BACKGROUNDObesity exhibits metabolic heterogeneity, but its impact on muscle strength decline remains unclear.METHODSBased on 7,772 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, individuals were classified into four BMI-metabolic phenotypes (MHNW, MUNW, MHOO, MUOO). Grip strength was used to assess muscle strength, and linear mixed-effects models examined phenotype-specific associations with muscle decline.RESULTSThe baseline muscle strength in the MUOO group was significantly lower than that in the MHNW group. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the MUOO group exhibited accelerated muscle loss across low (β = -0.0164), medium (β = -0.0091), and high (β = -0.0159) muscle strength levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the BMI-metabolic phenotype transition analysis showed that participants transitioning from MUOO to MHNW demonstrated an additional annual decrease in muscle strength of 0.0465 (95% CI: -0.0612 to -0.0318), compared to those maintaining stable MHNW. In the low muscle strength group, the stable MUNW (β = -0.0140), MHOO (β = -0.0195), and MUOO (β = -0.0263) groups all showed delayed muscle strength recovery (All P < 0.05). In the medium muscle strength group, stable MUOO exhibited accelerated muscle strength decline (β = -0.0091, 95% CI: -0.0182 to -0.0000), whereas muscle strength decline was significantly slowed in those transitioning from MUOO to MUNW (β = 0.0329, 95% CI: 0.0135 to 0.0523).CONCLUSIONBoth BMI and metabolic status influence muscle strength trajectories. Maintaining normal weight and metabolic health is essential for recovery in low-strength individuals, while weight loss may help mitigate decline in those with medium strength.
{"title":"Association between metabolic heterogeneity of obesity and the progression of muscle strength decline: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhenzhen Liang,Wei Jin,Sheng Liu,Lunde Zhao,Changen Duan,Qingyu Yin,Jihang Jin,Li Huang,Huajian Chen","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag014","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDObesity exhibits metabolic heterogeneity, but its impact on muscle strength decline remains unclear.METHODSBased on 7,772 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, individuals were classified into four BMI-metabolic phenotypes (MHNW, MUNW, MHOO, MUOO). Grip strength was used to assess muscle strength, and linear mixed-effects models examined phenotype-specific associations with muscle decline.RESULTSThe baseline muscle strength in the MUOO group was significantly lower than that in the MHNW group. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the MUOO group exhibited accelerated muscle loss across low (β = -0.0164), medium (β = -0.0091), and high (β = -0.0159) muscle strength levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the BMI-metabolic phenotype transition analysis showed that participants transitioning from MUOO to MHNW demonstrated an additional annual decrease in muscle strength of 0.0465 (95% CI: -0.0612 to -0.0318), compared to those maintaining stable MHNW. In the low muscle strength group, the stable MUNW (β = -0.0140), MHOO (β = -0.0195), and MUOO (β = -0.0263) groups all showed delayed muscle strength recovery (All P < 0.05). In the medium muscle strength group, stable MUOO exhibited accelerated muscle strength decline (β = -0.0091, 95% CI: -0.0182 to -0.0000), whereas muscle strength decline was significantly slowed in those transitioning from MUOO to MUNW (β = 0.0329, 95% CI: 0.0135 to 0.0523).CONCLUSIONBoth BMI and metabolic status influence muscle strength trajectories. Maintaining normal weight and metabolic health is essential for recovery in low-strength individuals, while weight loss may help mitigate decline in those with medium strength.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan L Fernandes,Diogo S Domiciano,Valeria F Caparbo,Camila S Figueredo,Caroline de Freitas Gomes,Rosa M R Pereira,Eduardo F B Neto
BACKGROUNDAge-related muscle decline and obesity are associated with impaired bone health and substantially increased fragility and fracture risk; however, evidence in frail populations remains inconsistent. We investigated differences in bone microarchitecture across body composition phenotypes in frail older women.METHODSThis cross-sectional study included 280 older women, of whom 109 met the Fried frailty criteria. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and categorized into four phenotypes: low appendicular lean mass (LALM; <20th percentile of residuals, -1.45), obesity (fat mass index >13 kg/m2), obesity with LALM, or neither condition. Bone microarchitecture was evaluated using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Statistical analyses included generalized estimating equations (GEE) with Bonferroni correction, χ2 tests, and Fisher's exact tests.RESULTSCompared with the obesity group, the LALM group exhibited smaller cortical area (Ct.Ar 71[23] vs. 90[18] mm2; age-adjusted p=.008) and thinner cortex (Ct.Th 0.858[0.202] vs. 1.031[0.217] mm; p=.043) at the tibia. Similar differences were observed at the radius (Ct.Ar 33[12] vs. 43[10] mm2; p=.002; Ct.Th 0.642[0.175] vs. 0.779[0.157] mm; p=.005). Additionally, compared with the obesity plus LALM group, the LALM group showed lower Ct.Ar, Ct.Th, total volumetric bone density (Tt.vBMD), and trabecular number (Tb.N), along with greater trabecular area (Tb.Ar) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) at the radius. Bone strength was significantly lower in the LALM group than in the obesity and obesity plus LALM groups.CONCLUSIONSAmong pre-frail and frail older women, obesity was associated with favorable cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture than those with low muscle mass without obesity, suggesting that excess adiposity may partially mitigate skeletal deterioration. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the impact of body composition on fracture risk in frail adults.
