several aspects of environmental management, i.e. of managing for sustainability; — defining sustainability: principles, criteria and indicators; — benchmarking sustainability: performance standards; — achieving sustainability: the process of improving performance through environmental management systems; — recognising sustainability: certification; — rewarding sustainability: labelling; — codes of practice; —...
{"title":"The Sustainable Management of the Industrial Plantation Forests of South Africa: Policy Development and Implementation","authors":"F. Kruger, D. Everard","doi":"10.1080/10295925.1997.9631153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631153","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS This paper is intended as a basis for discussion of relevant issues regarding management for sustainability in the industrial plantation forests of South Africa. A brief outline of questions relating to sustainability of this sector is followed by a discussion of the concept of environmental sustainability and sustainable forest management. The policies current in South Africa are outlined. A brief review of optional policy instruments for attaining sustainable forest management follows. These include: — prescriptive vs effects-based planning for guiding the choice of development options; — several aspects of environmental management, i.e. of managing for sustainability; — defining sustainability: principles, criteria and indicators; — benchmarking sustainability: performance standards; — achieving sustainability: the process of improving performance through environmental management systems; — recognising sustainability: certification; — rewarding sustainability: labelling; — codes of practice; —...","PeriodicalId":228456,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Forestry Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130883731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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