Mario Delgado-Velandia, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Adrián Carballo-Casla, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Background Oral vitamin C supplementation has been associated with lower risk of chronic postsurgical pain. However, the effect of dietary vitamin C on pain in a non-surgical setting is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and changes over time in chronic pain and its characteristics in community-dwelling adults aged 60+ years. Methods We pooled data from participants of the Seniors-ENRICA-1 (n=864) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (n=862) cohorts who reported pain at baseline or at follow-up. Habitual diet was assessed with a face-to-face diet history and dietary vitamin C intake was estimated using standard food composition tables. Pain changes over time were the difference between scores at baseline and follow-up obtained from a pain scale that considered the frequency, severity, and number of pain locations. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR) were obtained using multinomial logistic regression. Results After a median follow-up of 2.6 years, pain worsened for 696 (40.3%) participants, improved for 734 (42.5%), and did not change for 296 (17.2%). Compared to the lowest tertile of energy-adjusted vitamin C intake, those in the highest tertile had a higher likelihood of overall pain improvement (RRR 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.07–2.41],p-trend 0.02). Higher vitamin C intake was also associated with lower pain frequency (1.57 [1.00–2.47],p-trend=0.05) and number of pain locations (1.75 [1.13–2.70],p-trend=0.01). Conclusions Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with improvement of pain and with lower pain frequency and number of pain locations in older adults. Nutritional interventions to increase dietary vitamin C intake with the aim of improving pain management require clinical testing.
背景 口服维生素 C 补充剂与降低手术后慢性疼痛风险有关。然而，膳食维生素 C 对非手术环境下疼痛的影响尚不清楚。我们的目的是调查 60 岁以上居住在社区的成年人膳食维生素 C 摄入量与慢性疼痛随时间推移的变化及其特征之间的关系。方法 我们汇总了老年人-ENRICA-1（n=864）和老年人-ENRICA-2（n=862）队列中在基线或随访时报告疼痛的参与者的数据。通过面对面的饮食史评估习惯性饮食，并使用标准食物成分表估算膳食中维生素 C 的摄入量。疼痛随时间的变化是指基线和随访时通过疼痛量表获得的评分之间的差异，该量表考虑了疼痛的频率、严重程度和疼痛部位的数量。多变量调整相对风险比（RRR）采用多叉逻辑回归法得出。结果 在中位随访 2.6 年后，696 人（40.3%）的疼痛有所加重，734 人（42.5%）的疼痛有所改善，296 人（17.2%）的疼痛没有变化。与能量调整维生素 C 摄入量最低的三等分组相比，维生素 C 摄入量最高的三等分组总体疼痛改善的可能性更高（RRR 1.61 [95% 置信区间 1.07-2.41]，P-趋势 0.02）。维生素 C 摄入量越高，疼痛频率（1.57 [1.00-2.47]，p-趋势=0.05）和疼痛部位数量（1.75 [1.13-2.70]，p-趋势=0.01）也越低。结论 膳食中维生素 C 摄入量的增加与老年人疼痛的改善以及疼痛频率和疼痛部位数量的减少有关。为改善疼痛管理而增加膳食维生素 C 摄入量的营养干预措施需要进行临床试验。
{"title":"Dietary vitamin C intake and changes in frequency, severity, and location of pain in older adults","authors":"Mario Delgado-Velandia, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Adrián Carballo-Casla, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae093","url":null,"abstract":"Background Oral vitamin C supplementation has been associated with lower risk of chronic postsurgical pain. However, the effect of dietary vitamin C on pain in a non-surgical setting is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and changes over time in chronic pain and its characteristics in community-dwelling adults aged 60+ years. Methods We pooled data from participants of the Seniors-ENRICA-1 (n=864) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (n=862) cohorts who reported pain at baseline or at follow-up. Habitual diet was assessed with a face-to-face diet history and dietary vitamin C intake was estimated using standard food composition tables. Pain changes over time were the difference between scores at baseline and follow-up obtained from a pain scale that considered the frequency, severity, and number of pain locations. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR) were obtained using multinomial logistic regression. Results After a median follow-up of 2.6 years, pain worsened for 696 (40.3%) participants, improved for 734 (42.5%), and did not change for 296 (17.2%). Compared to the lowest tertile of energy-adjusted vitamin C intake, those in the highest tertile had a higher likelihood of overall pain improvement (RRR 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.07–2.41],p-trend 0.02). Higher vitamin C intake was also associated with lower pain frequency (1.57 [1.00–2.47],p-trend=0.05) and number of pain locations (1.75 [1.13–2.70],p-trend=0.01). Conclusions Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with improvement of pain and with lower pain frequency and number of pain locations in older adults. Nutritional interventions to increase dietary vitamin C intake with the aim of improving pain management require clinical testing.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel N Logue Cook, Matthew A Davis, Rebecca E Hasson, Dominique Kinnett-Hopkins, Susan H Brown
