Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-13-26
Mykola B. Blyzniak
The article attempts to analyze the socio-economic issues surrounding the development of the city of Novy Ostropil as one of the urban settlements on the territory of south-eastern Volyn in the middle of the 18th century. During this period, the city received confirmation of royal privilege for self-government and continued to use it in solving everyday problems of Magdeburg law. Novy Ostropil was owned by Franzyshko-Ferdinand Lubomyrskyi, who leased it for three years to Barbara-Ursula Sangushko in the middle of the 18th century. For this purpose, the rental inventory of the city was compiled in 1751 and has survived to our time. Therefore, the city first became the object of the profits of its owners and tenants. The agricultural sector played a critical role in the life of the city. Based on the inventory, a detailed architectural image and layout and a list of the buildings in the stockade were restored. The latter were made of pine and oak wood, some elements were made of linden, and the roofs were covered with straw, etc. Among the buildings in the Filvark complex was "Izba", which housed Governor S. Chernetsky. Vinnytsia was one of the city's Filvark structure's profitable objects. The city worked in the city "Entrance" on "Khmelnytskyi Black Way", where its exterior and interior were presented. On the river, Sluch’s two mills are arranged according to two and three millstones with steps and foils. 201 households in the city were recorded in the inventory (86.5% were Christians and 13.5% were Jews). Ukrainians dominated here, followed by Poles, and there were the fewest Jews. The Jewish communities of Novy Ostropil and Old Ostropil did not create a single kagal. It was divided into two separate parts, each of which was part of the Kagali of the two nearest cities, Lubar and New Polonny. The number of Jews in Novy Ostropil during 1751–1765 decreased significantly. Based on the analysis of the inventory, it was possible to obtain separate information about the Ostropil artisans and professional classes of residents of this city. The profession of a shoemaker was among the most sought-after and popular, followed by coopers. The occupation of crafts did not yet give a full opportunity to break with agriculture. 9.5 percent of the city's residents had liberation from general payments and work. In exchange for this, they were engaged to perform certain functions in the structure of the city's economy. Townspeople living in tenements made up 9.5% of all residents of Novy Ostropil. They were exempted from general city boards and individual duties, but not all. Craftsmen and those engaged in crafts (carriers, millers, winemakers), church ministers, etc., dominated among the peasants. As a whole, in the economic development of the city, primacy belonged to the agricultural sector; therefore, Novy Ostropil should be interpreted as an insignificant urban centre of the agrarian type.
{"title":"THE CITY OF NOVY OSTROPIL IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 18TH CENTURY","authors":"Mykola B. Blyzniak","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-13-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-13-26","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the socio-economic issues surrounding the development of the city of Novy Ostropil as one of the urban settlements on the territory of south-eastern Volyn in the middle of the 18th century. During this period, the city received confirmation of royal privilege for self-government and continued to use it in solving everyday problems of Magdeburg law. Novy Ostropil was owned by Franzyshko-Ferdinand Lubomyrskyi, who leased it for three years to Barbara-Ursula Sangushko in the middle of the 18th century. For this purpose, the rental inventory of the city was compiled in 1751 and has survived to our time. Therefore, the city first became the object of the profits of its owners and tenants. The agricultural sector played a critical role in the life of the city. Based on the inventory, a detailed architectural image and layout and a list of the buildings in the stockade were restored. The latter were made of pine and oak wood, some elements were made of linden, and the roofs were covered with straw, etc. Among the buildings in the Filvark complex was \"Izba\", which housed Governor S. Chernetsky. Vinnytsia was one of the city's Filvark structure's profitable objects. The city worked in the city \"Entrance\" on \"Khmelnytskyi Black Way\", where its exterior and interior were presented. On the river, Sluch’s two mills are arranged according to two and three millstones with steps and foils. 201 households in the city were recorded in the inventory (86.5% were Christians and 13.5% were Jews). Ukrainians dominated here, followed by Poles, and there were the fewest Jews. The Jewish communities of Novy Ostropil and Old Ostropil did not create a single kagal. It was divided into two separate parts, each of which was part of the Kagali of the two nearest cities, Lubar and New Polonny. The number of Jews in Novy Ostropil during 1751–1765 decreased significantly. Based on the analysis of the inventory, it was possible to obtain separate information about the Ostropil artisans and professional classes of residents of this city. The profession of a shoemaker was among the most sought-after and popular, followed by coopers. The occupation of crafts did not yet give a full opportunity to break with agriculture. 9.5 percent of the city's residents had liberation from general payments and work. In exchange for this, they were engaged to perform certain functions in the structure of the city's economy. Townspeople living in tenements made up 9.5% of all residents of Novy Ostropil. They were exempted from general city boards and individual duties, but not all. Craftsmen and those engaged in crafts (carriers, millers, winemakers), church ministers, etc., dominated among the peasants. As a whole, in the economic development of the city, primacy belonged to the agricultural sector; therefore, Novy Ostropil should be interpreted as an insignificant urban centre of the agrarian type.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123140058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-138-143