与年龄相关的肌肉衰退和肥胖与骨骼健康受损以及脆弱性和骨折风险大幅增加有关；然而，在脆弱人群中的证据仍然不一致。我们研究了体弱多病的老年妇女不同身体组成表型的骨微结构差异。方法本横断面研究纳入280名老年妇女，其中109人符合弗里德衰弱标准。通过双能x线吸收仪评估身体组成，并将其分为四种表型：低阑尾瘦质量（LALM; 13 kg/m2），肥胖伴LALM，或两者均无。采用高分辨率外周定量计算机断层扫描（HR-pQCT）评估骨微结构。统计分析包括Bonferroni校正的广义估计方程（GEE）、χ2检验和Fisher精确检验。结果与肥胖组相比，LALM组大脑皮层面积较小(Ct。ar71 [23] vs. 90[18] mm2；年龄调整后p= 0.008)，皮层较薄(Ct。0.858[0.202] vs. 1.031[0.217] mm；P =.043)。在半径（Ct）处观察到类似的差异。Ar 33[12] vs. 43[10] mm2；p = .002;Ct。0.642[0.175] vs. 0.779[0.157] mm；p = .005)。与肥胖合并LALM组相比，LALM组Ct值较低。基于“增大化现实”技术,Ct。Th，总容积骨密度(Tt；vBMD)和小梁数(Tb。N)，以及更大的小梁面积（Tb.Ar）和半径的小梁分离（Tb.Sp）。LALM组骨强度明显低于肥胖组和肥胖+ LALM组。结论：在体弱和体弱的老年妇女中，肥胖与低肌肉量无肥胖的女性相比，具有良好的皮质和骨小梁微结构，表明过度肥胖可能部分缓解骨骼退化。有必要进行纵向研究，以阐明身体成分对体弱成人骨折风险的影响。
{"title":"Bone Health and Body Composition in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adult Women: Insights from High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT).","authors":"Alan L Fernandes,Diogo S Domiciano,Valeria F Caparbo,Camila S Figueredo,Caroline de Freitas Gomes,Rosa M R Pereira,Eduardo F B Neto","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag013","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAge-related muscle decline and obesity are associated with impaired bone health and substantially increased fragility and fracture risk; however, evidence in frail populations remains inconsistent. We investigated differences in bone microarchitecture across body composition phenotypes in frail older women.METHODSThis cross-sectional study included 280 older women, of whom 109 met the Fried frailty criteria. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and categorized into four phenotypes: low appendicular lean mass (LALM; <20th percentile of residuals, -1.45), obesity (fat mass index >13 kg/m2), obesity with LALM, or neither condition. Bone microarchitecture was evaluated using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Statistical analyses included generalized estimating equations (GEE) with Bonferroni correction, χ2 tests, and Fisher's exact tests.RESULTSCompared with the obesity group, the LALM group exhibited smaller cortical area (Ct.Ar 71[23] vs. 90[18] mm2; age-adjusted p=.008) and thinner cortex (Ct.Th 0.858[0.202] vs. 1.031[0.217] mm; p=.043) at the tibia. Similar differences were observed at the radius (Ct.Ar 33[12] vs. 43[10] mm2; p=.002; Ct.Th 0.642[0.175] vs. 0.779[0.157] mm; p=.005). Additionally, compared with the obesity plus LALM group, the LALM group showed lower Ct.Ar, Ct.Th, total volumetric bone density (Tt.vBMD), and trabecular number (Tb.N), along with greater trabecular area (Tb.Ar) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) at the radius. Bone strength was significantly lower in the LALM group than in the obesity and obesity plus LALM groups.CONCLUSIONSAmong pre-frail and frail older women, obesity was associated with favorable cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture than those with low muscle mass without obesity, suggesting that excess adiposity may partially mitigate skeletal deterioration. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the impact of body composition on fracture risk in frail adults.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikaela A Drewel,Sarah Schwartz,Gail B Rattinger,Mona Buhusi,JoAnn T Tschanz
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-recognized risk factor for late-life cognitive decline. However, few studies have examined individual differences in sex and genetics, which may modify risk. We examined sex differences in gene-TBI interactions for dementia risk genes apolipoprotein E (APOE) and selected brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in predicting late-life cognitive decline. We studied 4,293 individuals without dementia at baseline (mean age 74.93, SD 6.87 years, 57% female). Approximately 25% reported a history of TBI. Linear mixed effects models examined associations between sex, TBI characteristics, APOE genotype, BDNF SNPs and their interactions, with cognitive decline. Compared to males, females experienced fewer TBIs across the lifespan, the majority occurring in late-life. Number of TBI interacted with sex and APOE genotype such that female APOE ε4 allele carriers with multiple TBIs exhibited worse outcomes on global cognition [P < .001; e.g., ε4+/TBI2+ estimated marginal means (EMMs) from baseline to year 10 = -17.22 points compared to ε4-/TBI2 + = -7.21], whereas males did not exhibit differential decline by APOE ε4 alleles and TBI number. BDNF Val66Met genotype showed trend-level moderation of TBI history and cognitive decline, with slower decline experienced by heterozygous individuals with multiple TBIs compared to homozygous major allele carriers. There were few significant associations between timing and severity of TBI with cognitive outcomes. These results underscore the importance of considering individual differences of sex and APOE and BDNF-related gene variants on the long-term cognitive effects of TBI.