The Open Biology Journal最新文献_第3页

Billions of Human Brains Immersed Within a Shared Geomagnetic Field: Quantitative Solutions and Implications for Future Adaptations 数十亿人脑沉浸在共同的地磁场中:定量解决方案和对未来适应的影响

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2013-10-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701306010008

M. Persinger

The implications for adaptation when billions of human cerebrums are considered weak conductors immersed within the same medium, the geomagnetic field, are examined. Quantitative solutions indicated that the intensity of the "transcerebral" field produced from all human brains within the geomagnetic field is the same order of magnitude as the values associated with cognitive processes and altered expressions of proteins within the individual brain. This convergence could meet one of the criteria for a holographic-like phenomenon. The transition from 6 to 8 billion brains would be associated with shared energies within individual cerebral space whose frequencies increase across the visible electromagnetic wavelength from infrared to ultraviolet. Magnetic diffusivity indicates all brains could be influenced within about 10 minutes. Implications for induced ubiquitous genetic changes, shared modifications in protein sequences associated with memory during dream sleep, and limitations upon the proliferation of the species are discussed.

当数十亿人的大脑被认为是沉浸在同一介质(地磁场)中的弱导体时，对适应的影响进行了研究。定量解决方案表明，所有人类大脑在地磁场中产生的“经脑”场强度与个体大脑中认知过程和蛋白质表达改变相关的值是相同的数量级。这种聚合可能符合类似全息现象的标准之一。从60亿个大脑到80亿个大脑的转变将与个体大脑空间内的共享能量有关，这些能量的频率在从红外线到紫外线的可见电磁波长范围内增加。磁扩散率表明所有人的大脑都能在10分钟内受到影响。本文讨论了诱导的普遍遗传变化的含义，在做梦睡眠中与记忆相关的蛋白质序列的共同修改，以及物种增殖的限制。

引用次数: 13

Safety of Using Diapers Containing Copper Oxide in Chronic Care Elderly Patients 老年慢性护理患者使用含氧化铜纸尿裤的安全性

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2013-02-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701306010001

I. Weinberg, A. Lazary, A. Jefidoff, Vatine J-J, G. Borkow, N. Ohana

Copper has very potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and acaricidal properties. Recently the use of copper alloys in hospital wards has been shown to reduce bioburden and nosocomial infection rates. We hypothesized that the use of copper oxide in textiles and other products that are in close contact with the patients may significantly reduce bioburden in clinical settings and consequently reduce the risk of nosocomial infections. In order to test this hypothesis we intend to conduct a trial in which we will examine if the nosocomial infection rates in a chronic care ward will be reduced when all the textile products will include copper oxide. The risk of adverse reactions due to dermal contact with copper are considered extremely low and medical devices containing copper, such as intrauterine devices and dental amalgams, are safely used for decades. Textile products containing copper oxide are being sold worldwide for several years and not even one adverse reaction was noted. However, in spite of all the above, and in preparation to the clinical trial we intend to conduct in a chronic care ward (long-term care facility), we conducted this preliminary study in which we examined the safety of using copper oxide impregnated diapers in 16 chronic care patients that used the diapers for 6 consecutive months. Importantly, not even one adverse reaction was recorded during the whole trial, indicating the high safety of the diapers. Therefore, this study allows us to examine the efficacy of textiles containing copper oxide in reducing nosocomial infections in larger populations, including in frail chronic care patients.

铜具有非常有效的抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和杀螨特性。最近，在医院病房使用铜合金已被证明可以减少生物负担和医院感染率。我们假设，在与患者密切接触的纺织品和其他产品中使用氧化铜可能会显著减少临床环境中的生物负担，从而降低医院感染的风险。为了验证这一假设，我们打算进行一项试验，研究当所有纺织品都含有氧化铜时，慢性护理病房的医院感染率是否会降低。皮肤接触铜产生不良反应的风险被认为极低，宫内节育器和牙科汞合金等含铜医疗器械已安全使用数十年。含有氧化铜的纺织产品在世界范围内销售了好几年，甚至没有发现任何不良反应。然而，尽管如此，为了准备我们打算在慢性护理病房(长期护理机构)进行的临床试验，我们进行了这项初步研究，我们检查了16名连续使用6个月的慢性护理患者使用氧化铜浸渍尿布的安全性。重要的是，在整个试验过程中，甚至没有一个不良反应的记录，表明尿布的高安全性。因此，这项研究使我们能够检查含有氧化铜的纺织品在减少更大人群(包括虚弱的慢性护理患者)的医院感染方面的功效。