S. Syniak
The article attempts to outline the incidents and conflicts that took place in the life of Polish paramilitary organizations in Volyn in 1921–1939. It was established that the most common form of resistance to Polish immigrants by the local population was attacks on colonists' farms. It was established that a large number of incidents and conflicts among Ukrainian youth fell on the Rifle Union. It is noted that the Polish military emigrants themselves were often aggressors in relation to the local population. From the very beginning, the resettlement of military settlers to a «foreign» territory was strongly opposed by the Ukrainian peasantry, which rightly did not want to share the land with former Polish soldiers. According to the documents of the State Archives of the Rivne and Volyn regions, in the period of the 20s – 30s of the 20th century. A large number of displaced persons turned to the police and the army with a request to provide weapons (pistols, rifles and even grenades) for self-defense of themselves and their families. It is worth noting that the squatters often appealed to the district elders with complaints about the local voyts and soltis, who insulted and even harassed the squatters and their work. This does not seem surprising, because almost most of the positions in the villages and towns were held by Ukrainians, who made up the majority, and whose attitude towards the Polish military and civilian immigrants was extremely negative. As a form of resistance, raids by local peasants of the settlement farms were extremely common in the Volyn Voivodeship. Polonization, the eradication of Ukrainian identity, multiplied by colonialist treatment, created the basis for the superior behavior of representatives of Polish paramilitary organizations.
{"title":"THE INCIDENTS AND CONFLICTS THAT TOOK PLACE IN THE LIFE OF POLISH PARAMILITARY ORGANIZATIONS IN VOLYN, 1921–1939","authors":"S. Syniak","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-138-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-138-143","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to outline the incidents and conflicts that took place in the life of Polish paramilitary organizations in Volyn in 1921–1939. It was established that the most common form of resistance to Polish immigrants by the local population was attacks on colonists' farms. It was established that a large number of incidents and conflicts among Ukrainian youth fell on the Rifle Union. It is noted that the Polish military emigrants themselves were often aggressors in relation to the local population. From the very beginning, the resettlement of military settlers to a «foreign» territory was strongly opposed by the Ukrainian peasantry, which rightly did not want to share the land with former Polish soldiers. According to the documents of the State Archives of the Rivne and Volyn regions, in the period of the 20s – 30s of the 20th century. A large number of displaced persons turned to the police and the army with a request to provide weapons (pistols, rifles and even grenades) for self-defense of themselves and their families. It is worth noting that the squatters often appealed to the district elders with complaints about the local voyts and soltis, who insulted and even harassed the squatters and their work. This does not seem surprising, because almost most of the positions in the villages and towns were held by Ukrainians, who made up the majority, and whose attitude towards the Polish military and civilian immigrants was extremely negative. As a form of resistance, raids by local peasants of the settlement farms were extremely common in the Volyn Voivodeship. Polonization, the eradication of Ukrainian identity, multiplied by colonialist treatment, created the basis for the superior behavior of representatives of Polish paramilitary organizations.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-27-31
G. Kucherov, Oksana Palyliulk
The article examines the process of formation of the cultural and educational society «Prosvita» in the village of Visoka Pich of Zhytomyr County in 1920. Considering the lack of any historical materials about the educational center on the Internet, this article is actually the first attempt to analyze archival materials and carry out a comprehensive study of the activities of rural educators. The circumstances of the formation of «Prosvita» are clarified, its educational activities are reflected, in particular, the organization of training for illiterate and literate adults. The financial activity of «Prosvita» was tracked, thanks to which funds were obtained and expenses were incurred for the needs of the cell. As can be seen from archival materials, the society had the most diverse sources of income and expenses, which testified to its diverse work. Among the various forms of cultural and educational work, as evidenced by the documents, enlightened people paid special attention to the organization of concerts, plays, and rallies. In addition to material profit, they contributed to the education, development and entertainment of the population. The authors drew attention to the ascetic work of rural enlighteners: O. Mysko, M. Stolyar, V. Shtuly, and others. It was thanks to their dedicated work that it was possible to achieve acceptable results in 1920. The place and role of family parties in the lives of enlightened people and their families is analyzed. The publication presents tables showing the cultural and educational activities of the «Prosvita» society. They provide statistical information that testifies to the dynamic work of enlightened people. Its analysis makes it possible to trace achievements and gaps in the functioning of the village center.