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Genetic Modifiers of Traumatic Brain Injury and Late-Life Cognitive Decline: The Cache County Study.","authors":"Mikaela A Drewel,Sarah Schwartz,Gail B Rattinger,Mona Buhusi,JoAnn T Tschanz","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag011","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-recognized risk factor for late-life cognitive decline. However, few studies have examined individual differences in sex and genetics, which may modify risk. We examined sex differences in gene-TBI interactions for dementia risk genes apolipoprotein E (APOE) and selected brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in predicting late-life cognitive decline. We studied 4,293 individuals without dementia at baseline (mean age 74.93, SD 6.87 years, 57% female). Approximately 25% reported a history of TBI. Linear mixed effects models examined associations between sex, TBI characteristics, APOE genotype, BDNF SNPs and their interactions, with cognitive decline. Compared to males, females experienced fewer TBIs across the lifespan, the majority occurring in late-life. Number of TBI interacted with sex and APOE genotype such that female APOE ε4 allele carriers with multiple TBIs exhibited worse outcomes on global cognition [P < .001; e.g., ε4+/TBI2+ estimated marginal means (EMMs) from baseline to year 10 = -17.22 points compared to ε4-/TBI2 + = -7.21], whereas males did not exhibit differential decline by APOE ε4 alleles and TBI number. BDNF Val66Met genotype showed trend-level moderation of TBI history and cognitive decline, with slower decline experienced by heterozygous individuals with multiple TBIs compared to homozygous major allele carriers. There were few significant associations between timing and severity of TBI with cognitive outcomes. These results underscore the importance of considering individual differences of sex and APOE and BDNF-related gene variants on the long-term cognitive effects of TBI.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuai Liu,Guangquan Ran,Yan Wang,Jieyuan Zhang,Danping Liu
BACKGROUNDThe Frailty Index of Accumulative Deficits (FI-CD) is a key predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults, but its utility for cross-study comparisons is limited due to assumptions of item homogeneity.METHODSWe constructed a Frailty Index based on Item Response Theory (FI-IRT) in frailty measures, including 51 health-related variables, in older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2020, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2010-2020, and the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) 2010-2020. A two-parameter logistic (2PL) model estimated FI-IRT scores, and Cox/logistic regression assessed its associations with mortality. Several analyses tested its robustness to the variable set and population selection.RESULTSThe FI-IRT followed a slightly right-skewed, approximately normal distribution, with frailty prevalence of 16.3% (CHARLS), 28.5% (HRS), and 15.5% (SHARE). The FI-IRT showed a high level of agreement with the FI-CD, both on a continuous scale and a hierarchical scale. A higher FI-IRT was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality across all three cohorts (hazard ratios: 1.81-2.38, P < 0.001). When domain-specific variables were excluded, the FI-IRT continued to offer relatively stable estimations (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.934; 95% CI: 0.933-0.934; P < 0.001). A high degree of consistency was observed between the FI-IRTs calculated from models constructed based on different subpopulations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients: 0.971-0.999, P < 0.001; intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.945; 95%CI: 0.850-0.972; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe FI-IRT provides a useful, robust, and cross-study comparable measure of frailty.