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引用次数: 13

Computational Tools for Genome-Wide miRNA Prediction and Study 全基因组miRNA预测和研究的计算工具

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010023

Tareq B. Malas, T. Ravasi

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA susually of 22 nucleotidesin length that play an important post-transcriptional regulation role in many organisms. MicroRNAs bind a seed sequence to the 3´-untranslated region (UTR) region of the target messenger RNA (mRNA), inducing degradation or inhibition of translation and resulting in a reduction in the protein level. This regulatory mechanism is central to many biological processes and perturbation could lead to diseases such as cancer. Given the biological importance, of miRNAs, there is a great need to identify and study their targets and functions. However, miRNAs are very difficult to clone in the lab and this has hindered the identification of novel miRNAs. Next-generation sequencing coupled with new computational tools has recently evolved to help researchers efficiently identify large numbers of novel miRNAs. In this review, we describe recent miRNA prediction tools and discuss their priorities, advantages and disadvantages.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一种单链非编码RNA，长度通常为22个核苷酸，在许多生物体中发挥重要的转录后调控作用。MicroRNAs将种子序列结合到目标信使RNA (mRNA)的3′-未翻译区(UTR)区域，诱导降解或抑制翻译，导致蛋白质水平降低。这种调节机制是许多生物过程的核心，干扰可能导致癌症等疾病。鉴于mirna在生物学上的重要性，有必要对其靶点和功能进行识别和研究。然而，mirna很难在实验室中克隆，这阻碍了新mirna的鉴定。新一代测序加上新的计算工具最近已经发展到帮助研究人员有效地识别大量新的mirna。在这篇综述中，我们描述了最近的miRNA预测工具，并讨论了它们的优先级、优点和缺点。

引用次数: 4

Analysis of the Effect of Wearing Copper Oxide Impregnated Socks on Tinea Pedis Based on "Before and After" Pictures - A Statistical Follow-up Tool 基于“前后对比”图片分析穿氧化铜浸渍袜子对足癣的影响——一个统计跟踪工具

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2012-05-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010017

M. E. Gargiulo, A. Elias, G. Borkow

The assessment of skin conditions by digital images as part of the evaluation of treatment efficacy is not widely used in podiatry. The main objective of our study was to evaluate quantitative measuring of tinea pedis (athlete's foot) related medical endpoints via digital images of the affected feet areas before and after treatment as a supporting tool for podiatrists. In order to do so, we analyzed photographs taken of patients who had participated in a previous clinical study. During this already published study, the patient's fungal feet infections were treated only by wearing of antifungal socks containing copper oxide. The efficacy of the treatment was then determined solely by clinical observations of the podiatrist. In the current study, we randomly and blindly analyzed 282 digital images of patient's feet taken before and after using the socks in the pilot study. The affected feet areas, in which the tinea pedis infection was manifested by fissuring, scaling, erythema and/or vesicular eruptions, were determined before and after treatment by using ImageTool software. Statistical analysis of these determinations demonstrated a significant reduction in the severity of all 4 endpoints analyzed (p<0.05). This is in accordance with the results described in the published study, further establishing that using socks containing copper oxide is efficacious in treating tinea pedis. The present study thus demonstrates that statistical analysis of quantitative data obtained from digital images taken during treatment of tinea pedis is feasible and may serve as a tool for podiatrists in monitoring treatment.

通过数字图像评估皮肤状况作为治疗效果评估的一部分，并没有广泛应用于足病。本研究的主要目的是通过治疗前后受影响足部的数字图像来评估足癣(脚癣)相关医学终点的定量测量，作为足科医生的辅助工具。为了做到这一点，我们分析了以前参加过临床研究的患者的照片。在这项已经发表的研究中，患者的真菌足感染只能通过穿含有氧化铜的抗真菌袜子来治疗。治疗的效果仅由足病医生的临床观察来确定。在本研究中，我们随机和盲目地分析了282张患者在使用袜子之前和之后的数字图像。使用ImageTool软件对治疗前后足癣感染表现为裂裂、脱屑、红斑和/或水泡的足部进行检测。统计分析表明，所有4个终点的严重程度均有显著降低(p<0.05)。这与发表的研究结果一致，进一步证实了使用含氧化铜的袜子治疗足癣是有效的。因此，本研究表明，从足癣治疗过程中拍摄的数字图像中获得的定量数据进行统计分析是可行的，并可作为足病医生监测治疗的工具。