本文考察了1920年日托米尔县Visoka Pich村文化教育社会“普罗斯维塔”的形成过程。由于网络上缺乏有关教育中心的史料，本文实际上是第一次尝试对档案资料进行分析，对农村教育工作者的活动进行全面研究。澄清了“普罗维塔”的成立情况，反映了其教育活动，特别是组织对文盲和识字的成年人的培训。对" provita "的财务活动进行了跟踪，因此获得了资金，并为该小组的需要支付了费用。从档案资料中可以看出，社会的收入和支出来源是最多样化的，这证明了它的工作是多样化的。在各种形式的文化教育工作中，文明人特别重视音乐会、戏剧和集会的组织。除了物质利益外，他们还为人们的教育、发展和娱乐做出了贡献。作者提请注意农村启蒙者的苦行工作:O. Mysko, M. Stolyar, V. Shtuly，和其他人。正是由于他们的辛勤工作，才有可能在1920年取得可接受的成果。分析了家庭聚会在开明人士及其家庭生活中的地位和作用。该出版物列出了“普罗维塔”社会文化和教育活动的表格。它们提供的统计信息证明了开明人士的活跃工作。它的分析使人们能够追踪村中心在运作方面的成就和差距。
{"title":"ACTIVITIES OF «PROSVITA» COMPANY IN VYSOKA PICH VILLAGE OF ZHYTOMYR REGION IN 1920","authors":"G. Kucherov, Oksana Palyliulk","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-27-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the process of formation of the cultural and educational society «Prosvita» in the village of Visoka Pich of Zhytomyr County in 1920. Considering the lack of any historical materials about the educational center on the Internet, this article is actually the first attempt to analyze archival materials and carry out a comprehensive study of the activities of rural educators. The circumstances of the formation of «Prosvita» are clarified, its educational activities are reflected, in particular, the organization of training for illiterate and literate adults. The financial activity of «Prosvita» was tracked, thanks to which funds were obtained and expenses were incurred for the needs of the cell. As can be seen from archival materials, the society had the most diverse sources of income and expenses, which testified to its diverse work. Among the various forms of cultural and educational work, as evidenced by the documents, enlightened people paid special attention to the organization of concerts, plays, and rallies. In addition to material profit, they contributed to the education, development and entertainment of the population. The authors drew attention to the ascetic work of rural enlighteners: O. Mysko, M. Stolyar, V. Shtuly, and others. It was thanks to their dedicated work that it was possible to achieve acceptable results in 1920. The place and role of family parties in the lives of enlightened people and their families is analyzed. The publication presents tables showing the cultural and educational activities of the «Prosvita» society. They provide statistical information that testifies to the dynamic work of enlightened people. Its analysis makes it possible to trace achievements and gaps in the functioning of the village center.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"82 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121070664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-32-36
R. Mykhalchuk
Based on the example of the town of Mizoch in Volhynia, the article attempts to analyze the survival strategies of Jews during the Holocaust, as well as the reasons that influenced the survival during the Nazi genocide. The number of the Jews who survived depended on their position during the Soviet regime, when some of them were deported and sent to the regions of the far North. Drafting to the ranks of the Soviet army and the evacuation of Jews to the East played a special role. Thus, these Jews left the later occupied territory beforehand. However, not all of them managed to survive in the end. Potential opportunities to save the lives of Jews were provided by escape and evacuation from the occupied territories. However, not everyone could use such a way of survival. Many Jews hesitated to leave the town. The unknown sequences of moving to the eastern territories of the USSR were frightening. Nevertheless, compared to the indicators of other Volhynian towns, quite a lot of Mizoch Jews, 15%, managed to survive due to the evacuation, After the mass killing, the willingness of local residents to take the risk of hiding Jews was of great importance for the number of the survivors. Often, people who tried to help the Jews gave them food and asked them to leave. However, despite the threat of execution, there were local residents who hid the victims of the Holocaust. At least five nationalities (Ukrainians, Czechs, Poles, Russians, and Germans) were recorded as rescuing the Jews of Mizoch during the Nazi occupation. The Slobodiuk family was among them – Sydir, his wife Yustyna and their daughter Maria, who are the only Mizoch family officially recognized as the Righteous Among the Nations. German engineer Hermann Graebe was also awarded the title of the Righteous Among the Nations for rescuing the victims of the Holocaust, including the Jews of Mizoch.