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Cross-Study Comparable Frailty Index based on Item Response Theory: Insights from Three Prospective Cohorts.","authors":"Shuai Liu,Guangquan Ran,Yan Wang,Jieyuan Zhang,Danping Liu","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag005","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe Frailty Index of Accumulative Deficits (FI-CD) is a key predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults, but its utility for cross-study comparisons is limited due to assumptions of item homogeneity.METHODSWe constructed a Frailty Index based on Item Response Theory (FI-IRT) in frailty measures, including 51 health-related variables, in older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2020, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2010-2020, and the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) 2010-2020. A two-parameter logistic (2PL) model estimated FI-IRT scores, and Cox/logistic regression assessed its associations with mortality. Several analyses tested its robustness to the variable set and population selection.RESULTSThe FI-IRT followed a slightly right-skewed, approximately normal distribution, with frailty prevalence of 16.3% (CHARLS), 28.5% (HRS), and 15.5% (SHARE). The FI-IRT showed a high level of agreement with the FI-CD, both on a continuous scale and a hierarchical scale. A higher FI-IRT was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality across all three cohorts (hazard ratios: 1.81-2.38, P < 0.001). When domain-specific variables were excluded, the FI-IRT continued to offer relatively stable estimations (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.934; 95% CI: 0.933-0.934; P < 0.001). A high degree of consistency was observed between the FI-IRTs calculated from models constructed based on different subpopulations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients: 0.971-0.999, P < 0.001; intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.945; 95%CI: 0.850-0.972; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe FI-IRT provides a useful, robust, and cross-study comparable measure of frailty.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the impact of heterochronic plasma exchange between young and aged rats on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lung histology. Twenty-four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.5 mL of young plasma intravenously daily for 30 days, while 8-week-old rats received 0.25 mL of aged plasma. After treatment, lung tissues were analyzed histologically, biochemically, and molecularly. Quantitative PCR showed that young plasma markedly upregulated antioxidant defenses, with SOD and CAT expression increasing by ∼2.5-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively (p < 0.01), accompanied by higher SOD and GPX enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Additional antioxidant genes (GR, GST, TXN/TXNR) were also significantly upregulated, confirming a broad activation of the antioxidant network. In contrast, aged plasma suppressed antioxidant responses, reducing CAT activity by ∼35% (p < 0.01) and similarly decreasing other enzymes. Histological analyses revealed preserved alveolar structure, thinner septa, and reduced inflammation in old + young plasma rats, while young + old plasma transfer caused structural deterioration. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased GPX, SOD, and CAT expression in aged rats receiving young plasma, consistent with transcriptional and protein-level activation. Moreover, heterochronic plasma exchange attenuated collagen accumulation, suggesting reduced fibrillar matrix deposition, and restored the balance between alveolar epithelial Type I (AT1) and Type II (AT2) cells, indicating improved epithelial homeostasis. Toluidine Blue staining showed decreased mast-cell density after young plasma treatment (p < 0.05), reinforcing its anti-inflammatory effect. Overall, young plasma exerts regenerative and anti-inflammatory actions in the aged lung, highlighting it as a key target of systemic rejuvenation.