Background The development of disability related to activities of daily living (ADL) is of great concern in the aging population, particularly for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic (NH) Black older adults, where disability prevalence is greater compared to NH Whites. ADL-disability is typically measured across many functional tasks without differentiating upper- versus lower-limb limitations, hindering our understanding of disability burden. Despite the importance of the upper limbs for completing ADL and known age-related declines in function, racial/ethnic differences in upper limb function remain largely unknown. Methods We identified 4,292 NH White, NH Black, and Mexican American older adults (≥65) from the 2011-2018 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We classified participants as having a limitation based on their ability to complete five upper limb tasks (preparing meals, eating, dressing, reaching overhead, grasping small objects) and compared limitation rates across racial/ethnic groups. Results Compared to NH Whites, NH Black older adults had significantly greater odds of reporting difficulties preparing meals (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.86) and dressing (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.02), while Mexican Americans had greater difficulty preparing meals (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.58), dressing (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.36), and grasping small objects (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.07). Conclusions Our results demonstrate differences in self-reported upper limb ADL-disability across racial/ethnic groups, particularly for Mexican American older adults. Such findings underscore the need for routine monitoring of upper limb function throughout adulthood to identify limitations and target therapeutic interventions before independence is compromised.
{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Upper Limb Limitations among U.S. Older Adults","authors":"Rachel N Logue Cook, Matthew A Davis, Rebecca E Hasson, Dominique Kinnett-Hopkins, Susan H Brown","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae104","url":null,"abstract":"Background The development of disability related to activities of daily living (ADL) is of great concern in the aging population, particularly for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic (NH) Black older adults, where disability prevalence is greater compared to NH Whites. ADL-disability is typically measured across many functional tasks without differentiating upper- versus lower-limb limitations, hindering our understanding of disability burden. Despite the importance of the upper limbs for completing ADL and known age-related declines in function, racial/ethnic differences in upper limb function remain largely unknown. Methods We identified 4,292 NH White, NH Black, and Mexican American older adults (≥65) from the 2011-2018 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We classified participants as having a limitation based on their ability to complete five upper limb tasks (preparing meals, eating, dressing, reaching overhead, grasping small objects) and compared limitation rates across racial/ethnic groups. Results Compared to NH Whites, NH Black older adults had significantly greater odds of reporting difficulties preparing meals (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.86) and dressing (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.02), while Mexican Americans had greater difficulty preparing meals (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.58), dressing (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.36), and grasping small objects (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.07). Conclusions Our results demonstrate differences in self-reported upper limb ADL-disability across racial/ethnic groups, particularly for Mexican American older adults. Such findings underscore the need for routine monitoring of upper limb function throughout adulthood to identify limitations and target therapeutic interventions before independence is compromised.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background U.S.-focused studies have reported decreasing dementia prevalence in recent decades, but have not yet focused on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for trends. Methods We use the 2011-2021 National Health and Aging Trends Study (N=48,065) to examine dementia prevalence, incidence and mortality trends among adults ages 72 and older, and the contribution to prevalence trends of changes in the distribution of characteristics of the older population (“compositional shifts”) during the full and pre-pandemic periods. To minimize classification error, individuals must meet dementia criteria for two consecutive rounds. Results The prevalence of probable dementia declined from 11.9% in 2011 to 9.2% in 2019 and 8.2% in 2021 (3.1% average annual decline). Declines over the 2011-2021 period were concentrated among those ages 80-89 and non-Hispanic White individuals. Declines in dementia incidence were stronger for the 2011-2021 period than for the pre-pandemic period while mortality among those with dementia rose sharply with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shifts in the composition of the older population accounted for a smaller fraction of the decline over the full period (28%) than over the pre-pandemic period (45%). Conclusions Declines in dementia prevalence continued into years marked by onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with declines in incidence and sharp increases in mortality among those with dementia. However, declines are no longer largely attributable to compositional changes in the older population. Continued tracking of dementia prevalence, incidence and mortality among those with and without dementia is needed to understand long-run consequences of the pandemic.