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引用次数: 9

An Integrated Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Approach Identifies New BH3-Only Protein Candidates. 综合生物信息学和计算生物学方法鉴定新的BH3-Only候选蛋白。

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2012-05-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010006

Robert G Hawley, Yuzhong Chen, Irene Riz, Chen Zeng

In this study, we utilized an integrated bioinformatics and computational biology approach in search of new BH3-only proteins belonging to the BCL2 family of apoptotic regulators. The BH3 (BCL2 homology 3) domain mediates specific binding interactions among various BCL2 family members. It is composed of an amphipathic α-helical region of approximately 13 residues that has only a few amino acids that are highly conserved across all members. Using a generalized motif, we performed a genome-wide search for novel BH3-containing proteins in the NCBI Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS) database. In addition to known pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, 197 proteins were recovered that satisfied the search criteria. These were categorized according to α-helical content and predictive binding to BCL-xL (encoded by BCL2L1) and MCL-1, two representative anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members, using position-specific scoring matrix models. Notably, the list is enriched for proteins associated with autophagy as well as a broad spectrum of cellular stress responses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, antiviral defense, and the DNA damage response. Several potential novel BH3-containing proteins are highlighted. In particular, the analysis strongly suggests that the apoptosis inhibitor and DNA damage response regulator, AVEN, which was originally isolated as a BCL-xL-interacting protein, is a functional BH3-only protein representing a distinct subclass of BCL2 family members.

在这项研究中，我们利用综合生物信息学和计算生物学的方法来寻找新的BH3-only蛋白属于BCL2家族的凋亡调节因子。BH3 (BCL2同源3)结构域介导不同BCL2家族成员之间的特异性结合相互作用。它由大约13个残基的两亲α-螺旋区组成，只有少数氨基酸在所有成员中高度保守。利用广义基序，我们在NCBI共识编码序列(CCDS)数据库中进行了全基因组搜索，寻找新的含有bh3的蛋白质。除了已知的促凋亡的BH3-only蛋白外，还恢复了197个满足搜索标准的蛋白。采用位置特异性评分矩阵模型，根据α-螺旋含量和BCL-xL(由BCL2L1编码)和MCL-1这两个抗凋亡BCL2家族成员的预测结合进行分类。值得注意的是，该列表丰富了与自噬相关的蛋白质，以及广泛的细胞应激反应，如内质网应激、氧化应激、抗病毒防御和DNA损伤反应。强调了几种潜在的新型含bh3蛋白。特别是，分析强烈表明，细胞凋亡抑制剂和DNA损伤反应调节因子AVEN，最初是作为bcl - xl相互作用蛋白分离出来的，是一个功能性的bh3蛋白，代表了BCL2家族成员的一个不同亚类。

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引用次数: 14

Effects of n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside on Human and Rat Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Against Hemolysis 正辛基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷对人和大鼠抗溶血红细胞膜稳定性的影响

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2012-04-11 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010001

C. Sblano, S. Micelli, Daniela Meleleo

The practical importance for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries of the interactions between biological membranes and surfactant molecules has led to intensive research within this area. The interactions of non-ionic surfactant n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) with the human and rat erythrocyte membranes were studied. The in vitro hemolytic and antihemolytic activities were determined by employing a method in which both erythrocytes were added to the hypotonic medium containing OG at different concentrations, and the amount of haemoglobin released was determined. n- octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was found to have a biphasic effect on both types of erythrocyte membrane. We also investigated the interactions of OG with the erythrocyte membrane in isotonic medium; the dose-dependent curves show similar behaviour in both human and rat erythrocytes. Our results showed that OG has greater antihemolytic potency on rat than on human erythrocytes; furthermore, rat erythrocytes were more sensitive than human erythrocytes to hypotonic shock. How the different lipoprotein structure of these erythrocytes determines a difference in antihemolytic activity is discussed.

