Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.6
G. Jefferson, Renai Jiang
This chapter assesses China’s science and technology (S&T) progress through the lens of the patenting literature in the context of China. In particular, after presenting an overview of China’s patent production over the past twenty-five years, it investigates the following questions: What accounts for China’s patent surge? What are the implications of the surge for patent quality? Does the nature of the patenting reveal China’s S&T direction and comparative advantage? How has the international sector affected China’s patent production? What has been the role of the government—the central, provincial, and local governments—in shaping patent production? And finally, how heterogeneous is China’s regional patent production; are patenting capabilities diffusing across China?
{"title":"China’s Science and Technology Progress through the Lens of Patenting","authors":"G. Jefferson, Renai Jiang","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses China’s science and technology (S&T) progress through the lens of the patenting literature in the context of China. In particular, after presenting an overview of China’s patent production over the past twenty-five years, it investigates the following questions: What accounts for China’s patent surge? What are the implications of the surge for patent quality? Does the nature of the patenting reveal China’s S&T direction and comparative advantage? How has the international sector affected China’s patent production? What has been the role of the government—the central, provincial, and local governments—in shaping patent production? And finally, how heterogeneous is China’s regional patent production; are patenting capabilities diffusing across China?","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73837329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.34
Liqing Zhang
Substantial innovations have happened in China’s financial sector over the past four decades, ranging from the significant increase of institutions, changes of market structure, and development of products to the improvement of regulatory frameworks. These changes and innovations reflect China’s transition from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy; persistent demand of various financial services derived from the government, corporations, and individuals in a period of rapid economic growth; and alternatively occurring regulation and deregulation by the authorities. The unprecedentedly advanced progress of technology, especially the emergence of modern information revolutions, makes all these changes and innovations possible. Financial innovation has made profound impacts on China’s economic efficiency, financial stability, and social equality, among them some quite positive and some relatively negative.
{"title":"China’s Financial Innovation","authors":"Liqing Zhang","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial innovations have happened in China’s financial sector over the past four decades, ranging from the significant increase of institutions, changes of market structure, and development of products to the improvement of regulatory frameworks. These changes and innovations reflect China’s transition from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy; persistent demand of various financial services derived from the government, corporations, and individuals in a period of rapid economic growth; and alternatively occurring regulation and deregulation by the authorities. The unprecedentedly advanced progress of technology, especially the emergence of modern information revolutions, makes all these changes and innovations possible. Financial innovation has made profound impacts on China’s economic efficiency, financial stability, and social equality, among them some quite positive and some relatively negative.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78611912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.22
Bruce Mckern, George S. Yip, D. Jolly
For many years, and with great emphasis since 1995, China has followed a technology-and education-led development strategy. Foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) have played an important role in China’s growth, in developing innovations and contributing to the creation of intellectual capital in China. This chapter reviews the role of MNCs in the creation of foreign intellectual capital in China and its transfer to Chinese firms, including incentives and policy implications for indigenous innovation. It also discusses the evolution of MNCs’ research and development (R&D) strategies in China, China’s policies toward attracting foreign intellectual capital, and the changing policy environment.
{"title":"Innovation Strategies of Multinational Corporations in China and Their Contribution to the National Ecosystem","authors":"Bruce Mckern, George S. Yip, D. Jolly","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, and with great emphasis since 1995, China has followed a technology-and education-led development strategy. Foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) have played an important role in China’s growth, in developing innovations and contributing to the creation of intellectual capital in China. This chapter reviews the role of MNCs in the creation of foreign intellectual capital in China and its transfer to Chinese firms, including incentives and policy implications for indigenous innovation. It also discusses the evolution of MNCs’ research and development (R&D) strategies in China, China’s policies toward attracting foreign intellectual capital, and the changing policy environment.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87821237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.15
Jian Gao, R. Mu
This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive understanding on the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation initiative in China from its formation, to its implementation, to its implication. It identifies that the institutional mechanism, finance, intellectual capital, and services and supports for the entrepreneurship and innovation are the most significant aspects in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in China. Although the policies of the initiative are comprehensive and effective, the majority of them are supply oriented. More policies should be considered based on the constraints and difficulties faced by the entrepreneurs and startup companies, as well as the other participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. On the whole, the mass entrepreneurship and innovation initiative has made tangible progress in the improvement of the business environment and in the vitality and diversity of entrepreneurship and innovation activities. Moreover, it is an innovative reform on the institutions and mechanisms of entrepreneurship and innovation, significantly improving the systems and capabilities of governance in China.