{"title":"Dementia Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality Trends Among US Adults Ages 72 and Older, 2011-2021","authors":"Vicki A Freedman, Jennifer C Cornman","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae105","url":null,"abstract":"Background U.S.-focused studies have reported decreasing dementia prevalence in recent decades, but have not yet focused on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for trends. Methods We use the 2011-2021 National Health and Aging Trends Study (N=48,065) to examine dementia prevalence, incidence and mortality trends among adults ages 72 and older, and the contribution to prevalence trends of changes in the distribution of characteristics of the older population (“compositional shifts”) during the full and pre-pandemic periods. To minimize classification error, individuals must meet dementia criteria for two consecutive rounds. Results The prevalence of probable dementia declined from 11.9% in 2011 to 9.2% in 2019 and 8.2% in 2021 (3.1% average annual decline). Declines over the 2011-2021 period were concentrated among those ages 80-89 and non-Hispanic White individuals. Declines in dementia incidence were stronger for the 2011-2021 period than for the pre-pandemic period while mortality among those with dementia rose sharply with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shifts in the composition of the older population accounted for a smaller fraction of the decline over the full period (28%) than over the pre-pandemic period (45%). Conclusions Declines in dementia prevalence continued into years marked by onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with declines in incidence and sharp increases in mortality among those with dementia. However, declines are no longer largely attributable to compositional changes in the older population. Continued tracking of dementia prevalence, incidence and mortality among those with and without dementia is needed to understand long-run consequences of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Although the family plays a pivotal role in older adults’ care, there is limited research on how evolving demographic trends affect older adults’ support networks and how the trends vary by race. To fill this gap, we examine the influence of shifting family demographics on future care needs for older adults with dementia, emphasizing the unequal health and potential caregiving burdens by race in the U.S. Methods Using demographic models of kinship, we estimate the availability of potential caregivers, and dementia prevalence among one’s kin by race, kin type, and the age of a focal person from 2000 to 2060. We introduce an index called the Dementia Dependency Ratio to assess dementia caregiving demands at the population level, taking into account the age and kinship structure of the population. Results Our findings suggest that Black individuals tend to have more children, grandchildren, and nieces/nephews as they age. However, Black individuals also tend to have more kin with dementia compared to their White counterparts. This elevated prevalence of dementia among Black kinship networks counterbalances the advantage of having more kin as potential caregivers. A further projection analysis suggests that the racial gap in caregiving demand within the kinship network will widen in the next four decades if the racial gap in dementia prevalence remains unchanged. Conclusions These findings emphasize the urgency of reducing racial inequality in dementia prevalence rates and increasing public support for families with extended members affected by dementia. With the shrinkage of nuclear families and population aging in the next few decades, extended family members may undertake more caregiving responsibilities for dementia. We call for a kinship perspective in understanding dementia care in future research.
{"title":"Kinship And Care: Racial Disparities In Potential Dementia Caregiving In The U.S. From 2000 To 2060","authors":"Kai Feng, Xi Song, Hal Caswell","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae106","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although the family plays a pivotal role in older adults’ care, there is limited research on how evolving demographic trends affect older adults’ support networks and how the trends vary by race. To fill this gap, we examine the influence of shifting family demographics on future care needs for older adults with dementia, emphasizing the unequal health and potential caregiving burdens by race in the U.S. Methods Using demographic models of kinship, we estimate the availability of potential caregivers, and dementia prevalence among one’s kin by race, kin type, and the age of a focal person from 2000 to 2060. We introduce an index called the Dementia Dependency Ratio to assess dementia caregiving demands at the population level, taking into account the age and kinship structure of the population. Results Our findings suggest that Black individuals tend to have more children, grandchildren, and nieces/nephews as they age. However, Black individuals also tend to have more kin with dementia compared to their White counterparts. This elevated prevalence of dementia among Black kinship networks counterbalances the advantage of having more kin as potential caregivers. A further projection analysis suggests that the racial gap in caregiving demand within the kinship network will widen in the next four decades if the racial gap in dementia prevalence remains unchanged. Conclusions These findings emphasize the urgency of reducing racial inequality in dementia prevalence rates and increasing public support for families with extended members affected by dementia. With the shrinkage of nuclear families and population aging in the next few decades, extended family members may undertake more caregiving responsibilities for dementia. We call for a kinship perspective in understanding dementia care in future research.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theresa Mau, Terri L Blackwell, Peggy M Cawthon, Anthony J A Molina, Paul M Coen, Giovanna Distefano, Philip A Kramer, Sofhia V Ramos, Daniel E Forman, Bret H Goodpaster, Frederico G S Toledo, Kate A Duchowny, Lauren M Sparks, Anne B Newman, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Steven R Cummings
