The capability of thermal metamaterials is required from single function to multifunction under different external heat conditions. The methods to develop thermal materials by simple structural transformations have been explored. While, the components of traditional thermal metamaterial are mainly set as solid materials, which is difficult to change the composition of materials, such as recombing and fixing the spatial position of material, because of material rigidity. Therefore, the potential of thermal materials is limited. Liquid has fluidity in spatial structure, for which the efficient combination of solid-liquid materials provides an avenue for dynamically modeling thermal field. Herein, we propose the concept of two-phase thermal metamaterial, which is switchable by microscale elements. On one side, we develop a switchable thermal meta-unit manipulated by micro-element under the gradient field and explore the process of heat transfer by focusing on radiation and conduction under translucent media condition. Otherwise, we propose a method to achieve a non-reciprocal heat transfer system by the design of two-phase media. The propose of two-phase thermal metamaterials set a general background for a variety of applications for complex conditions.
{"title":"Two-Phase Thermal Metamaterial","authors":"Zifu Xu, Longqiu Li, Jiaxin Li","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The capability of thermal metamaterials is required from single function to multifunction under different external heat conditions. The methods to develop thermal materials by simple structural transformations have been explored. While, the components of traditional thermal metamaterial are mainly set as solid materials, which is difficult to change the composition of materials, such as recombing and fixing the spatial position of material, because of material rigidity. Therefore, the potential of thermal materials is limited. Liquid has fluidity in spatial structure, for which the efficient combination of solid-liquid materials provides an avenue for dynamically modeling thermal field.\u0000 Herein, we propose the concept of two-phase thermal metamaterial, which is switchable by microscale elements. On one side, we develop a switchable thermal meta-unit manipulated by micro-element under the gradient field and explore the process of heat transfer by focusing on radiation and conduction under translucent media condition. Otherwise, we propose a method to achieve a non-reciprocal heat transfer system by the design of two-phase media. The propose of two-phase thermal metamaterials set a general background for a variety of applications for complex conditions.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Space-time modulation puts a new twist on controlling wave behaviors and opens the door for unprecedented wave manipulation capabilities. Here we propose a space-time modulated membrane system aiming to realize the unidirectional parametric amplification. Two different approaches, continuous model and transfer matrix method, are applied to analyze the acoustic response of the system under a monochromatic incidence. In the proposed space-time modulated membrane system, these two methods are in good agreement with each other. Results show that under a monochromatic incidence from one end of the system, a harmonic is generated, and both the incident wave and generated wave exponentially grow along with the system. Our work demonstrates a metamaterial realization of unidirectional acoustic parametric amplifier via space-time modulated membranes, which offers a design platform for a number of applications in sensing, imaging and communication.
{"title":"Unidirectional Acoustic Parametric Amplification in Space-Time Modulated Membrane System","authors":"Xiaohui Zhu, Longqiu Li, G. Zhang","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22274","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Space-time modulation puts a new twist on controlling wave behaviors and opens the door for unprecedented wave manipulation capabilities. Here we propose a space-time modulated membrane system aiming to realize the unidirectional parametric amplification. Two different approaches, continuous model and transfer matrix method, are applied to analyze the acoustic response of the system under a monochromatic incidence. In the proposed space-time modulated membrane system, these two methods are in good agreement with each other. Results show that under a monochromatic incidence from one end of the system, a harmonic is generated, and both the incident wave and generated wave exponentially grow along with the system. Our work demonstrates a metamaterial realization of unidirectional acoustic parametric amplifier via space-time modulated membranes, which offers a design platform for a number of applications in sensing, imaging and communication.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interaction between modes due to internal resonance has many applications in MEMS devices. In this paper, we investigate the modal interaction through 3 : 1 internal resonance of an electrostatically actuated microbeam with flexible supports in the form of rotational and transversal springs. The static displacement and the first three modal frequencies are obtained at the applied DC voltage by a reduced order model for a specified ratio of electrode gap and thickness. We then obtain the value of applied voltage for which 3 : 1 internal resonance exists for four different combinations of unequal end support stiffnesses. We calculate the coefficients of the coupled dynamical equations of first two modes for all the four cases and solve them by using numerical time integration and the method of multiple scales. We observe the interaction between the first and the second mode when each of the modes is independently excited by an external source. When the second mode is externally excited, interestingly, we also find that the undriven mode response amplitude is twice that of the driven mode.