{"title":"SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF MIZOCH JEWS DURING THE HOLOCAUST","authors":"R. Mykhalchuk","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the example of the town of Mizoch in Volhynia, the article attempts to analyze the survival strategies of Jews during the Holocaust, as well as the reasons that influenced the survival during the Nazi genocide. The number of the Jews who survived depended on their position during the Soviet regime, when some of them were deported and sent to the regions of the far North. Drafting to the ranks of the Soviet army and the evacuation of Jews to the East played a special role. Thus, these Jews left the later occupied territory beforehand. However, not all of them managed to survive in the end. Potential opportunities to save the lives of Jews were provided by escape and evacuation from the occupied territories. However, not everyone could use such a way of survival. Many Jews hesitated to leave the town. The unknown sequences of moving to the eastern territories of the USSR were frightening. Nevertheless, compared to the indicators of other Volhynian towns, quite a lot of Mizoch Jews, 15%, managed to survive due to the evacuation, After the mass killing, the willingness of local residents to take the risk of hiding Jews was of great importance for the number of the survivors. Often, people who tried to help the Jews gave them food and asked them to leave. However, despite the threat of execution, there were local residents who hid the victims of the Holocaust. At least five nationalities (Ukrainians, Czechs, Poles, Russians, and Germans) were recorded as rescuing the Jews of Mizoch during the Nazi occupation. The Slobodiuk family was among them – Sydir, his wife Yustyna and their daughter Maria, who are the only Mizoch family officially recognized as the Righteous Among the Nations. German engineer Hermann Graebe was also awarded the title of the Righteous Among the Nations for rescuing the victims of the Holocaust, including the Jews of Mizoch.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126875863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-59-65
O. Yaremchuk
The article reflects main study directions of scientists from the National University of Ostroh Academy on the issues in history of western Ukraine lands in interwar period. Areas of focus are thematic direction of studies and key results achieved by scientists. Article elaborated the most representative materials of studied developments by history scientists in this institution. Most of the publications are related to the stay of the Volhynia lands as part of interwar Poland, in particular, issues related to socio-economic history: crafts and handicraft production, activities of workshops, trade, banking, smuggling and countering it. A number of publications are devoted to the demographic problems of interwar Volhynia, in particular to issues of the ethnic composition of the population and emigration from overseas. One of the leading topics researched by scientists of the department is focused on issues of the political history of Ukraine in the interwar and pre-war period - Carpathian Ukraine of 1938–1939. A special place in the creative work of the scientists of the Department of History is occupied by the activities of public and political figure Stepan Skrypnyk in the interwar period. His active participation in the national-church movement for the de-Russification of the Orthodox Church in Poland is revealed.