Background The geroscience hypothesis posits that aging biological processes contribute to many age-related deficits, including the accumulation of multiple chronic diseases. Though only one facet of mitochondrial function, declines in muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities may contribute to this increased susceptibility to multimorbidity. Methods The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) assessed ex vivo muscle mitochondrial energetics in 764 older adults (mean age =76.4, 56.5% women, 85.9% non-Hispanic white) by high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized muscle fibers. We estimated the proportional odds ratio (POR [95%CI]) for the likelihood of greater multimorbidity (four levels: 0 conditions, N=332; 1 condition, N=299; 2 conditions, N=98; or 3+ conditions, N=35) from an index of 11 conditions, per SD decrement in muscle mitochondrial energetic parameters. Distribution of conditions allowed for testing the associations of maximal muscle energetics with some individual conditions. Results Lower oxidative phosphorylation supported by fatty acids and/or complex-I and -II linked carbohydrates (e.g., Max OXPHOSCI+CII) was associated with a greater multimorbidity index score (POR=1.32[1.13,1.54]) and separately with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.62[1.26,2.09]), depressive symptoms (OR=1.45[1.04,2.00]) and possibly chronic kidney disease (OR=1.57[0.98,2.52]) but not significantly with other conditions (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusions Lower muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities was associated with a worse composite multimorbidity index score. Our results suggest that decrements in muscle mitochondrial energetics may contribute to a greater global burden of disease and is more strongly related to some conditions than others.
{"title":"Muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities are associated with multimorbidity burden in older adults: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)","authors":"Theresa Mau, Terri L Blackwell, Peggy M Cawthon, Anthony J A Molina, Paul M Coen, Giovanna Distefano, Philip A Kramer, Sofhia V Ramos, Daniel E Forman, Bret H Goodpaster, Frederico G S Toledo, Kate A Duchowny, Lauren M Sparks, Anne B Newman, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Steven R Cummings","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae101","url":null,"abstract":"Background The geroscience hypothesis posits that aging biological processes contribute to many age-related deficits, including the accumulation of multiple chronic diseases. Though only one facet of mitochondrial function, declines in muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities may contribute to this increased susceptibility to multimorbidity. Methods The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) assessed ex vivo muscle mitochondrial energetics in 764 older adults (mean age =76.4, 56.5% women, 85.9% non-Hispanic white) by high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized muscle fibers. We estimated the proportional odds ratio (POR [95%CI]) for the likelihood of greater multimorbidity (four levels: 0 conditions, N=332; 1 condition, N=299; 2 conditions, N=98; or 3+ conditions, N=35) from an index of 11 conditions, per SD decrement in muscle mitochondrial energetic parameters. Distribution of conditions allowed for testing the associations of maximal muscle energetics with some individual conditions. Results Lower oxidative phosphorylation supported by fatty acids and/or complex-I and -II linked carbohydrates (e.g., Max OXPHOSCI+CII) was associated with a greater multimorbidity index score (POR=1.32[1.13,1.54]) and separately with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.62[1.26,2.09]), depressive symptoms (OR=1.45[1.04,2.00]) and possibly chronic kidney disease (OR=1.57[0.98,2.52]) but not significantly with other conditions (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusions Lower muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities was associated with a worse composite multimorbidity index score. Our results suggest that decrements in muscle mitochondrial energetics may contribute to a greater global burden of disease and is more strongly related to some conditions than others.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brittney S Lange-Maia, Maude Wagner, Christina A Rogers, Rupal I Mehta, David A Bennett, Christy Tangney, Michael E Schoeny, Shannon Halloway, Zoe Arvanitakis
High engagement in lifestyle health behaviors appears to be protective against cognitive decline in aging. We investigated the association between patterns of modifiable lifestyle health behaviors and common brain neuropathologies of dementia as a possible mechanism. We examined 555 decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, free of dementia at their initial concurrent report of lifestyle health behaviors of interest (physical, social, and cognitive activities, and healthy diet) and who underwent a postmortem neuropathology evaluation. First, we used latent profile analysis to group participants based on baseline behavior patterns. Second, we assessed the associations of profile membership with each neurodegenerative (global Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology, amyloid-beta load, density of neurofibrillary tangles, and presence of cortical Lewy bodies and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43] cytoplasmic inclusions) and neurovascular pathologies (presence of chronic gross or microscopic infarcts, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), using separate linear or logistic regression models, adjusted for age at death, and sex (core model) vascular disease risk factors, and vascular conditions (fully-adjusted model). Participants had either consistently lower (N=224) or consistently higher (N=331) engagement across four lifestyle health behaviors. We generally found no differences in neuropathologies between higher and lower engagement groups in core or fully-adjusted models; for example, higher engagement in lifestyle health behaviors was not associated with global AD pathology after core or full adjustment (both P>0.8). In conclusion, we found no evidence of associations between patterns of lifestyle health behaviors and neuropathology. Other mechanisms may underlie protective effects of health behaviors against dementia.