{"title":"Investigation of 3:1 Internal Resonance of Electrostatically Actuated Microbeams With Flexible Supports","authors":"Praveen Kumar, M. Inamdar, D. N. Pawaskar","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Interaction between modes due to internal resonance has many applications in MEMS devices. In this paper, we investigate the modal interaction through 3 : 1 internal resonance of an electrostatically actuated microbeam with flexible supports in the form of rotational and transversal springs. The static displacement and the first three modal frequencies are obtained at the applied DC voltage by a reduced order model for a specified ratio of electrode gap and thickness. We then obtain the value of applied voltage for which 3 : 1 internal resonance exists for four different combinations of unequal end support stiffnesses. We calculate the coefficients of the coupled dynamical equations of first two modes for all the four cases and solve them by using numerical time integration and the method of multiple scales. We observe the interaction between the first and the second mode when each of the modes is independently excited by an external source. When the second mode is externally excited, interestingly, we also find that the undriven mode response amplitude is twice that of the driven mode.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123626006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Valori, R. Surace, V. Basile, L. Luzi, R. Vertechy, I. Fassi
The aim of the research activity reported in this paper is to investigate a promising approach for the rapid and customized manufacturing of miniature flexure hinges with predictable and reliable mechanical performances. With these premises, the proposed methodology combines stereolithography and micro injection moulding, with the aim of exploiting the advantages of both manufacturing techniques. As a preliminary case study, a corner filleted hinge made of polyoxymethylene (POM) has been realized in multiple identical specimens that are then characterized in terms of both dimensional accuracy and function.
{"title":"Rapid Fabrication of POM Flexure Hinges via a Combined Injection Molding and Stereolithography Approach","authors":"M. Valori, R. Surace, V. Basile, L. Luzi, R. Vertechy, I. Fassi","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22476","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the research activity reported in this paper is to investigate a promising approach for the rapid and customized manufacturing of miniature flexure hinges with predictable and reliable mechanical performances. With these premises, the proposed methodology combines stereolithography and micro injection moulding, with the aim of exploiting the advantages of both manufacturing techniques. As a preliminary case study, a corner filleted hinge made of polyoxymethylene (POM) has been realized in multiple identical specimens that are then characterized in terms of both dimensional accuracy and function.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132003334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danming Wei, Ruoshi Zhang, M. Saadatzi, Olalekan O. Olowo, D. Popa
Pressure sensitive robotic skins have long been investigated for applications to physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Numerous challenges related to fabrication, sensitivity, density, and reliability remain to be addressed under various environmental and use conditions. In our previous studies, we designed novel strain gauge sensor structures for robotic skin arrays. We coated these star-shaped designs with an organic polymer piezoresistive material, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ploy(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT: PSS and integrated sensor arrays into elastomer robotic skins. In this paper, we describe a dry etching photolithographic method to create a stable uniform sensor layer of PEDOT:PSS onto star-shaped sensors and a lamination process for creating double-sided robotic skins that can be used with temperature compensation. An integrated circuit and load testing apparatus was designed for testing the resulting robotic skin pressure performance. Experiments were conducted to measure the loading performance of the resulting sensor prototypes and results indicate that over 80% sensor yields are possible with this fabrication process.
{"title":"Organic Piezoresistive Pressure Sensitive Robotic Skin for Physical Human-Robot Interaction","authors":"Danming Wei, Ruoshi Zhang, M. Saadatzi, Olalekan O. Olowo, D. Popa","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22604","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pressure sensitive robotic skins have long been investigated for applications to physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Numerous challenges related to fabrication, sensitivity, density, and reliability remain to be addressed under various environmental and use conditions. In our previous studies, we designed novel strain gauge sensor structures for robotic skin arrays. We coated these star-shaped designs with an organic polymer piezoresistive material, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ploy(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT: PSS and integrated sensor arrays into elastomer robotic skins. In this paper, we describe a dry etching photolithographic method to create a stable uniform sensor layer of PEDOT:PSS onto star-shaped sensors and a lamination process for creating double-sided robotic skins that can be used with temperature compensation. An integrated circuit and load testing apparatus was designed for testing the resulting robotic skin pressure performance. Experiments were conducted to measure the loading performance of the resulting sensor prototypes and results indicate that over 80% sensor yields are possible with this fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134055020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hasan, F. Alsaleem, Amin Abbasalipour, Siavash Pourkamali Anaraki, Muhammad Emad-Un-Din, R. Jafari
The size and power limitations in small electronic systems such as wearable devices limit their potential. Significant energy is lost utilizing current computational schemes in processes such as analog-to-digital conversion and wireless communication for cloud computing. Edge computing, where information is processed near the data sources, was shown to significantly enhance the performance of computational systems and reduce their power consumption. In this work, we push computation directly into the sensory node by presenting the use of an array of electrostatic Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors to perform colocalized sensing-and-computing. The MEMS network is operated around the pull-in regime to access the instability jump and the hysteresis available in this regime. Within this regime, the MEMS network is capable of emulating the response of the continuous-time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) computational scheme. The network is shown to be successful at classifying a quasi-static input acceleration waveform into square or triangle signals in the absence of digital processors. Our results show that the MEMS may be a viable solution for edge computing implementation without the need for digital electronics or micro-processors. Moreover, our results can be used as a basis for the development of new types of specialized MEMS sensors (ex: gesture recognition sensors).