{"title":"Young plasma transfer enhances antioxidant defense and preserves structural integrity in aged lung tissue.","authors":"Özlem Düvenci Birben,Hikmet Taner Teker,Seda Keskin,Burcu Baba,Enver Fehim Koçpınar,Vesila Yıldırım,Sevcan Kabayer,Neslihan Külahlıoğlu,Taha Ceylani","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag007","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the impact of heterochronic plasma exchange between young and aged rats on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lung histology. Twenty-four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.5 mL of young plasma intravenously daily for 30 days, while 8-week-old rats received 0.25 mL of aged plasma. After treatment, lung tissues were analyzed histologically, biochemically, and molecularly. Quantitative PCR showed that young plasma markedly upregulated antioxidant defenses, with SOD and CAT expression increasing by ∼2.5-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively (p < 0.01), accompanied by higher SOD and GPX enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Additional antioxidant genes (GR, GST, TXN/TXNR) were also significantly upregulated, confirming a broad activation of the antioxidant network. In contrast, aged plasma suppressed antioxidant responses, reducing CAT activity by ∼35% (p < 0.01) and similarly decreasing other enzymes. Histological analyses revealed preserved alveolar structure, thinner septa, and reduced inflammation in old + young plasma rats, while young + old plasma transfer caused structural deterioration. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased GPX, SOD, and CAT expression in aged rats receiving young plasma, consistent with transcriptional and protein-level activation. Moreover, heterochronic plasma exchange attenuated collagen accumulation, suggesting reduced fibrillar matrix deposition, and restored the balance between alveolar epithelial Type I (AT1) and Type II (AT2) cells, indicating improved epithelial homeostasis. Toluidine Blue staining showed decreased mast-cell density after young plasma treatment (p < 0.05), reinforcing its anti-inflammatory effect. Overall, young plasma exerts regenerative and anti-inflammatory actions in the aged lung, highlighting it as a key target of systemic rejuvenation.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDOral frailty may be associated with adverse health outcomes; however, its long-term impact on psychological well-being and cognitive function remains unclear. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between oral frailty and trajectories of subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.METHODSWe conducted a 12-year prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Kashiwa, Japan. Oral frailty was assessed using items corresponding to Oral Frailty 5-item checklist (OF-5). Outcomes included the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, Geriatric Depression Scale-5, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), operationally defined as a screening-based outcome using an MMSE cut-off ≤27. All OF-5 components and outcomes were measured across seven waves (2012-2024). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine longitudinal associations.RESULTSA total of 1,679 participants (mean age 72.7 ± 5.5 years, 49.5% female) were included.Baseline oral frailty was associated with lower subjective well-being (adjusted β = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.77 to - 0.17) and higher depressive symptoms (adjusted β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.19), while time-varying oral frailty showed consistent concurrent associations with both outcomes. Only baseline oral frailty was associated with an increased risk of MCI (adjusted risk ratio, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.38).CONCLUSIONSOral frailty has sustained adverse effects on mental well-being and is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive decline. Oral frailty may represent a potential target for interventions aimed at supporting mental and cognitive health in aging populations.
{"title":"Oral Frailty and the Trajectories of Psychological Well-being and Cognitive Function: Findings from the 12-Year Community-based Kashiwa Study.","authors":"Tomoki Tanaka,Weida Lyu,Hirohiko Hirano,Maki Shirobe,Katsuya Iijima","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDOral frailty may be associated with adverse health outcomes; however, its long-term impact on psychological well-being and cognitive function remains unclear. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between oral frailty and trajectories of subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.METHODSWe conducted a 12-year prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Kashiwa, Japan. Oral frailty was assessed using items corresponding to Oral Frailty 5-item checklist (OF-5). Outcomes included the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, Geriatric Depression Scale-5, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), operationally defined as a screening-based outcome using an MMSE cut-off ≤27. All OF-5 components and outcomes were measured across seven waves (2012-2024). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine longitudinal associations.RESULTSA total of 1,679 participants (mean age 72.7 ± 5.5 years, 49.5% female) were included.Baseline oral frailty was associated with lower subjective well-being (adjusted β = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.77 to - 0.17) and higher depressive symptoms (adjusted β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.19), while time-varying oral frailty showed consistent concurrent associations with both outcomes. Only baseline oral frailty was associated with an increased risk of MCI (adjusted risk ratio, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.38).CONCLUSIONSOral frailty has sustained adverse effects on mental well-being and is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive decline. Oral frailty may represent a potential target for interventions aimed at supporting mental and cognitive health in aging populations.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caterina Trevisan,Francesca Remelli,Stefania Bandinelli,Maria C Corti,Giuseppe Sergi,Davide Atti,Marianna Noale,Stefania Maggi,Jack M Guralnik,Luigi Ferrucci,Stefano Volpato
BACKGROUNDSkeletal muscle dysfunction contributes significantly to disability, which is one of the most common complications of diabetes in older adults. We aimed to assess whether diabetes was associated with a steeper muscle strength decline, and whether lower strength is related to a higher diabetes incidence in older adults.METHODSA prospective analysis of data from two Italian population-based studies in older adults (the Invecchiare in Chianti and Progetto Veneto Anziani studies). Diabetes was assessed at baseline and after a median of 4.4 (first follow-up) and 6.3 years (second follow-up) using multiple sources of information. Muscle function was assessed as handgrip strength.RESULTSThe sample comprised 3927 participants (58.6% females) with a mean age of 75.5 years (29.6% aged ≥80 years). After adjusting for potential confounders, the decline in muscle strength among individuals with diabetes exceeded that of those without diabetes by 0.70 kg (95% CI: -1.30 to - 0.11) at the first follow-up and by 0.84 kg (95% CI: -1.61 to - 0.07) at the second follow-up. In those taking oral antidiabetics, this association was even stronger. Over a median 5-year follow-up, 186 incident diabetes cases were recorded. In a multivariable Cox regression, each 1-SD higher in the handgrip/body weight ratio was associated with an 20% lower likelihood of incident diabetes (95%CI 0.68-0.95, n = 3102).CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate an independent circular relationship between diabetes and skeletal muscle strength. In older people, muscle dysfunction may be a long-term diabetes complication. Whether increasing muscle strength might reduce diabetes risk remains to be determined.