{"title":"WESTERN UKRAINE LANDS OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD IN THE STUDIES OF OSTROH AKADEMY SCIENTISTS","authors":"O. Yaremchuk","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-59-65","url":null,"abstract":"The article reflects main study directions of scientists from the National University of Ostroh Academy on the issues in history of western Ukraine lands in interwar period. Areas of focus are thematic direction of studies and key results achieved by scientists. Article elaborated the most representative materials of studied developments by history scientists in this institution. Most of the publications are related to the stay of the Volhynia lands as part of interwar Poland, in particular, issues related to socio-economic history: crafts and handicraft production, activities of workshops, trade, banking, smuggling and countering it. A number of publications are devoted to the demographic problems of interwar Volhynia, in particular to issues of the ethnic composition of the population and emigration from overseas. One of the leading topics researched by scientists of the department is focused on issues of the political history of Ukraine in the interwar and pre-war period - Carpathian Ukraine of 1938–1939. A special place in the creative work of the scientists of the Department of History is occupied by the activities of public and political figure Stepan Skrypnyk in the interwar period. His active participation in the national-church movement for the de-Russification of the Orthodox Church in Poland is revealed.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126509260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-144-151
D. Kravets
The paper aims to describe an orthography discussion in the Ukrainian diaspora in the second half of the XX century. Language processes that took place in the environment of the Ukrainian diaspora are an essential element of the history of the national language. The practice of language use among Ukrainians abroad is a unique source of data, part of the national linguistic fund. Archive documents from the personal archive collections of M. Demkovych-Dobryanskyi (head of the Ukrainian editorial office of Radio Liberty), R. Chomiak (international journalist), and O. Horbach (a famous linguist) stored in the Manuscripts department of the V. Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv were used to prepare the presented paper. Many diaspora publicists criticized Radio Liberty (Munich) broadcasts for using the orthography officially accepted in Soviet Ukraine. M. Demkovych-Dobriansky, as editor-in-chief, thought that norms of the Ukrainian language adopted in 1929 were dated and sounded weird to Ukrainian listeners. On the other hand, critics of Soviet orthography underlined that this version of the Ukrainian language was very russified and couldn't be used. Spelling discussion of the second half of the XX century is an exciting and vital stage in developing the Ukrainian language. Disputes continued over the relevance of the so-called Kharkiv spelling of 1929 and the appropriateness of using the Soviet spelling, which many considered Russified. Although diaspora Ukrainians escaped the Russifying invasion of the USSR, they still failed to unify the norms of the Ukrainian language, so the spelling of independent Ukraine continued Soviet traditions. It practically did not use the achievements of diaspora linguistics.
{"title":"ORTHOGRAPHY DISCUSSIONS AMONG UKRAINIAN DIASPORA (1940th–1980th)","authors":"D. Kravets","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-144-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-144-151","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to describe an orthography discussion in the Ukrainian diaspora in the second half of the XX century. Language processes that took place in the environment of the Ukrainian diaspora are an essential element of the history of the national language. The practice of language use among Ukrainians abroad is a unique source of data, part of the national linguistic fund. Archive documents from the personal archive collections of M. Demkovych-Dobryanskyi (head of the Ukrainian editorial office of Radio Liberty), R. Chomiak (international journalist), and O. Horbach (a famous linguist) stored in the Manuscripts department of the V. Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv were used to prepare the presented paper. Many diaspora publicists criticized Radio Liberty (Munich) broadcasts for using the orthography officially accepted in Soviet Ukraine. M. Demkovych-Dobriansky, as editor-in-chief, thought that norms of the Ukrainian language adopted in 1929 were dated and sounded weird to Ukrainian listeners. On the other hand, critics of Soviet orthography underlined that this version of the Ukrainian language was very russified and couldn't be used. Spelling discussion of the second half of the XX century is an exciting and vital stage in developing the Ukrainian language. Disputes continued over the relevance of the so-called Kharkiv spelling of 1929 and the appropriateness of using the Soviet spelling, which many considered Russified. Although diaspora Ukrainians escaped the Russifying invasion of the USSR, they still failed to unify the norms of the Ukrainian language, so the spelling of independent Ukraine continued Soviet traditions. It practically did not use the achievements of diaspora linguistics.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132428479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-123-127
A. Smyrnov