{"title":"Machine Learning Augmentation in Micro-Sensor Assemblies","authors":"M. Hasan, F. Alsaleem, Amin Abbasalipour, Siavash Pourkamali Anaraki, Muhammad Emad-Un-Din, R. Jafari","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22665","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The size and power limitations in small electronic systems such as wearable devices limit their potential. Significant energy is lost utilizing current computational schemes in processes such as analog-to-digital conversion and wireless communication for cloud computing. Edge computing, where information is processed near the data sources, was shown to significantly enhance the performance of computational systems and reduce their power consumption. In this work, we push computation directly into the sensory node by presenting the use of an array of electrostatic Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors to perform colocalized sensing-and-computing. The MEMS network is operated around the pull-in regime to access the instability jump and the hysteresis available in this regime. Within this regime, the MEMS network is capable of emulating the response of the continuous-time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) computational scheme. The network is shown to be successful at classifying a quasi-static input acceleration waveform into square or triangle signals in the absence of digital processors. Our results show that the MEMS may be a viable solution for edge computing implementation without the need for digital electronics or micro-processors. Moreover, our results can be used as a basis for the development of new types of specialized MEMS sensors (ex: gesture recognition sensors).","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124522692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the frequency-amplitude response of electrostatically actuated Bio-MEMS clamped circular plates under superharmonic resonance of fourth order. The system consists of an elastic circular plate parallel to a ground plate. An AC voltage between the two plates will lead to vibrations of the elastic plate. Method of Multiple Scales, and Reduced Order Model with two modes of vibration are the two methods used in this work. The two methods show similar amplitude-frequency response, with an agreement in the low amplitudes. The difference between the two methods can be seen for larger amplitudes. The effects of voltage and damping on the amplitude-frequency response are reported. The steady-state amplitudes in the resonant zone increase with the increase of voltage and with the decrease of damping.
{"title":"Bio-MEMS Circular Plate Sensors Under Electrostatic Hard Excitations: Frequency Response of Superharmonic Resonance of Fourth Order","authors":"Julio Beatriz, D. Caruntu","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the frequency-amplitude response of electrostatically actuated Bio-MEMS clamped circular plates under superharmonic resonance of fourth order. The system consists of an elastic circular plate parallel to a ground plate. An AC voltage between the two plates will lead to vibrations of the elastic plate. Method of Multiple Scales, and Reduced Order Model with two modes of vibration are the two methods used in this work. The two methods show similar amplitude-frequency response, with an agreement in the low amplitudes. The difference between the two methods can be seen for larger amplitudes. The effects of voltage and damping on the amplitude-frequency response are reported. The steady-state amplitudes in the resonant zone increase with the increase of voltage and with the decrease of damping.","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sterling Voss, Bret Mecham, L. Bowden, J. Monroe, A. Bowden, B. Jensen
Physically altering the micro-topography of a surface can dramatically affect its capacity to support or prevent biofilm growth. Growing carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes on biomedical materials is one such approach which has proven effective. Unfortunately, the high temperature and carbon-rich gas exposure required for this procedure has proven to have deleterious effects. This paper proposes a kinetic model to explain the rusting phenomenon observed on 316L stainless steel substrates which have undergone the chemical vapor deposition process to grow carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes. The model is derived from Fick’s Second Law, and predicts the growth of chromium carbide as a function of temperature and time. Chromium carbide formation is shown to be the mechanism of corrosion, as chromium atoms are leeched from the the matrix, preventing the formation of a passivating chromium oxide layer in place of problematic iron oxide (rust) formation. The model is validated using experimental methods, which involve immersion in bacteria culture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
{"title":"316L Stainless Steel Sensitization in Carbon Nanotube CVD Growth for Bacterial Resistance","authors":"Sterling Voss, Bret Mecham, L. Bowden, J. Monroe, A. Bowden, B. Jensen","doi":"10.1115/detc2020-22391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22391","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Physically altering the micro-topography of a surface can dramatically affect its capacity to support or prevent biofilm growth. Growing carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes on biomedical materials is one such approach which has proven effective. Unfortunately, the high temperature and carbon-rich gas exposure required for this procedure has proven to have deleterious effects. This paper proposes a kinetic model to explain the rusting phenomenon observed on 316L stainless steel substrates which have undergone the chemical vapor deposition process to grow carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes. The model is derived from Fick’s Second Law, and predicts the growth of chromium carbide as a function of temperature and time. Chromium carbide formation is shown to be the mechanism of corrosion, as chromium atoms are leeched from the the matrix, preventing the formation of a passivating chromium oxide layer in place of problematic iron oxide (rust) formation. The model is validated using experimental methods, which involve immersion in bacteria culture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).","PeriodicalId":229776,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: 14th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123719379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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