背景：骨骼肌功能障碍是老年人糖尿病最常见的并发症之一。我们的目的是评估糖尿病是否与肌肉力量的急剧下降有关，以及较低的肌肉力量是否与老年人较高的糖尿病发病率有关。方法前瞻性分析意大利两项基于人群的老年人研究数据（Chianti的Invecchiare和Progetto Veneto Anziani研究）。使用多种信息来源，在基线和中位数4.4年（第一次随访）和6.3年（第二次随访）后对糖尿病进行评估。肌肉功能以握力评估。结果3927名参与者（58.6%为女性），平均年龄75.5岁（29.6%为≥80岁）。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，糖尿病患者肌肉力量的下降在第一次随访时比非糖尿病患者多0.70 kg (95% CI: -1.30至- 0.11)，在第二次随访时比非糖尿病患者多0.84 kg （95% CI: -1.61至- 0.07）。在服用口服抗糖尿病药物的患者中，这种关联甚至更强。在平均5年的随访中，记录了186例糖尿病病例。在多变量Cox回归中，握力/体重比值每升高1个标准差，发生糖尿病的可能性降低20% （95%CI 0.68-0.95, n = 3102）。结论糖尿病与骨骼肌力量之间存在独立的循环关系。在老年人中，肌肉功能障碍可能是糖尿病的长期并发症。增加肌肉力量是否能降低患糖尿病的风险仍有待确定。
{"title":"The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and poor muscle function in older adults: data from two population-based studies.","authors":"Caterina Trevisan,Francesca Remelli,Stefania Bandinelli,Maria C Corti,Giuseppe Sergi,Davide Atti,Marianna Noale,Stefania Maggi,Jack M Guralnik,Luigi Ferrucci,Stefano Volpato","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag004","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSkeletal muscle dysfunction contributes significantly to disability, which is one of the most common complications of diabetes in older adults. We aimed to assess whether diabetes was associated with a steeper muscle strength decline, and whether lower strength is related to a higher diabetes incidence in older adults.METHODSA prospective analysis of data from two Italian population-based studies in older adults (the Invecchiare in Chianti and Progetto Veneto Anziani studies). Diabetes was assessed at baseline and after a median of 4.4 (first follow-up) and 6.3 years (second follow-up) using multiple sources of information. Muscle function was assessed as handgrip strength.RESULTSThe sample comprised 3927 participants (58.6% females) with a mean age of 75.5 years (29.6% aged ≥80 years). After adjusting for potential confounders, the decline in muscle strength among individuals with diabetes exceeded that of those without diabetes by 0.70 kg (95% CI: -1.30 to - 0.11) at the first follow-up and by 0.84 kg (95% CI: -1.61 to - 0.07) at the second follow-up. In those taking oral antidiabetics, this association was even stronger. Over a median 5-year follow-up, 186 incident diabetes cases were recorded. In a multivariable Cox regression, each 1-SD higher in the handgrip/body weight ratio was associated with an 20% lower likelihood of incident diabetes (95%CI 0.68-0.95, n = 3102).CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate an independent circular relationship between diabetes and skeletal muscle strength. In older people, muscle dysfunction may be a long-term diabetes complication. Whether increasing muscle strength might reduce diabetes risk remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasser Karam,Leia C Shum,Tamim Faruk,Twinkle Arora,Caitlin Mcarthur,Charlene H Chu,Katherine S Mcgilton,Alastair J Flint,Andrew Lim,Shehroz S Khan,Andrea Iaboni
BACKGROUNDDisrupted sleep and circadian rhythms in dementia affect rest-activity patterns and impact quality of life, safety, and caregiver burden. The objective of this study is to extend the application of real-time location system (RTLS) technology from nurse call and elopement prevention systems to measuring digital markers and phenotypes of rest-activity in people with advanced dementia in residential care.METHODSWrist-worn RTLS devices continuously tracked location for up to 16 weeks in 47 participants (21 women, mean age 80.1 years) on a specialized dementia unit. Distance moved in 15-minute windows was used to derive digital markers including parametric and non-parametric features. Panel and mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical assessments and RTLS-based digital markers and phenotypes of rest-activity rhythm.RESULTSHigher activity intensity was correlated with increased clinical motor agitation scores, and disrupted rhythmicity and reduced time in bed were associated with difficulty falling sleep and increased nighttime motor agitation. Unsupervised machine learning identified six distinct rest-activity phenotypes over one-week periods. These phenotypes include high time in bed, well-regulated, low stability, severe rhythm disturbance, nighttime active, and a highly active individual. Phenotypes differed by age, cognition, mood disturbance, and functional status. Increased activity intensity, decreased rhythmicity, and less nighttime time in bed were associated with higher motor agitation and sleep disruption.CONCLUSIONSRTLS-derived rest-activity markers and phenotypes were associated with changes in clinical assessments over time and may support data-driven, evidence-based dementia care.
