Pub Date : 2000-04-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22003.X
D. Nanus, L. Gudas
{"title":"Retinoids and Prostate Cancer","authors":"D. Nanus, L. Gudas","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22003.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22003.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83391121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22002.X
A. Zietman, W. Shipley
{"title":"Proton Beam Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer","authors":"A. Zietman, W. Shipley","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22002.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22002.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74361678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22007.X
G. Bauman, J. Xuan, J. Chin, H. Sakai, Y. Guo, S. Garde, J. Fraser, V. Venkatesan
Objectives: Conflicting reports exist as to the utility of PSP94 in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. We have identified serum-bound forms of PSP94 in prostate cancer patients. To further evaluate the usefulness of this finding, we measured bound and free serum PSP94 levels in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer before radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment levels of free PSP94 in 42 patients were measured in serum via a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of bound PSP94 were measured by a semiquantitative assay after fractionation of total serum proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Pretreatment levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were measured by a commercially available assay. Archival sera from 42 patients and a subgroup of 27 patients with “favorable” pretreatment PSA values (i.e., < 10 ng/ml) were statistically analyzed. Pretreatment levels of PSP94 (free and bound) and PSA, as well as tumor stage and grade, were correlated with treatment outcome (biochemical relapse-free survival) postradiotherapy. Results: Pretreatment PSA and the ratio of bound to free PSP94 were significant predictors of relapse postradiotherapy on univariate analysis. An elevated ratio of bound to free PSP94 was a stronger predictor (p = 0.0074) of relapse postradiotherapy compared with PSA level (p = 0.070) in a subgroup of prostate cancer patients with “favorable” pretreatment PSA levels. Conclusions: The results presented here indicate that serum PSP94-bound complexes must be considered in evaluating the clinical utility of PSP94 as a prostate cancer marker. A higher ratio of bound to free PSP94 may indicate worse outcome postradiotherapy. Differential testing of serum PSP94 has shown that it, in addition to PSA, may be of prognostic value for patients receiving radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.
{"title":"PSP94: Evaluation of Prognostic Utility in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer","authors":"G. Bauman, J. Xuan, J. Chin, H. Sakai, Y. Guo, S. Garde, J. Fraser, V. Venkatesan","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22007.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.22007.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Conflicting reports exist as to the utility of PSP94 in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. We have identified serum-bound forms of PSP94 in prostate cancer patients. To further evaluate the usefulness of this finding, we measured bound and free serum PSP94 levels in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer before radiotherapy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Pretreatment levels of free PSP94 in 42 patients were measured in serum via a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of bound PSP94 were measured by a semiquantitative assay after fractionation of total serum proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Pretreatment levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were measured by a commercially available assay. Archival sera from 42 patients and a subgroup of 27 patients with “favorable” pretreatment PSA values (i.e., < 10 ng/ml) were statistically analyzed. Pretreatment levels of PSP94 (free and bound) and PSA, as well as tumor stage and grade, were correlated with treatment outcome (biochemical relapse-free survival) postradiotherapy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: Pretreatment PSA and the ratio of bound to free PSP94 were significant predictors of relapse postradiotherapy on univariate analysis. An elevated ratio of bound to free PSP94 was a stronger predictor (p = 0.0074) of relapse postradiotherapy compared with PSA level (p = 0.070) in a subgroup of prostate cancer patients with “favorable” pretreatment PSA levels. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The results presented here indicate that serum PSP94-bound complexes must be considered in evaluating the clinical utility of PSP94 as a prostate cancer marker. A higher ratio of bound to free PSP94 may indicate worse outcome postradiotherapy. Differential testing of serum PSP94 has shown that it, in addition to PSA, may be of prognostic value for patients receiving radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15002.X
H. Wood, M. Carducci
{"title":"Differentiation Therapy For Prostate Cancer","authors":"H. Wood, M. Carducci","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15002.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15002.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87432392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15003.X
C. D. Young, M. Roach
Objectives: Is race an independent prognostic indicator of outcome and overall survival in prostate cancer? African American men have been reported to have the highest incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer worldwide, but the evidence to explain this is confusing at best. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted, and an effort was made to include all articles published in the last 15 years that evaluated the independent significance of race on survival or disease-free survival from prostate cancer. Special attention was given to the major prospective randomized trials in which the initial workups, evaluations, and treatments were relatively uniform and in which the opportunity for confounding variables were small. Results: The appearance of a difference in outcome due to race is most likely a result of an epidemiologic phenomenon that arises when evaluating two different populations that have different distributions with regard to severity of disease. African Americans tend to present with higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and higher Gleason scores, and a larger percentage are likely to belong to the groups with the higher risk of failure, creating the impression that failure is due to race. Conclusions: On examination of the prospective randomized trials in the literature, “race-based” explanations for differences in survival should be viewed with a moderate degree of skepticism. So-called “epigenetic” factors may explain the higher incidence of prostate cancer noted in numerous studies.