生物膜和表面活性剂分子之间的相互作用对制药和化妆品行业的实际重要性导致了这一领域的深入研究。研究了非离子表面活性剂n-辛基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷(OG)与人和大鼠红细胞膜的相互作用。采用将两种红细胞以不同浓度加入到含有OG的低渗培养基中，并测定血红蛋白释放量的方法来测定体外溶血和抗溶血活性。正辛基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷对两种红细胞膜均有双相作用。我们还研究了OG在等渗培养基中与红细胞膜的相互作用;剂量依赖性曲线在人和大鼠红细胞中表现出相似的行为。结果表明，OG对大鼠的抗溶血作用强于对人红细胞的抗溶血作用;此外，大鼠红细胞对低渗休克比人红细胞更敏感。讨论了这些红细胞的不同脂蛋白结构如何决定抗溶血活性的差异。

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引用次数: 4

Effects of Roundup ® Pesticide on the Stability of Human Erythrocyte Membranes and Micronuclei Frequency in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Mice 农达农药对瑞士小鼠红细胞膜稳定性及骨髓细胞微核频率的影响

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2011-08-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701104010054

Humberto Gabriel Rodrigues, N. Penha-Silva, Mariana Ferreira Araujo, H. Nishijo, T. Aversi-Ferreira

Pesticides can affect the health of living organisms through different mechanisms such as membrane denaturation. The evaluation of the deleterious effects of chemical agents on biological membranes can be performed through the analysis of the stability of erythrocytes against a concentration gradient of certain chemical agent in physiologic saline solution. This work analyzed the effect of the herbicide Roundup ® on the membrane of human erythrocytes in blood samples collected with EDTA or heparin as anticoagulant agent. The results were analyzed through spectrophotometry at 540 nm and light microscopy. There was an agreement between spectrophometric and morphologic analyses. At the concentration limit recommended for agricultural purposes, Roundup ® promoted 100% of hemolysis. The D50Roundup ® values obtained for human blood samples collected with EDTA were not significantly different from those obtained for samples collected with heparin. However, the lysis curves presented lower absorbance values at 540 nm in the presence of blood collected with EDTA in relation to that collected with heparin, probably due to hemoglobin precipitation with EDTA. This work also analyzed the effects of three different Roundup ® doses (0.148, 0.754 and 1.28 mg/kg) on the micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells of Swiss mice in relation to a positive control of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg). The two highest Roundup ® doses showed the same genotoxicity level as the positive control.

农药可通过膜变性等不同机制影响生物的健康。评价化学制剂对生物膜的有害作用可以通过分析红细胞对生理盐水溶液中某种化学制剂浓度梯度的稳定性来进行。本研究分析了除草剂农达对以EDTA或肝素作为抗凝剂采集的血液样本中红细胞膜的影响。用分光光度法和光镜对结果进行分析。分光光度法和形态学分析结果一致。在农业用途推荐的浓度限制下，农达®促进了100%的溶血。EDTA采集的人类血液样本的D50Roundup®值与肝素采集的样本的D50Roundup®值无显著差异。然而，在用EDTA采集的血液中，溶解曲线在540 nm处的吸光度值比用肝素采集的低，这可能是由于EDTA沉淀了血红蛋白。本研究还分析了三种不同农达剂量(0.148、0.754和1.28 mg/kg)与环磷酰胺阳性对照(250 mg/kg)对瑞士小鼠骨髓细胞微核频率的影响。两个最高剂量的农达显示出与阳性对照相同的遗传毒性水平。

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引用次数: 10

On the Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Oligomerization G蛋白偶联受体寡聚化的作用研究

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2011-05-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701104010047

Maricel Gómez-Soler, S. Ahern, V. Fernández-Dueñas, F. Ciruela

The existence of a supramolecular organization of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is now being widely accepted by the scientific community. Indeed, GPCR oligomers may enhance the diversity and performance by which extracellular signals are transferred to the G proteins in the process of receptor transduction, although the mechanism that underlies this phenomenon still remains unsolved. Recently, it has been proposed that a trans-conformational switching model could be the mechanism allowing direct inhibition/activation of receptor activation/inhibition, respectively. Thus, heterotropic receptor-receptor allosteric regulations are behind the GPCR oligomeric function. In this paper we want to revise how GPCR oligomerization impinges on several important receptor functions like biosynthesis, plasma membrane diffusion or velocity, pharmacology and signaling. In particular, the rationale of receptor oligomerization might lie in the need of sensing complex whole cell extracellular signals and translating them into a simple computational model.

