Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_1
J. Kagira, S. Githigia, J. Ng’ang’a, P. Kanyari, N. Maingi, J. Gachohi
The current study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) protozoa and associated risk factors in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. A total of 306 pigs from 135 farms in 6 Divisions were sampled for feces, which were analysed for parasites using direct smear and McMaster floatation methods. Associations between the occurrence of the parasites and explanatory variables (sex, age, division of origin and rainfall) were undertaken using ANOVA, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation statistics. The following gastrointestinal protozoan parasites were identified: Entamoeba spp. (87%), Balantidium coli (64%), Tritrichomonas suis (42%) and Coccidia spp (33%). The mean coccidial oocysts per gram (OPG) of all the sampled pigs was 1,276 (range = 0-28,000 OPG) and the proportions of the species included: Eimeria debliecki (40%), E. suis (26%), E. porci (16%), E. scabra (13%) and E. polita (5%). There was negative correlation between the amount of rainfall in the division of pig origin and prevalence of Eimeria spp, Tt. suis, and Entamoeba spp, but a positive correlation with prevalence of B. coli. The prevalences of Eimeria spp., Entamoeba spp. and Tt. suis were higher in males than females; but it was only the sex-differences for Tt. suis which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The prevalences of Tt. suis in sows were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of growers and piglets. It was concluded that GIT protozoan parasites of economic and zoonotic significance occur in pigs in the study area and effective control strategies should be implemented.
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoa and association with risk factors in free-range pigs in Kenya","authors":"J. Kagira, S. Githigia, J. Ng’ang’a, P. Kanyari, N. Maingi, J. Gachohi","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) protozoa and associated risk factors in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. A total of 306 pigs from 135 farms in 6 Divisions were sampled for feces, which were analysed for parasites using direct smear and McMaster floatation methods. Associations between the occurrence of the parasites and explanatory variables (sex, age, division of origin and rainfall) were undertaken using ANOVA, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation statistics. The following gastrointestinal protozoan parasites were identified: Entamoeba spp. (87%), Balantidium coli (64%), Tritrichomonas suis (42%) and Coccidia spp (33%). The mean coccidial oocysts per gram (OPG) of all the sampled pigs was 1,276 (range = 0-28,000 OPG) and the proportions of the species included: Eimeria debliecki (40%), E. suis (26%), E. porci (16%), E. scabra (13%) and E. polita (5%). There was negative correlation between the amount of rainfall in the division of pig origin and prevalence of Eimeria spp, Tt. suis, and Entamoeba spp, but a positive correlation with prevalence of B. coli. The prevalences of Eimeria spp., Entamoeba spp. and Tt. suis were higher in males than females; but it was only the sex-differences for Tt. suis which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The prevalences of Tt. suis in sows were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of growers and piglets. It was concluded that GIT protozoan parasites of economic and zoonotic significance occur in pigs in the study area and effective control strategies should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81358971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_7
R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal
{"title":"Detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection among parasitologically and immunologically negative animals by polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"76 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80123044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_82
Houshuang Zhang, H. Ibrahim, S. Fukumoto, Ling Jin, M. Ishii, S. Takeo, M. Igarashi, N. Yokoyama, X. Xuan, N. Kojima, T. Tsuboi, Y. Nishikawa
{"title":"Identification of cross-reactive antigen of Plasmodium falciparum able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection.","authors":"Houshuang Zhang, H. Ibrahim, S. Fukumoto, Ling Jin, M. Ishii, S. Takeo, M. Igarashi, N. Yokoyama, X. Xuan, N. Kojima, T. Tsuboi, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"95 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85727282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_40
R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal
{"title":"Experiences on diagnosis and isolation of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle in field condition","authors":"R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"88 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_32
R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal
{"title":"Immuno-reaction of naturally Trypanosoma evansi infected cattle sera with whole cell lysate antigens of T. evansi isolated from different hosts origin","authors":"R. Laha, N. K. Sasmal","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"22 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87106995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_51
B. Shamaki, O. Obaloto, T. Eche, G. Balak, C. Dongkum, J. Kalejaiye, A. Sakuma, L. Zaria
{"title":"Survey of African animal trypanosomiasis and biting flies in Alkaleri and Toro Local Government Areas of Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"B. Shamaki, O. Obaloto, T. Eche, G. Balak, C. Dongkum, J. Kalejaiye, A. Sakuma, L. Zaria","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"41 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89891900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_10
S. Karanja, J. Ngaira, J. Thuita, Maina-Ngotho, C. Gichuki
The vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) model of sleeping sickness was used to evaluate the effectiveness of TrypTectCIATT in assessing the success of trypanocidal therapy. A retrospective study was therefore conducted on sera collected from monkeys infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated either curatively with melarsoprol or sub-curatively with diminazene aceturate. In the human survey, 440 sera collected from 96 human patients were tested. These patients were treated with either suramin or melarsoprol depending on the stage of the disease. An extra 56 parasitologically positive pretreatment samples were also tested to aid in determination of the test sensitivity. Results indicated that between 21–28 days post-infection, the test detected trypanosomal antigens in 84.2 % (16/19) of animal samples that were parasitologically positive by the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT). In curatively treated animals, 77.8 % (7/9) exhibited positive reaction up to 9 months post-treatment. One animal was positive for trypanosomal antigens for the entire 12 months while one was a non-reactor. From the sub-curatively treated group, 80% (8/10) were detected positive for the entire 12 months while, 2 animals were non-reactors. In the human survey, three patterns of antigen profiles were observed. In some patients, there was fluctuation of antigen levels throughout the 12 months followup period. In others, antigens were detected for the entire 12 months but in decreasing levels. The last group was that of patients with antigens decreasing at different rates to undetectable levels at 12 months post-treatment. The presence of trypanosome positive but antigen negative samples during the study raises a few questions with regards to the sensitivity of the test. It is however evident that the test was able to detect trypanosomal antigens in over 80 % of positive monkey and human serum samples. Consequently, TrypTectCIATT may be an important additional tool in reduction of the follow-up period and determination of success of chemotherapy in sleeping sickness.
