Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00016.X
Navjot Singh Resum, Palneez Kour, Harbir Singh, N. Sharma
Postpartum hemoglobinuria is a non-infectious haemolytic syndrome of adult cattle and buffaloes, a potent thread to these animals in India and Pakistan affecting considerable number of animals every year during advance pregnancy and early lactation. It is characterized by intra venous hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, severe anemia and death due to anemia and anoxia. The exact pathogenesis of this problem is not fully understood. The exhaustive studies have been undertaken and are still in progress to elucidate the exact cause of intravascular hemolysis which is the cause of hemoglobinuria in this disease. However, phosphorus deficiency in high yielding animals during early stage of lactation is widely believed to be associated with postpartum hemoglobinuria. A variety of risk factors have been reported to be associated with this disease in different part of world. Hematology and urinalysis are most commonly adopted diagnostic tools for the PPH. Moreover, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity may be used a more specific diagnostic indicator of PPH. Various studies have been suggested that administration of sodium acid phosphate along with supportive therapy with anti-oxidants and other important minsrals, can be used as a therapeutic protocol for management of PPH.
{"title":"Post-Partum Hemoglobinuria (PPH) in Bovine","authors":"Navjot Singh Resum, Palneez Kour, Harbir Singh, N. Sharma","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00016.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00016.X","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum hemoglobinuria is a non-infectious haemolytic syndrome of adult cattle and buffaloes, a potent thread to these animals in India and Pakistan affecting considerable number of animals every year during advance pregnancy and early lactation. It is characterized by intra venous hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, severe anemia and death due to anemia and anoxia. The exact pathogenesis of this problem is not fully understood. The exhaustive studies have been undertaken and are still in progress to elucidate the exact cause of intravascular hemolysis which is the cause of hemoglobinuria in this disease. However, phosphorus deficiency in high yielding animals during early stage of lactation is widely believed to be associated with postpartum hemoglobinuria. A variety of risk factors have been reported to be associated with this disease in different part of world. Hematology and urinalysis are most commonly adopted diagnostic tools for the PPH. Moreover, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity may be used a more specific diagnostic indicator of PPH. Various studies have been suggested that administration of sodium acid phosphate along with supportive therapy with anti-oxidants and other important minsrals, can be used as a therapeutic protocol for management of PPH.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"6 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86461188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00011.0
M. Sitali, J. Ngoma, J. Chanda, M. Chiyoba, E. C. Sitali
A 5 year old Simmental cow was presented with a primary problem of difficult in parturition (Dystocia). This was the second calving for the cow. One foetal hind limb was seen protruding from the vulva and three limbs were palpated in the cervix on vaginal exploration. Vulval discharges were observed visually. A caesarotomy was performed on the standing animal from the left flank which led to the exteriorisation of live male twin calves. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of twinning in the Simmental cow in Zambia.
{"title":"Twinning from a simmental cow-case report","authors":"M. Sitali, J. Ngoma, J. Chanda, M. Chiyoba, E. C. Sitali","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00011.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00011.0","url":null,"abstract":"A 5 year old Simmental cow was presented with a primary problem of difficult in parturition (Dystocia). This was the second calving for the cow. One foetal hind limb was seen protruding from the vulva and three limbs were palpated in the cervix on vaginal exploration. Vulval discharges were observed visually. A caesarotomy was performed on the standing animal from the left flank which led to the exteriorisation of live male twin calves. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of twinning in the Simmental cow in Zambia.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"5 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00026.2
Rouf Rashid Dar, Sheikh Firdous, B. Y. Amin, Ajaz Ali, K. Narayanan, Mauli Patel
Luteal dysfunction, also called as luteal insufficiency or luteal inadequacy is a major endocrine etiology of repeat breeding syndrome in the cattle and buffalo leading to early embryonic mortality and decreased reproductive efficiency of the dairy herd. The luteal inadequacy as an independent component of repeat breeding acts as a sequela to either inadequate progesterone or the premature luteal regression that clinically manifest as delayed ovulation with an extended follicular phase, longer interval between luteolysis and ovulation, delayed postovulatory rise in progesterone concentration and presence of suprabasal progesterone concentration during follicular phase allowing follicular and oocyte ageing due to postponemet of LH surge. Luteal inadequacy can be addressed either at post breeding window of day 0-12 with different hormonal combinations including GnRH, hCG, progesterone or by non hormonal antiluteolytic strategies like ω-3 and ω-6 polyunstaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation in the diet.