The article deals with the development of the Ukrainian Orthodox movement on the North American continent during the interwar period. It began with the mass conversion of Greek Catholics to Orthodoxy and led to the establishing of two separate church communities in Canada and the United States. The first UOC-USA parishes were founded in 1919, mostly by former Ukrainian Catholics from Galicia or Orthodox from Transcarpathia and Bukovyna. In 1924 Archbishop Ioan Teodorovych of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, formed in Kyiv, was dispatched to serve as a hierarch for the new churches in the United States and Canada. The UOC-USA grew quickly, and by 1932 it included 32 parishes and 25 priests. Large numbers of Ukrainians who had formerly belonged to the Russian Orthodox church and the Ukrainian Catholic church joined the newly formed Ukrainian Orthodox church in Canada. After 1924 the UOCC insisted on retaining its administrative independence under Rev Semen Sawchuk as church administrator and president of the consistory. By the end of 1928 the church had approximately 64,000 followers, organized in 152 parishes served by 21 priests. The church, priests, and faithful refused to join the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA because they questioned the canonicity of Archbishop Ioan Teodorovych's episcopal consecration. Rev Yosyf Zhuk (a Catholic priest from Galicia) was selected as the church's bishop in 1931 and he was succeeded by Bishop Bohdan Shpylka (consecrated in 1937) under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. Some priests and faithful, however, questioned the canonicity of Ioan Teodorovych’s episcopal ordination and formed the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. The Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese was founded in 1938 when a group of 37 Ruthenian Eastern Catholic parishes, under the leadership of Fr. Orestes Chornock, were received into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
{"title":"THE UKRAINIAN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY IN NORTH AMERICA DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD","authors":"A. Smyrnov","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-123-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-123-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the development of the Ukrainian Orthodox movement on the North American continent during the interwar period. It began with the mass conversion of Greek Catholics to Orthodoxy and led to the establishing of two separate church communities in Canada and the United States. The first UOC-USA parishes were founded in 1919, mostly by former Ukrainian Catholics from Galicia or Orthodox from Transcarpathia and Bukovyna. In 1924 Archbishop Ioan Teodorovych of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, formed in Kyiv, was dispatched to serve as a hierarch for the new churches in the United States and Canada. The UOC-USA grew quickly, and by 1932 it included 32 parishes and 25 priests. Large numbers of Ukrainians who had formerly belonged to the Russian Orthodox church and the Ukrainian Catholic church joined the newly formed Ukrainian Orthodox church in Canada. After 1924 the UOCC insisted on retaining its administrative independence under Rev Semen Sawchuk as church administrator and president of the consistory. By the end of 1928 the church had approximately 64,000 followers, organized in 152 parishes served by 21 priests. The church, priests, and faithful refused to join the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA because they questioned the canonicity of Archbishop Ioan Teodorovych's episcopal consecration. Rev Yosyf Zhuk (a Catholic priest from Galicia) was selected as the church's bishop in 1931 and he was succeeded by Bishop Bohdan Shpylka (consecrated in 1937) under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. Some priests and faithful, however, questioned the canonicity of Ioan Teodorovych’s episcopal ordination and formed the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. The Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese was founded in 1938 when a group of 37 Ruthenian Eastern Catholic parishes, under the leadership of Fr. Orestes Chornock, were received into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130668747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-80-85
Anastasiia Sopelniak
The author concludes about involving historians during the period of restructuring into the process of conscious reorientation of Ukrainian humanitarians. He speaking with publications in periodicals or at scientific conferences violated important aspects of the historical past of Ukraine, which were distorted or ordered in the scientific sense of Soviet time. First of all, these issues were connected with the opening of the myth of the sovereignty of the Ukrainian nation. And here, according to the historian, the return to the sources of Ukrainian historiography and critical analysis of the sources should not be the last role. However, most of the works of the scientist, in the investigated period were scientifically popular. This is due to the fact that only the first steps were taken in the national science to overcome the communist stereotypes and to study the national history. He demonstrated deep knowledge of the subject, which was based on deep study of scientific works of predecessors and source base. He constantly stressed the great importance of historical science for the formation of national consciousness, therefore demanded from scientists to look at the historical process only from the positions of their own people and prospects of its development. In the days of independence of Ukraine, some of the author’s judgments were changed by the social political circumstances, which require a deep scientific analysis of his creative heritage using comparative analysis.