{"title":"Digital markers and phenotypes of rest-activity rhythms in people with advanced dementia using real-time location data.","authors":"Yasser Karam,Leia C Shum,Tamim Faruk,Twinkle Arora,Caitlin Mcarthur,Charlene H Chu,Katherine S Mcgilton,Alastair J Flint,Andrew Lim,Shehroz S Khan,Andrea Iaboni","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf288","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDisrupted sleep and circadian rhythms in dementia affect rest-activity patterns and impact quality of life, safety, and caregiver burden. The objective of this study is to extend the application of real-time location system (RTLS) technology from nurse call and elopement prevention systems to measuring digital markers and phenotypes of rest-activity in people with advanced dementia in residential care.METHODSWrist-worn RTLS devices continuously tracked location for up to 16 weeks in 47 participants (21 women, mean age 80.1 years) on a specialized dementia unit. Distance moved in 15-minute windows was used to derive digital markers including parametric and non-parametric features. Panel and mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical assessments and RTLS-based digital markers and phenotypes of rest-activity rhythm.RESULTSHigher activity intensity was correlated with increased clinical motor agitation scores, and disrupted rhythmicity and reduced time in bed were associated with difficulty falling sleep and increased nighttime motor agitation. Unsupervised machine learning identified six distinct rest-activity phenotypes over one-week periods. These phenotypes include high time in bed, well-regulated, low stability, severe rhythm disturbance, nighttime active, and a highly active individual. Phenotypes differed by age, cognition, mood disturbance, and functional status. Increased activity intensity, decreased rhythmicity, and less nighttime time in bed were associated with higher motor agitation and sleep disruption.CONCLUSIONSRTLS-derived rest-activity markers and phenotypes were associated with changes in clinical assessments over time and may support data-driven, evidence-based dementia care.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongmei Li,Michael A Steinman,Sei J Lee,Laura A Graham,Bocheng Jing,Chintan Dave,Xiaojuan Liu,Christine K Liu,Kathy Z Fung,Michelle C Odden
BACKGROUNDThe Veterans Affairs Frailty Index (VA-FI) has been implemented in subgroups of U.S. Veterans. The objectives were to operationalize the VA-FI in long-term care residents and examine its associations with mortality, falls, and fractures.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study included Veterans ≥65 years who stayed ≥90 days in Community Living Centers (CLCs). We calculated the VA-FI by dividing the count of health deficits by 31. We categorized the residents in 4 groups: non/pre-frail, mildly, moderately and severely frail. Mortality, the first events of falls and fractures were examined with a 1-year follow-up. Cox regression and Fine-Gray competing-risk models were fit to assess associations between frailty and outcomes.RESULTSAmong 45 183 CLC residents, 12.2% were non/pre-frail, 24.2%, 28.8%, and 34.8% were mildly, moderately and severely frail. With increasing frailty severity, rates of mortality, falls and fractures ranged respectively from 65.3 to 59.0, 13.1 to 18.8, and 1.9 to 2.2 per 100 person-years. Relative to the non/pre-frail, residents with mild, moderate and severe frailty had lower rates of death (HRs [95% CIs]: 0.88 [0.84-0.92], 0.87 [0.83-0.91], 0.90 [0.85-0.94]), higher rates of falls (SHRs [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.10-1.43], 1.32 [1.17-1.50], 1.29 [1.14-1.46]) and fractures (1.29 [0.92-1.81], 1.47 [1.06-2.04], 1.45 [1.04-2.02]).CONCLUSIONSFrailty was highly prevalent in Veterans receiving long-term care in CLCs and was associated with higher rates of falls and fractures. Frail residents had a lower rate of mortality compared with their non/pre-frail counterparts. Length of stay, confounded by unobserved factors, and collider bias could potentially serve as explanations for this counterintuitive finding.