{"title":"Luteal Dysfunction: A Potential Cause of Repeat Breeding and the Strategies to Combat it","authors":"Rouf Rashid Dar, Sheikh Firdous, B. Y. Amin, Ajaz Ali, K. Narayanan, Mauli Patel","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00026.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00026.2","url":null,"abstract":"Luteal dysfunction, also called as luteal insufficiency or luteal inadequacy is a major endocrine etiology of repeat breeding syndrome in the cattle and buffalo leading to early embryonic mortality and decreased reproductive efficiency of the dairy herd. The luteal inadequacy as an independent component of repeat breeding acts as a sequela to either inadequate progesterone or the premature luteal regression that clinically manifest as delayed ovulation with an extended follicular phase, longer interval between luteolysis and ovulation, delayed postovulatory rise in progesterone concentration and presence of suprabasal progesterone concentration during follicular phase allowing follicular and oocyte ageing due to postponemet of LH surge. Luteal inadequacy can be addressed either at post breeding window of day 0-12 with different hormonal combinations including GnRH, hCG, progesterone or by non hormonal antiluteolytic strategies like ω-3 and ω-6 polyunstaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation in the diet.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"18 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76916714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00010.9
S. Lone, N. Shah, H. Yadav, M. A. Wagay, Ajeet Singh, R. Sinha
Evaluation of sperm quality has been mainly based on subjective parameters included in the spermiogram. Results of these parameters have been correlated with fertility but this relationship is not always true. Recently, for bull fertility assessment, sperm DNA integrity assessment has been proposed as an important index. Sperm DNA integrity has got an important role in success of fertilization process and fetal and offspring development. DNA integrity assessment has got a pivotal role in assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), besides sperm quality assessment and putative fertility predictor. Various techniques for assessment of sperm DNA integrity have been proposed. Using various sperm DNA integrity assays for detection and characterization of DNA fragmentation will aid in improving semen storage procedures by identification of various protocols which are less likely to be associated with DNA damage. Moreover, sperm DNA assays may help in screening bulls that produce good freezable semen with reasonable fertility.
{"title":"Sperm DNA damage causes, assessment and relationship with fertility: A review","authors":"S. Lone, N. Shah, H. Yadav, M. A. Wagay, Ajeet Singh, R. Sinha","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00010.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00010.9","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of sperm quality has been mainly based on subjective parameters included in the spermiogram. Results of these parameters have been correlated with fertility but this relationship is not always true. Recently, for bull fertility assessment, sperm DNA integrity assessment has been proposed as an important index. Sperm DNA integrity has got an important role in success of fertilization process and fetal and offspring development. DNA integrity assessment has got a pivotal role in assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), besides sperm quality assessment and putative fertility predictor. Various techniques for assessment of sperm DNA integrity have been proposed. Using various sperm DNA integrity assays for detection and characterization of DNA fragmentation will aid in improving semen storage procedures by identification of various protocols which are less likely to be associated with DNA damage. Moreover, sperm DNA assays may help in screening bulls that produce good freezable semen with reasonable fertility.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"30 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72987920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00014.6
G. Singh, R. Dutt, Sandeep Saharan, J. Dalal, R. Chandolia
{"title":"Dystocia due to Dog Sitting Posture with Lateral Deviation of Head in a Mare","authors":"G. Singh, R. Dutt, Sandeep Saharan, J. Dalal, R. Chandolia","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00014.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00014.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89774500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00031.6
J. Sultana, B. Vidya, K. Sushma, T. Raghunandan
{"title":"Piglet Mortality and its Management","authors":"J. Sultana, B. Vidya, K. Sushma, T. Raghunandan","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00031.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00031.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"409 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84876059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00020.1
R. Niwas, S. Dutt, R. Dutt
The successful surgical management of pyoabdomen due to uterine rupture at whelping in a bitch is reported here.