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF YAROSLAV DASHKEVICH IN STUDYING THE «WHITE SPOT» OF UKRAINIAN HISTORY DURING THE «PERESTROIKA» PERIOD (1985–1991)","authors":"Anastasiia Sopelniak","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-80-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-80-85","url":null,"abstract":"The author concludes about involving historians during the period of restructuring into the process of conscious reorientation of Ukrainian humanitarians. He speaking with publications in periodicals or at scientific conferences violated important aspects of the historical past of Ukraine, which were distorted or ordered in the scientific sense of Soviet time. First of all, these issues were connected with the opening of the myth of the sovereignty of the Ukrainian nation. And here, according to the historian, the return to the sources of Ukrainian historiography and critical analysis of the sources should not be the last role. However, most of the works of the scientist, in the investigated period were scientifically popular. This is due to the fact that only the first steps were taken in the national science to overcome the communist stereotypes and to study the national history. He demonstrated deep knowledge of the subject, which was based on deep study of scientific works of predecessors and source base. He constantly stressed the great importance of historical science for the formation of national consciousness, therefore demanded from scientists to look at the historical process only from the positions of their own people and prospects of its development. In the days of independence of Ukraine, some of the author’s judgments were changed by the social political circumstances, which require a deep scientific analysis of his creative heritage using comparative analysis.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130708710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-152-160
Nazar Martyniuk
The article draws attention to the role of Ukrainians worldwide in the promotion of Ukraine in the world. The author characterizes the historiography and source base of the scientific problem. The issue of cultural diplomacy of the Ukrainian World Congress (UWC) is practically unexplored. Based on the analysis of various directions of work of the UWC, in particular its councils, examples of the work of Ukrainian organizations-members of the UWC network, the forms and ways of implementing cultural diplomacy as an international coordination superstructure of Ukrainians worldwide in 2014–22 are discussed. The events after the end of the Revolution of Dignity, the beginning of Russian aggression against Ukraine, and the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine became turning points for the conduct of various activities of the UWC. The world community paid special attention to Ukraine, and culture began to be used more seriously as a tool for promoting Ukrainian interests in foreign countries. It was noted that the preservation of the Ukrainian national identity, the inclusion of the Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage in the world context, the popularization of the Ukrainian language are prominent areas of activity of the UWC, in which cultural diplomacy can be traced. Marking of commemorative dates of Ukrainian history and culture by the UWC, the implementation of large-scale projects, and the support of cultural initiatives are discussed. It was emphasised on the changes that affected the mechanisms of implementation of cultural diplomacy of the UWC: the transition of events to the virtual space during the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization of actions with a wide representation of Ukrainian symbols after the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine. Conclusions have been made about the main forms of cultural diplomacy in the activities of the UWC, which are shown both at the level of work of its councils and at the level of work of organizations-members.
{"title":"CULTURAL DIPLOMACY OF THE UKRAINIAN WORLD CONGRESS AS A FACTOR OF PROMOTING OF UKRAINE IN THE WORLD (2014–22)","authors":"Nazar Martyniuk","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-152-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-152-160","url":null,"abstract":"The article draws attention to the role of Ukrainians worldwide in the promotion of Ukraine in the world. The author characterizes the historiography and source base of the scientific problem. The issue of cultural diplomacy of the Ukrainian World Congress (UWC) is practically unexplored. Based on the analysis of various directions of work of the UWC, in particular its councils, examples of the work of Ukrainian organizations-members of the UWC network, the forms and ways of implementing cultural diplomacy as an international coordination superstructure of Ukrainians worldwide in 2014–22 are discussed. The events after the end of the Revolution of Dignity, the beginning of Russian aggression against Ukraine, and the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine became turning points for the conduct of various activities of the UWC. The world community paid special attention to Ukraine, and culture began to be used more seriously as a tool for promoting Ukrainian interests in foreign countries. It was noted that the preservation of the Ukrainian national identity, the inclusion of the Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage in the world context, the popularization of the Ukrainian language are prominent areas of activity of the UWC, in which cultural diplomacy can be traced. Marking of commemorative dates of Ukrainian history and culture by the UWC, the implementation of large-scale projects, and the support of cultural initiatives are discussed. It was emphasised on the changes that affected the mechanisms of implementation of cultural diplomacy of the UWC: the transition of events to the virtual space during the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization of actions with a wide representation of Ukrainian symbols after the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine. Conclusions have been made about the main forms of cultural diplomacy in the activities of the UWC, which are shown both at the level of work of its councils and at the level of work of organizations-members.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"2 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120991670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-74-79