{"title":"Profiles of Lifestyle Health Behaviors and Postmortem Dementia-Related Neuropathology","authors":"Brittney S Lange-Maia, Maude Wagner, Christina A Rogers, Rupal I Mehta, David A Bennett, Christy Tangney, Michael E Schoeny, Shannon Halloway, Zoe Arvanitakis","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae100","url":null,"abstract":"High engagement in lifestyle health behaviors appears to be protective against cognitive decline in aging. We investigated the association between patterns of modifiable lifestyle health behaviors and common brain neuropathologies of dementia as a possible mechanism. We examined 555 decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, free of dementia at their initial concurrent report of lifestyle health behaviors of interest (physical, social, and cognitive activities, and healthy diet) and who underwent a postmortem neuropathology evaluation. First, we used latent profile analysis to group participants based on baseline behavior patterns. Second, we assessed the associations of profile membership with each neurodegenerative (global Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology, amyloid-beta load, density of neurofibrillary tangles, and presence of cortical Lewy bodies and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43] cytoplasmic inclusions) and neurovascular pathologies (presence of chronic gross or microscopic infarcts, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), using separate linear or logistic regression models, adjusted for age at death, and sex (core model) vascular disease risk factors, and vascular conditions (fully-adjusted model). Participants had either consistently lower (N=224) or consistently higher (N=331) engagement across four lifestyle health behaviors. We generally found no differences in neuropathologies between higher and lower engagement groups in core or fully-adjusted models; for example, higher engagement in lifestyle health behaviors was not associated with global AD pathology after core or full adjustment (both P>0.8). In conclusion, we found no evidence of associations between patterns of lifestyle health behaviors and neuropathology. Other mechanisms may underlie protective effects of health behaviors against dementia.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gargi Mahapatra, Zhengrong Gao, James R Bateman, Samuel Neal Lockhart, Jaclyn Bergstrom, Jemima Elizabeth Piloso, Suzanne Craft, Anthony J A Molina
Blood based mitochondrial bioenergetic profiling is a feasible, economical, and minimally invasive approach that can be used to examine mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in human subjects. In this study, we use two complementary respirometric techniques to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics in both intact and permeabilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets to examine sex dimorphism in mitochondrial function among older adults. Employing equal numbers of PBMCs and platelets to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics, we observe significantly higher respiration rates in female compared to male participants. Mitochondrial bioenergetic differences remain significant after controlling for independent parameters including demographic parameters (age, years of education), and cognitive parameters (mPACC5, COGDX). Our study illustrates that circulating blood cells, immune cells in particular, have distinctly different mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles between females and males. These differences should be taken into account as blood based bioenergetic profiling is now commonly used to understand the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human health and aging.
{"title":"Peripheral Blood Cells from Older Adults Exhibit Sex-Associated Differences in Mitochondrial Function","authors":"Gargi Mahapatra, Zhengrong Gao, James R Bateman, Samuel Neal Lockhart, Jaclyn Bergstrom, Jemima Elizabeth Piloso, Suzanne Craft, Anthony J A Molina","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae098","url":null,"abstract":"Blood based mitochondrial bioenergetic profiling is a feasible, economical, and minimally invasive approach that can be used to examine mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in human subjects. In this study, we use two complementary respirometric techniques to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics in both intact and permeabilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets to examine sex dimorphism in mitochondrial function among older adults. Employing equal numbers of PBMCs and platelets to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics, we observe significantly higher respiration rates in female compared to male participants. Mitochondrial bioenergetic differences remain significant after controlling for independent parameters including demographic parameters (age, years of education), and cognitive parameters (mPACC5, COGDX). Our study illustrates that circulating blood cells, immune cells in particular, have distinctly different mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles between females and males. These differences should be taken into account as blood based bioenergetic profiling is now commonly used to understand the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human health and aging.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fat is the main component of an adult bone marrow and constitutes the so-called bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Marrow adipocytes, which are the fat cells in the bone marrow, become more abundant with age, and may influence the whole-body metabolism. In osteoporotic patients, the amount of BMAT has an inverse correlation with the amount of bone mass. In people with anorexia nervosa that lose weight after the reduction of peripheral adipose tissues, BMAT expands. Although bone marrow adipocytes are increasingly recognized as a target for therapy, there is still much to learn about their role in skeletal homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, and regenerative treatments. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS), established in 2017, aims to enhance the understanding of how BMAT relates to bone health, cancer, and systemic metabolism. BMAS is committed to training young scientists and organized the second edition of the BMAS Summer School, held on September 4–6, 2023, as a virtual event.