{"title":"Use of TrypTectCIAAT to determine the effectiveness of treatment of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) and man.","authors":"S. Karanja, J. Ngaira, J. Thuita, Maina-Ngotho, C. Gichuki","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_10","url":null,"abstract":"The vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) model of sleeping sickness was used to evaluate the effectiveness of TrypTectCIATT in assessing the success of trypanocidal therapy. A retrospective study was therefore conducted on sera collected from monkeys infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated either curatively with melarsoprol or sub-curatively with diminazene aceturate. In the human survey, 440 sera collected from 96 human patients were tested. These patients were treated with either suramin or melarsoprol depending on the stage of the disease. An extra 56 parasitologically positive pretreatment samples were also tested to aid in determination of the test sensitivity. Results indicated that between 21–28 days post-infection, the test detected trypanosomal antigens in 84.2 % (16/19) of animal samples that were parasitologically positive by the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT). In curatively treated animals, 77.8 % (7/9) exhibited positive reaction up to 9 months post-treatment. One animal was positive for trypanosomal antigens for the entire 12 months while one was a non-reactor. From the sub-curatively treated group, 80% (8/10) were detected positive for the entire 12 months while, 2 animals were non-reactors. In the human survey, three patterns of antigen profiles were observed. In some patients, there was fluctuation of antigen levels throughout the 12 months followup period. In others, antigens were detected for the entire 12 months but in decreasing levels. The last group was that of patients with antigens decreasing at different rates to undetectable levels at 12 months post-treatment. The presence of trypanosome positive but antigen negative samples during the study raises a few questions with regards to the sensitivity of the test. It is however evident that the test was able to detect trypanosomal antigens in over 80 % of positive monkey and human serum samples. Consequently, TrypTectCIATT may be an important additional tool in reduction of the follow-up period and determination of success of chemotherapy in sleeping sickness.","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"30 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81542689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_70
G. Aboge, H. Jia, M. A. Terkawi, Y. Goo, V. Batbaatar, Y. Nishikawa, F. Sunaga, K. Namikawa, I. Igarashi, K. Fujisaki, Hiroshi Suzuki, X. Xuan
{"title":"Precursors of methotrexate target dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of Babesia gibsoni and inhibit parasite proliferation.","authors":"G. Aboge, H. Jia, M. A. Terkawi, Y. Goo, V. Batbaatar, Y. Nishikawa, F. Sunaga, K. Namikawa, I. Igarashi, K. Fujisaki, Hiroshi Suzuki, X. Xuan","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.1_70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"2 1","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75579805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_1
H. Asami, Y. Ohtani, R. Iino, Yoichiro Sogame, T. Matsuoka
{"title":"Behavior and Ca2+-induced cell signaling for encystment of Colpoda cucullus","authors":"H. Asami, Y. Ohtani, R. Iino, Yoichiro Sogame, T. Matsuoka","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.20.2_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73087951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.19.2_12
J. Ng, F. Claveria
Fecal samples collected from 8 groups of caged orangutans (Pongo spp.) kept at Avilon Zoo in Montalban, Rizal were examined using formalin ether concentration and Danish bilharziasis sieving techniques. Hookworm and Ascaris sp. eggs, and numerous mature cysts of Entamoeba coli were identified in orangutans housed in two separate cages and in single female kept in another cage, respectively.
{"title":"Intestinal parasites identified in caged Orangutans (Pongo spp.) at the Avilon Zoo, Montalban Zoological Park, Rizal, Philippines","authors":"J. Ng, F. Claveria","doi":"10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.19.2_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32268/JPROTOZOOLRES.19.2_12","url":null,"abstract":"Fecal samples collected from 8 groups of caged orangutans (Pongo spp.) kept at Avilon Zoo in Montalban, Rizal were examined using formalin ether concentration and Danish bilharziasis sieving techniques. Hookworm and Ascaris sp. eggs, and numerous mature cysts of Entamoeba coli were identified in orangutans housed in two separate cages and in single female kept in another cage, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22861,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology research","volume":"38 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76306283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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