Tetiana Yushchuk
The article describes the critical directions of the scientific and organizational activity of Theodor Mackiw (1918–2011), a well–known Ukrainian historian who worked in the conditions of foreign (diasporic) Ukrainian historiography. A personal contribution to the organization and holding of scientific publications, congresses, conferences, and events devoted to the study of the history of Ukraine was determined. It was determined that one of the key areas of scientific and organizational activity of T. Maсkiw was his work as a member of the editorial board of «Ukrainian Historian» in the Ukrainian Historical Society, he was responsible for publications on the history of the Cossacks of the 17–18 centuries and Ukrainian–Polish relations. He was an active participant in most scientific events and their co–organizer, organized not only by the UHS independently, but also in cooperation with other Ukrainian diaspora societies and organizations. His active participation in various scientific activities and the establishment of interpersonal relationships between researchers positively impacted the results of the work of the UHS and other organizations of which he was a member. Despite the active organizational activity at the UHS, the historian supported the holding of joint congresses to establish connections between various scientific institutions. While teaching and working on scientific research, Professor T. Mackiw decently represented Ukrainian historical science abroad, paid a lot of attention to public and public–scientific work, and tried to spread knowledge of the history and culture of Ukraine not only at scientific forums, in particular, he organized an evening of Ukrainian music in Seton Hall University, published popular science articles in the press, hosted Ukrainian studies programs on the radio. The scientist helped Ukrainian dissidents. T. Mackiw participated in the most representative forum of the world–historical science–the International Congresses of Historical Sciences in the post–war period. Participation in four congresses is evidence of a high level of awareness and purposefulness. The historian communicated and expressed his thoughts on various historical topics, becoming a part of world historical science, and bringing Ukrainian historiography to the international level.
{"title":"KEY DIRECTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THEODOR MACKIW","authors":"Tetiana Yushchuk","doi":"10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-74-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-74-79","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the critical directions of the scientific and organizational activity of Theodor Mackiw (1918–2011), a well–known Ukrainian historian who worked in the conditions of foreign (diasporic) Ukrainian historiography. A personal contribution to the organization and holding of scientific publications, congresses, conferences, and events devoted to the study of the history of Ukraine was determined. It was determined that one of the key areas of scientific and organizational activity of T. Maсkiw was his work as a member of the editorial board of «Ukrainian Historian» in the Ukrainian Historical Society, he was responsible for publications on the history of the Cossacks of the 17–18 centuries and Ukrainian–Polish relations. He was an active participant in most scientific events and their co–organizer, organized not only by the UHS independently, but also in cooperation with other Ukrainian diaspora societies and organizations. His active participation in various scientific activities and the establishment of interpersonal relationships between researchers positively impacted the results of the work of the UHS and other organizations of which he was a member. Despite the active organizational activity at the UHS, the historian supported the holding of joint congresses to establish connections between various scientific institutions. While teaching and working on scientific research, Professor T. Mackiw decently represented Ukrainian historical science abroad, paid a lot of attention to public and public–scientific work, and tried to spread knowledge of the history and culture of Ukraine not only at scientific forums, in particular, he organized an evening of Ukrainian music in Seton Hall University, published popular science articles in the press, hosted Ukrainian studies programs on the radio. The scientist helped Ukrainian dissidents. T. Mackiw participated in the most representative forum of the world–historical science–the International Congresses of Historical Sciences in the post–war period. Participation in four congresses is evidence of a high level of awareness and purposefulness. The historian communicated and expressed his thoughts on various historical topics, becoming a part of world historical science, and bringing Ukrainian historiography to the international level.","PeriodicalId":229424,"journal":{"name":"Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu \"Ostrozʹka akademìâ\". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127216179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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