{"title":"Race and Prostate Cancer: What Do We Know?","authors":"C. D. Young, M. Roach","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15003.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15003.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Is race an independent prognostic indicator of outcome and overall survival in prostate cancer? African American men have been reported to have the highest incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer worldwide, but the evidence to explain this is confusing at best. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted, and an effort was made to include all articles published in the last 15 years that evaluated the independent significance of race on survival or disease-free survival from prostate cancer. Special attention was given to the major prospective randomized trials in which the initial workups, evaluations, and treatments were relatively uniform and in which the opportunity for confounding variables were small. Results: The appearance of a difference in outcome due to race is most likely a result of an epidemiologic phenomenon that arises when evaluating two different populations that have different distributions with regard to severity of disease. African Americans tend to present with higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and higher Gleason scores, and a larger percentage are likely to belong to the groups with the higher risk of failure, creating the impression that failure is due to race. Conclusions: On examination of the prospective randomized trials in the literature, “race-based” explanations for differences in survival should be viewed with a moderate degree of skepticism. So-called “epigenetic” factors may explain the higher incidence of prostate cancer noted in numerous studies.","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79118158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15007.X
P. Febbo
{"title":"Functional Significance of the Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism","authors":"P. Febbo","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15007.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15007.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83342586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15009.X
F. Berkmen, A. Ayyıldız, A. Ardıçoğlu
Tumor metastases to the testes, excluding lymphomas and leukemias, are extremely uncommon. In the literature there have been reports of 236 different cancer metastases to the testis. The most common origin is the prostate in 76 (32%) cases. We report two additional cases of testicular metastases from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate specific antigen indicated that the metastatic cancer was of prostatic origin.
{"title":"Testicular Metastasis from Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Review of Literature and Report of Two Cases","authors":"F. Berkmen, A. Ayyıldız, A. Ardıçoğlu","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15009.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15009.X","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor metastases to the testes, excluding lymphomas and leukemias, are extremely uncommon. In the literature there have been reports of 236 different cancer metastases to the testis. The most common origin is the prostate in 76 (32%) cases. We report two additional cases of testicular metastases from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate specific antigen indicated that the metastatic cancer was of prostatic origin.","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"42-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80948883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15004.X
C. Ng, E. Klein
Objectives: To assess the rate of acute complications after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) using contemporary surgical techniques and perioperative care. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 306 consecutive patients who underwent RRP with or without bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection under low-thoracic epidural anesthesia between October 1996 and April 1999. A standardized postoperative regimen was employed including early ambulation, epidural analgesia, and liquid diet the day after surgery. Results: The median length hospital stay was two nights. Acute complications occurred in 25 (8.2%) of 306 patients and were mostly minor. No thromboembolic or pulmonary events were noted, and there were no deaths. The 30-day hospital readmission rate was 0.3%. Conclusion: The contemporary regimen of perioperative management employed in this series of men undergoing RRP results in short hospital stay and a low rate of primarily minor complications.