{"title":"Frailty and outcomes in VA long-term care residents.","authors":"Yongmei Li,Michael A Steinman,Sei J Lee,Laura A Graham,Bocheng Jing,Chintan Dave,Xiaojuan Liu,Christine K Liu,Kathy Z Fung,Michelle C Odden","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf263","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe Veterans Affairs Frailty Index (VA-FI) has been implemented in subgroups of U.S. Veterans. The objectives were to operationalize the VA-FI in long-term care residents and examine its associations with mortality, falls, and fractures.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study included Veterans ≥65 years who stayed ≥90 days in Community Living Centers (CLCs). We calculated the VA-FI by dividing the count of health deficits by 31. We categorized the residents in 4 groups: non/pre-frail, mildly, moderately and severely frail. Mortality, the first events of falls and fractures were examined with a 1-year follow-up. Cox regression and Fine-Gray competing-risk models were fit to assess associations between frailty and outcomes.RESULTSAmong 45 183 CLC residents, 12.2% were non/pre-frail, 24.2%, 28.8%, and 34.8% were mildly, moderately and severely frail. With increasing frailty severity, rates of mortality, falls and fractures ranged respectively from 65.3 to 59.0, 13.1 to 18.8, and 1.9 to 2.2 per 100 person-years. Relative to the non/pre-frail, residents with mild, moderate and severe frailty had lower rates of death (HRs [95% CIs]: 0.88 [0.84-0.92], 0.87 [0.83-0.91], 0.90 [0.85-0.94]), higher rates of falls (SHRs [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.10-1.43], 1.32 [1.17-1.50], 1.29 [1.14-1.46]) and fractures (1.29 [0.92-1.81], 1.47 [1.06-2.04], 1.45 [1.04-2.02]).CONCLUSIONSFrailty was highly prevalent in Veterans receiving long-term care in CLCs and was associated with higher rates of falls and fractures. Frail residents had a lower rate of mortality compared with their non/pre-frail counterparts. Length of stay, confounded by unobserved factors, and collider bias could potentially serve as explanations for this counterintuitive finding.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, the role of enteric viruses remains underexplored. Here, we reanalyzed publicly available metagenomic datasets from two independent cohorts, including 79 PD patients and 79 controls, to characterize gut virome profiles and explore the potential role of enteric viruses in PD pathogenesis and early diagnosis. Our findings indicate increased richness and diversity of the gut virome in PD, with 640 vOTUs differing in abundance between groups. Notably, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were more abundant in PD patients. A variety of viruses enriched in PD or healthy subjects (HS) preferentially infect bacterial hosts that produce short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, specific viral functional orthologs, such as thymidylate synthase (K00560) and integrases (K14059), displayed notable differences in prevalence between PD-enriched and HS-enriched vOTUs. Finally, we constructed a random forest model using the top 22 most significant vOTUs, which achieved an AUC of 0.822, demonstrating strong performance in distinguishing PD patients from healthy controls. This is the first study to characterize the gut virome profile in PD, laying a robust foundation for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms and early diagnosis strategies for PD as well as other neurodegenerative disorders.
{"title":"Alterations of the gut virome in patients with Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Wei Chen,Ruochun Guo,Wei Zhang,Xiaoting Wang,Renzhi Chen,Xingxing Hu,Jianqi Liang,Guorui Xing,Dandan Xu,Xiaoyan Ma,Qiang Chen,Shanshan Sha,Erning Tao,Lin Cheng,Shao Fan,Hengming Liu,Tong Lu,Hailong Yu,Jinwen Su,Jie Xu,Yi Qin,Jinping Liu,Xueyan Zhong,Xihong Hu,Xiaohui Hu,Wenxu Zheng,Zengchun Hu,Qiulong Yan,Jian Kang,Jijun Yang","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag001","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, the role of enteric viruses remains underexplored. Here, we reanalyzed publicly available metagenomic datasets from two independent cohorts, including 79 PD patients and 79 controls, to characterize gut virome profiles and explore the potential role of enteric viruses in PD pathogenesis and early diagnosis. Our findings indicate increased richness and diversity of the gut virome in PD, with 640 vOTUs differing in abundance between groups. Notably, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were more abundant in PD patients. A variety of viruses enriched in PD or healthy subjects (HS) preferentially infect bacterial hosts that produce short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, specific viral functional orthologs, such as thymidylate synthase (K00560) and integrases (K14059), displayed notable differences in prevalence between PD-enriched and HS-enriched vOTUs. Finally, we constructed a random forest model using the top 22 most significant vOTUs, which achieved an AUC of 0.822, demonstrating strong performance in distinguishing PD patients from healthy controls. This is the first study to characterize the gut virome profile in PD, laying a robust foundation for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms and early diagnosis strategies for PD as well as other neurodegenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：