成功的手术管理，由于子宫破裂，在分娩的母狗脓腹报告在这里。
{"title":"Rupture of Uterus in a Bitch Leading to Pyoabdomen and its Surgical Management: A Case Report","authors":"R. Niwas, S. Dutt, R. Dutt","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00020.1","url":null,"abstract":"The successful surgical management of pyoabdomen due to uterine rupture at whelping in a bitch is reported here.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"98 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73017227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00037.7
T. Rao, B. Kumar, V. Sharma, K. R. Sriranga, A. Baishya, M. Bhakat, T. Mohanty
{"title":"Effect of Vaccination on Performance of Dairy Animals with Special Reference to Bulls: A Review","authors":"T. Rao, B. Kumar, V. Sharma, K. R. Sriranga, A. Baishya, M. Bhakat, T. Mohanty","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00037.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00037.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"280 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75782150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00023.7
A. Khajuria, M. Bhadwal, A. Gupta
Serum cortisol levels following ovario-hysterectomy and post-operative analgesia with carprofen and meloxicam were studied in twelve dogs randomly assigned to Group A and Group B. In Group A, carprofen was administered @ 4 mg/kg i.v, whereas in Group B, meloxicam was administered @ 0.2 mg/ kg i.v, immediately after completion of surgery. Study revealed that the cortisol levels increased up to 6 to 7 fold immediately after ovariohysterectomy. Induction of analgesia with carprofen and meloxicam significantly reduced the level of cortisol. Carprofen was found to be a better analgesic than meloxicam in terms of its role in reducing the cortisol levels post-operatively.
{"title":"Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Response to Ovario-hysterectomy and Following Post-operative Analgesia with Carprofen and Meloxicam in Dogs","authors":"A. Khajuria, M. Bhadwal, A. Gupta","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Serum cortisol levels following ovario-hysterectomy and post-operative analgesia with carprofen and meloxicam were studied in twelve dogs randomly assigned to Group A and Group B. In Group A, carprofen was administered @ 4 mg/kg i.v, whereas in Group B, meloxicam was administered @ 0.2 mg/ kg i.v, immediately after completion of surgery. Study revealed that the cortisol levels increased up to 6 to 7 fold immediately after ovariohysterectomy. Induction of analgesia with carprofen and meloxicam significantly reduced the level of cortisol. Carprofen was found to be a better analgesic than meloxicam in terms of its role in reducing the cortisol levels post-operatively.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"35 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86763960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00008.0
A. Deka, K. Sarma, A. Pachoni, D. Kalita, J. Ahmed
The Common rat snakes (Ptyas mucosa) control the rat in paddy field so it is also called farmer’s friend. The present study was conducted on the heart, lung, trachea, kidney and liver of Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) of about 2.5 years of age. The heart was found secured in the pericardial sac and two aortas originated cranially consisting of left and the right. Lung consisted of highly vascular anterior portion and avascular posterior portion called air sac. Both the kidneys were highly lobulated and elongated. Right kidney was closer to the head than the left one. The trachea had complete ring. The liver was elongated and no distinct separate lobes were present instead the surface of the liver appeared lobulated. These studies will be helpful to wildlife veterinarians in disease control regimes.
{"title":"Macro Anatomical Study on the Heart, Lung, Trachea, Kidney and Liver of Common Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa)","authors":"A. Deka, K. Sarma, A. Pachoni, D. Kalita, J. Ahmed","doi":"10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00008.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00008.0","url":null,"abstract":"The Common rat snakes (Ptyas mucosa) control the rat in paddy field so it is also called farmer’s friend. The present study was conducted on the heart, lung, trachea, kidney and liver of Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) of about 2.5 years of age. The heart was found secured in the pericardial sac and two aortas originated cranially consisting of left and the right. Lung consisted of highly vascular anterior portion and avascular posterior portion called air sac. Both the kidneys were highly lobulated and elongated. Right kidney was closer to the head than the left one. The trachea had complete ring. The liver was elongated and no distinct separate lobes were present instead the surface of the liver appeared lobulated. These studies will be helpful to wildlife veterinarians in disease control regimes.","PeriodicalId":23078,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89593334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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