{"title":"Mass Entrepreneurship and Mass Innovation in China","authors":"Jian Gao, R. Mu","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive understanding on the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation initiative in China from its formation, to its implementation, to its implication. It identifies that the institutional mechanism, finance, intellectual capital, and services and supports for the entrepreneurship and innovation are the most significant aspects in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in China. Although the policies of the initiative are comprehensive and effective, the majority of them are supply oriented. More policies should be considered based on the constraints and difficulties faced by the entrepreneurs and startup companies, as well as the other participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. On the whole, the mass entrepreneurship and innovation initiative has made tangible progress in the improvement of the business environment and in the vitality and diversity of entrepreneurship and innovation activities. Moreover, it is an innovative reform on the institutions and mechanisms of entrepreneurship and innovation, significantly improving the systems and capabilities of governance in China.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83863601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.5
R. Mu, Jin Chen, Rebecca Wenjing Lyu
Innovation studies (IS) has been an interdisciplinary research field over decades of development, based on economics, business and management, sociology, policy, organization studies, and other related subjects. This chapter examines the origin and evolution of the field of IS and systematically reviews the key academic achievements and contributors in the IS community. This chapter also proposes a comprehensive and integrated research review for IS in China. In fact, despite its irreplaceable and essential role in economy, innovation also enjoys an important position in theoretical research in China. Based on unique innovation management practices in Chinese enterprises, Chinese scholars have proposed several unique innovation theories, such as “3I pattern” (imitation, improvement, and innovation), indigenous innovation, total innovation management, etc. Now, during its transition from a major innovative nation to a super innovative nation, China is facing the challenge of how to stimulate more major innovation patterns that would “change the world” in the era of the knowledge economy; thus, based on a holistic review of Chinese innovation journey, we propose a Chinese innovation paradigm and discuss future directions for Chinese IS.
{"title":"The Development of Innovation Studies in China","authors":"R. Mu, Jin Chen, Rebecca Wenjing Lyu","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation studies (IS) has been an interdisciplinary research field over decades of development, based on economics, business and management, sociology, policy, organization studies, and other related subjects. This chapter examines the origin and evolution of the field of IS and systematically reviews the key academic achievements and contributors in the IS community. This chapter also proposes a comprehensive and integrated research review for IS in China. In fact, despite its irreplaceable and essential role in economy, innovation also enjoys an important position in theoretical research in China. Based on unique innovation management practices in Chinese enterprises, Chinese scholars have proposed several unique innovation theories, such as “3I pattern” (imitation, improvement, and innovation), indigenous innovation, total innovation management, etc. Now, during its transition from a major innovative nation to a super innovative nation, China is facing the challenge of how to stimulate more major innovation patterns that would “change the world” in the era of the knowledge economy; thus, based on a holistic review of Chinese innovation journey, we propose a Chinese innovation paradigm and discuss future directions for Chinese IS.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.26
Kaihua Chen, Ze-yong Feng, Xiaolan Fu
At present, China is in the critical period of economic growth transformation and structural adjustment. Strengthening international innovation cooperation is becoming extremely important. However, there are distinctive characteristics of international innovation collaboration that differ from domestic research collaboration, so that international innovation collaboration meets more challenges compared with other kinds of research collaboration. This chapter attempts to analyze China’s international innovation cooperation from a more macro level. Combining theory with practice, the chapter analyzes the necessity of international innovation cooperation, China’s practice and experience, and the status quo of China’s international cooperation. The chapter provides suggestions for solving the problems existing in the present stage. It also collates and forecasts the future research areas of international innovation cooperation.
{"title":"International Innovation Collaboration in China","authors":"Kaihua Chen, Ze-yong Feng, Xiaolan Fu","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"At present, China is in the critical period of economic growth transformation and structural adjustment. Strengthening international innovation cooperation is becoming extremely important. However, there are distinctive characteristics of international innovation collaboration that differ from domestic research collaboration, so that international innovation collaboration meets more challenges compared with other kinds of research collaboration. This chapter attempts to analyze China’s international innovation cooperation from a more macro level. Combining theory with practice, the chapter analyzes the necessity of international innovation cooperation, China’s practice and experience, and the status quo of China’s international cooperation. The chapter provides suggestions for solving the problems existing in the present stage. It also collates and forecasts the future research areas of international innovation cooperation.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80179100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.4
J. Lin, Jianjun Zhou
China has adopted a transition strategy and industrial policies pragmatically according to its economic reality since the reform and opening up started in 1979. The organic combination of an effective market with a facilitating state was the main reason for the success of China’s economy in the past four decades. In the process of China’s economic development, industrial policies have played a crucial role in both industrial upgrading and technological progress. Relying on the comparative advantage—following strategy, China has fully utilized its latecomer advantage. Chinese enterprises learn advanced technologies from developed countries when the opportunities exist and do indigenous innovation when needed. Pragmatism and learning capacity has been the most important endowments and comparative advantages of the Chinese government and enterprises. With learning capacity, the government and enterprises can pragmatically explore the comparative advantage of the existing factor endowments and convert latent comparative advantages into competitive advantages to promote continuous transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development.