{"title":"Acute complications after radical retropubic prostatectomy","authors":"C. Ng, E. Klein","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15004.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15004.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the rate of acute complications after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) using contemporary surgical techniques and perioperative care. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 306 consecutive patients who underwent RRP with or without bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection under low-thoracic epidural anesthesia between October 1996 and April 1999. A standardized postoperative regimen was employed including early ambulation, epidural analgesia, and liquid diet the day after surgery. Results: The median length hospital stay was two nights. Acute complications occurred in 25 (8.2%) of 306 patients and were mostly minor. No thromboembolic or pulmonary events were noted, and there were no deaths. The 30-day hospital readmission rate was 0.3%. Conclusion: The contemporary regimen of perioperative management employed in this series of men undergoing RRP results in short hospital stay and a low rate of primarily minor complications.","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"361 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80255712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15008.X
P. Albertsen
{"title":"The Significance of Histology in Predicting the Natural History of Prostate Cancer","authors":"P. Albertsen","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15008.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15008.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81200766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15005.X
E. Platz, E. Giovannucci, Myles A. Brown, Carsta Cieluch, T. F. Shepard, M. Stampfer, P. Kantoff
Objectives: Amplified in breast cancer-1 (AIB1) is a steroid receptor coactivator that enhances estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor. It is unknown whether AIB1 also interacts with the androgen receptor. Because the development and progression of prostate cancer is likely to be partially mediated by steroid hormones, we investigated whether a polymorphic CAG/CAA repeat encoding glutamine in the AIB1 gene is related to prostate cancer risk in a nested study of 581 patients and 786 age-matched control subjects in the Physicians' Health Study. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood, and the region encompassing the repeat was amplified using fluorescent-labeled primers. The fragments were run on polyacrylamide gels and sized by computer software. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer for AIB1 glutamine repeat length from logistic regression models controlling for the matching variables. Results: Three glutamine repeat lengths were prevalent: 29 (47.8% among control subjects), 28 (38.5% among control subjects), and 26 (12.6% among control subjects). Compared to 29 repeats, the RR of prostate cancer was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.17) for 26 repeats and 1.01 (95% CI 0.86–1.19) for 28 repeats. Compared to 28/29, the RR of prostate cancer was not significantly altered for any of the other common genotypes. No clear associations were present for AIB1 glutamine repeat length genotype by stage at the diagnosis/histologic grade of the tumor. Conclusion: This study does not support an important role in prostate cancer incidence or aggressiveness of AIB1 glutamine repeat length in the range observed in this predominately white cohort.
{"title":"Amplified in breast cancer-1 glutamine repeat and prostate cancer risk","authors":"E. Platz, E. Giovannucci, Myles A. Brown, Carsta Cieluch, T. F. Shepard, M. Stampfer, P. Kantoff","doi":"10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15005.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1411.2000.15005.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Amplified in breast cancer-1 (AIB1) is a steroid receptor coactivator that enhances estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor. It is unknown whether AIB1 also interacts with the androgen receptor. Because the development and progression of prostate cancer is likely to be partially mediated by steroid hormones, we investigated whether a polymorphic CAG/CAA repeat encoding glutamine in the AIB1 gene is related to prostate cancer risk in a nested study of 581 patients and 786 age-matched control subjects in the Physicians' Health Study. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood, and the region encompassing the repeat was amplified using fluorescent-labeled primers. The fragments were run on polyacrylamide gels and sized by computer software. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer for AIB1 glutamine repeat length from logistic regression models controlling for the matching variables. Results: Three glutamine repeat lengths were prevalent: 29 (47.8% among control subjects), 28 (38.5% among control subjects), and 26 (12.6% among control subjects). Compared to 29 repeats, the RR of prostate cancer was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.17) for 26 repeats and 1.01 (95% CI 0.86–1.19) for 28 repeats. Compared to 28/29, the RR of prostate cancer was not significantly altered for any of the other common genotypes. No clear associations were present for AIB1 glutamine repeat length genotype by stage at the diagnosis/histologic grade of the tumor. Conclusion: This study does not support an important role in prostate cancer incidence or aggressiveness of AIB1 glutamine repeat length in the range observed in this predominately white cohort.","PeriodicalId":22947,"journal":{"name":"The open prostate cancer journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89583432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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