G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)的超分子组织的存在目前已被科学界广泛接受。事实上，GPCR低聚物可能会增强细胞外信号在受体转导过程中传递给G蛋白的多样性和性能，尽管这一现象背后的机制仍未得到解决。最近，有人提出一种反构象开关模型可能是直接抑制/激活受体激活/抑制的机制。因此，异向受体-受体变构调节是GPCR寡聚体功能的背后。在本文中，我们想修正GPCR寡聚化如何影响几个重要的受体功能，如生物合成，质膜扩散或速度，药理学和信号传导。特别是，受体寡聚化的基本原理可能在于需要感知复杂的全细胞胞外信号并将其转化为简单的计算模型。

引用次数: 1

Comparative Physiology of the Respiratory System in the Animal Kingdom 动物王国呼吸系统的比较生理学

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2011-03-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701104010035

O. Carvalho, C. Gonçalves

The inconstant environment in which animals lives and the variation of their metabolic states determined the gas exchangers system that must be able to operate efficiently across a spectrum of conditions that range from resting to exercise and even under hypoxia. The primordial respiratory organs that evolved for water breathing were the gills, evaginated gas exchangers, whereas for terrestrial air breathing developed a invaginated gas exchangers, the lungs. Specialized organs evolved for animals that can extract oxygen from water and air, consider as a transitional breathing (or bimodal). From amphibians to mammals, it is possible to verify that the dimensions of their respiratory units are being increasingly smaller and the number per unit of lung volume increases. The evolution of the vertebrate respiratory system achieved its most efficient state in birds, with their constant volume parabronchial lungs and their highly compliant air sacs with low pressure ventilation that, enabling them to sustained flapping flight. In contrast, the mammalian bronchoalveolar lungs, with their mandatory high-pressure ventilation and great volume changes, allowed the development of adaptations that favour, for example, a highly mobile trunk for high velocity running predators or to live in a deep-sea.

动物生活的不稳定环境和代谢状态的变化决定了气体交换系统必须能够在从休息到运动甚至缺氧的一系列条件下有效运作。为了在水中呼吸而进化的原始呼吸器官是鳃，外翻的气体交换器，而为了在陆地上呼吸而进化的是肺，外翻的气体交换器。动物进化出能够从水和空气中提取氧气的特殊器官，被认为是一种过渡性呼吸(或双峰呼吸)。从两栖动物到哺乳动物，可以证实它们的呼吸单位的尺寸越来越小，单位肺容量的数量也在增加。脊椎动物呼吸系统的进化在鸟类中达到了最有效的状态，它们具有恒定容量的支气管旁肺和高度柔顺的气囊，具有低压通气，使它们能够持续拍打飞行。相比之下，哺乳动物的支气管肺泡肺具有强制性的高压通气和巨大的容积变化，使得它们能够发展出适应性，例如，为高速奔跑的捕食者提供高度移动的躯干，或者在深海中生活。

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引用次数: 12

Fighting Nosocomial Infection Rates in the General Surgery Department of the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali 马里巴马科加布里埃尔图雷教学医院普通外科的医院感染率

The Open Biology Journal

Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100087

T. A, Traore A, C. Y, Diallo S, Dembele B T, Diakite I, Diani N, S. B, Traore B A, Diallo G

Nosocomial infections (NI) or hospital-acquired diseases are indicators of the quality of care. This study conducted in Mali aimed to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections, to recognize the risk factors, to identify the pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics and to determine the additional cost of care. The study lasted 6 months from January to June 2007, and the diagnosis of nosocomial infections was based on criteria from the USA C.D.C (Center for Disease Control). We identified 460 patients and 44 among them (9.6%) were affected by nosocomial infections, which included 31 cases of surgical site infections (57.4%), 9 cases of infections on burns (16.7%), 7 cases of lung infections (13%), and 7 cases of urinary tract infections (13%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (44%). All isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and 46% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The risk factors for infection were emergency surgery, ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) class and the type of surgery defined by Altemeir. The preoperative preparation of the patients, the strict respect of hygiene and asepsis to the operating room can reduce the frequency of NI in our country.

医院感染(NI)或医院获得性疾病是医疗质量的指标。在马里进行的这项研究旨在确定医院感染的频率，识别风险因素，确定病原体及其对抗生素的敏感性，并确定额外的护理费用。该研究从2007年1月至6月持续了6个月，医院感染的诊断基于美国疾病控制中心的标准。460例患者中有44例(9.6%)发生院内感染，其中手术部位感染31例(57.4%)，烧伤感染9例(16.7%)，肺部感染7例(13%)，尿路感染7例(13%)。最常见的分离细菌是大肠杆菌(44%)。所有分离的细菌对阿莫西林耐药，46%对环丙沙星敏感。感染的危险因素为急诊手术、ASA(美国麻醉学会)分类和Altemeir定义的手术类型。患者的术前准备，对手术室的卫生和无菌的严格尊重，可以减少NI在我国的发生。

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引用次数: 11