{"title":"China’s Industrial Development Strategies and Policies","authors":"J. Lin, Jianjun Zhou","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"China has adopted a transition strategy and industrial policies pragmatically according to its economic reality since the reform and opening up started in 1979. The organic combination of an effective market with a facilitating state was the main reason for the success of China’s economy in the past four decades. In the process of China’s economic development, industrial policies have played a crucial role in both industrial upgrading and technological progress. Relying on the comparative advantage—following strategy, China has fully utilized its latecomer advantage. Chinese enterprises learn advanced technologies from developed countries when the opportunities exist and do indigenous innovation when needed. Pragmatism and learning capacity has been the most important endowments and comparative advantages of the Chinese government and enterprises. With learning capacity, the government and enterprises can pragmatically explore the comparative advantage of the existing factor endowments and convert latent comparative advantages into competitive advantages to promote continuous transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.2
G. Dosi, Xiaodan Yu
The chapter analyzes the basic ingredients and processes underlying the “great transformation” from traditional, mostly rural economies to economies driven by industrial activities and advanced services, able to systematically learn, imitate, and innovate. In that transformation, a major driver is the accumulation of knowledge and capabilities. Thus, the chapter addresses the nature of such knowledge and the ways its accumulation co-evolves with the “economic machine”—presiding over income growth and distribution—and with the systems of social relations, institutions, and policies. The latter are crucial in nurturing (or hindering) technological and organizational learning. Even if these vary a lot across historical experiences, all successful episodes have in common fundamental departures from “pure market” prescriptions, but rather shape market signals and the very nature and strategies of economic actors. Finally, in the context of these “historical lessons,” the chapter focuses on the analogies and specifications of the case of China.
{"title":"Capabilities Accumulation and Development","authors":"G. Dosi, Xiaodan Yu","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter analyzes the basic ingredients and processes underlying the “great transformation” from traditional, mostly rural economies to economies driven by industrial activities and advanced services, able to systematically learn, imitate, and innovate. In that transformation, a major driver is the accumulation of knowledge and capabilities. Thus, the chapter addresses the nature of such knowledge and the ways its accumulation co-evolves with the “economic machine”—presiding over income growth and distribution—and with the systems of social relations, institutions, and policies. The latter are crucial in nurturing (or hindering) technological and organizational learning. Even if these vary a lot across historical experiences, all successful episodes have in common fundamental departures from “pure market” prescriptions, but rather shape market signals and the very nature and strategies of economic actors. Finally, in the context of these “historical lessons,” the chapter focuses on the analogies and specifications of the case of China.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76857300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.13
Weiying Zhang
China’s economic reform and openness have promoted innovation through intensifying competition. A cross-regional analysis shows that innovations in terms of research and development intensity, patents, and sales of new products are all positively and significantly correlated with the degree of marketization, share of private ownership, and foreign investments. However, China is far away from an innovative economy. The high growth of the past four decades is mainly a result of improvement in allocative efficiency driven by entrepreneurial arbitrage. As the potential of pure allocative efficiency is exhausting, future growth will be more and more dependent on entrepreneurial innovation. For Chinese entrepreneurs to be really innovative and for China to be a real innovative country, abolishing the dominance of the state sector and putting the government under law are urgently called for.
{"title":"System Reform, Competition, and Innovation in China","authors":"Weiying Zhang","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"China’s economic reform and openness have promoted innovation through intensifying competition. A cross-regional analysis shows that innovations in terms of research and development intensity, patents, and sales of new products are all positively and significantly correlated with the degree of marketization, share of private ownership, and foreign investments. However, China is far away from an innovative economy. The high growth of the past four decades is mainly a result of improvement in allocative efficiency driven by entrepreneurial arbitrage. As the potential of pure allocative efficiency is exhausting, future growth will be more and more dependent on entrepreneurial innovation. For Chinese entrepreneurs to be really innovative and for China to be a real innovative country, abolishing the dominance of the state sector and putting the government under law are urgently called for.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73570892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.12
F. Cooke
Education plays a fundamental role, through human capital development, in building the innovation capability and ultimately sustainable economic performance and competitiveness of a nation. In its effort to catch up and increase China’s global competitiveness, the Chinese government has embarked on an ambitious development program in recent decades and treats the educational transformation as part of China’s broader development strategy underpinned by innovation. This chapter examines the role of the state in education reform to raise the creativity and innovation capacity of the nation. It discusses characteristics and pitfalls of creativity/innovation education and entrepreneurship education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels with reference to teaching objectives, mechanisms/techniques, and effectiveness. It also proposes a number of suggestions for key stakeholders to develop an integrated and effective system of innovation and entrepreneurship education to meet various needs of individuals, communities, and society.
{"title":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Its Implications for Human Capital Development in China","authors":"F. Cooke","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"Education plays a fundamental role, through human capital development, in building the innovation capability and ultimately sustainable economic performance and competitiveness of a nation. In its effort to catch up and increase China’s global competitiveness, the Chinese government has embarked on an ambitious development program in recent decades and treats the educational transformation as part of China’s broader development strategy underpinned by innovation. This chapter examines the role of the state in education reform to raise the creativity and innovation capacity of the nation. It discusses characteristics and pitfalls of creativity/innovation education and entrepreneurship education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels with reference to teaching objectives, mechanisms/techniques, and effectiveness. It also proposes a number of suggestions for key stakeholders to develop an integrated and effective system of innovation and entrepreneurship education to meet various needs of individuals, communities, and society.","PeriodicalId":23041,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91516355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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