{"title":"Abstracts BMAS Summer School 2023—2nd Bone Marrow Adiposity Society Summer School Meeting 2023","authors":"Biagio Palmisano, Michaela Tencerova","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glad282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glad282","url":null,"abstract":"Fat is the main component of an adult bone marrow and constitutes the so-called bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Marrow adipocytes, which are the fat cells in the bone marrow, become more abundant with age, and may influence the whole-body metabolism. In osteoporotic patients, the amount of BMAT has an inverse correlation with the amount of bone mass. In people with anorexia nervosa that lose weight after the reduction of peripheral adipose tissues, BMAT expands. Although bone marrow adipocytes are increasingly recognized as a target for therapy, there is still much to learn about their role in skeletal homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, and regenerative treatments. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS), established in 2017, aims to enhance the understanding of how BMAT relates to bone health, cancer, and systemic metabolism. BMAS is committed to training young scientists and organized the second edition of the BMAS Summer School, held on September 4–6, 2023, as a virtual event.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janie C DiNatale, Ian M McDonough, Amy C Ellis, Joy W Douglas, Kristine Yaffe, Kristi M Crowe-White
BACKGROUND Anticholinergic and sedative medications impact cognition among older adults. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) is a validated measure of exposure to these medications, with higher DBI scores indicating higher drug burden. This ancillary analysis investigated the association between DBI and cognition assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). METHODS The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study was a prospective study of community-dwelling adults ages 70-79 years at enrollment. Using data from years 1, 5, and 10, DBI was calculated using medication data per participant. Linear mixed modeling was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of DBI on 3MS and DSST. Adjusted models included biological sex, race, education level, APOE status, and death. Sensitivity analyses included testing the strength of the associations for each year and testing attrition due to death as a possible confounding factor via Cox-Proportional Hazard models. RESULTS After adjustment, DBI was inversely associated with 3MS and DSST scores. These associations became stronger in each subsequent year. Neither DBI at year 1 nor within-person change in DBI were predictive of longitudinal declines in either cognitive measure. Sensitivity analyses indicated that DBI, 3MS, and DSST were associated with a greater risk of attrition due to death. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that in years when older adults had a higher DBI scores, they had significantly lower global cognition and slower processing speed. These findings further substantiate the DBI as a useful pharmacological tool for assessing the effect of medication exposure.
{"title":"The Drug Burden Index is associated with Measures of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study","authors":"Janie C DiNatale, Ian M McDonough, Amy C Ellis, Joy W Douglas, Kristine Yaffe, Kristi M Crowe-White","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glae097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae097","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Anticholinergic and sedative medications impact cognition among older adults. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) is a validated measure of exposure to these medications, with higher DBI scores indicating higher drug burden. This ancillary analysis investigated the association between DBI and cognition assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). METHODS The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study was a prospective study of community-dwelling adults ages 70-79 years at enrollment. Using data from years 1, 5, and 10, DBI was calculated using medication data per participant. Linear mixed modeling was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of DBI on 3MS and DSST. Adjusted models included biological sex, race, education level, APOE status, and death. Sensitivity analyses included testing the strength of the associations for each year and testing attrition due to death as a possible confounding factor via Cox-Proportional Hazard models. RESULTS After adjustment, DBI was inversely associated with 3MS and DSST scores. These associations became stronger in each subsequent year. Neither DBI at year 1 nor within-person change in DBI were predictive of longitudinal declines in either cognitive measure. Sensitivity analyses indicated that DBI, 3MS, and DSST were associated with a greater risk of attrition due to death. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that in years when older adults had a higher DBI scores, they had significantly lower global cognition and slower processing speed. These findings further substantiate the DBI as a useful pharmacological tool for assessing the effect of medication exposure.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140349071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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