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THE COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE COMBUSTION OF THE GASIFICATION PRODUCTS IN FLUIDIZED BED OF SOLID FUEL IN UPPER BED LAYER WITH VORTEX BURNING 采用涡流燃烧方法对固体燃料流化床气化产物在上层床层内的燃烧进行了计算机模拟
Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.9
S. Kobzar, G. Kovalenko, A. Khalatov
The swirl afterburning is a promising method of improving the combustion of solid fuels. The aim of the work is to verify the ANSYS CFX software package for calculating the vortex chamber of cyclone-ball furnaces afterburning. As a result of the study it was determined that to simulate the combustion of gasification products of solid fuel in a fluidized bed in a upper bed space with vortex afterburning, it is advisable to use a two-stage mechanism of methane oxidation, supplemented by hydrogen oxidation reaction. The parameters of the Eddy Dissipation model are determined, which allow obtaining results on temperature fields and fields of concentrations of the main components with satisfactory accuracy, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
旋流加力燃烧是一种很有前途的改善固体燃料燃烧的方法。本工作的目的是验证ANSYS CFX软件包对旋风球炉加力涡室的计算。研究结果表明,为了模拟固体燃料气化产物在上部床空间的涡流加力燃烧,宜采用甲烷氧化两级机理,辅之以氢氧化反应。确定了涡旋耗散模型的参数,得到了温度场和主要组分浓度场的定性和定量结果,精度令人满意。
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引用次数: 0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DРIE METHOD IN TECHNOLOGIES OF OBTAINING STRUCTURED SYSTEMS 获取结构化系统技术中dРie方法的实现
Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.2
O. Obodovich, T. Grabova, D. V. Posunko, R. E. Bazieiev
Within the framework of the work, experimental and laboratory studies of a complex of heat and mass transfer processes in multicomponent disperse systems that exhibit emergent properties have been carried out. The aim of the work is to determine the key factors that affect the properties of the final product, and bifurcation points for complex dispersed systems in terms of the mechanisms of structure formation. The authors determined the influence of key parameters such as the process temperature and shear stresses that arise in systems during processing in rotary-pulsating devices of the disk-cylindrical type. For systems with polyelectrolyte structures, the temperature ranges have been determined at which the intensity of the solvation process is maximum. The investigated multicomponent systems are sensitive to shear stress and the duration of its exposure. The limiting shear stresses are determined at which the destruction of structures begins and the system becomes fluid. Based on the results of the complex of works, a schematic diagram and a pilot plant for obtaining poly-component structured systems were proposed. Вatches of bactericidal sanitary-hygienic means and application medical-prophylactic means were obtained at the proposed installation and transferred for testing.
在这项工作的框架内,对具有涌现特性的多组分分散系统中复杂的传热传质过程进行了实验和实验室研究。这项工作的目的是确定影响最终产品性能的关键因素,以及复杂分散系统在结构形成机制方面的分岔点。本文确定了盘式圆柱型旋转脉动装置加工过程中产生的工艺温度和系统剪切应力等关键参数的影响。对于具有多电解质结构的体系,已经确定了溶剂化过程强度最大的温度范围。所研究的多组分系统对剪切应力及其暴露时间敏感。极限剪应力是在结构开始破坏和系统变为流体时确定的。在综合工作的基础上,提出了获得多组分结构系统的原理图和中试装置。在拟建的设施中获得了消毒卫生手段和应用医疗预防手段的Вatches,并转移进行了检测。
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引用次数: 1
MODELS AND MEASURESIN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MEASUREMENTS 模型与测量:测量的理论与实践
Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.31472/TTPE.4.2020.1
V. Babak, A. A. Zaporozhets, Y. Kuts, L. Scherbak
It is known that deterministic and probabilistic models of measured quantities, processes and fields, as well as physical and probabilistic measures, make it possible to form a measurement result, to provide it with the properties of objectivity and reliability. On their basis, the measuring instruments necessary for obtaining new knowledge and maintaining the process of technological development of production are being developed and improved. Therefore, the issues of improving and developing models and measures in measurement methodology play an increasingly important role in achieving high measurement accuracy and expanding the areas of their application. The article is devoted to the features and results of the study of the application of models and measures in measurements. It is shown that the physical correctness and the need for setting up measuring experiments, performing tasks and conditions for their implementation, substantiating adequate models and measures significantly affect the obtained measurement result. The features of the modern methodology of using models of signals and fields and measures for evaluating the results of measuring physical quantities, including thermophysical ones, which are represented by random quantities and angles are presented. In the general case, a measure is a countably additive set function that acquires only negative values ​​in any way, including infinity. The use of charge as a mathematical model significantly expands the boundaries of the practical application of the methods of measure theory in metrology. Examples of probabilistic measures on a straight line, on a circle and a charge, as well as physical measures are considered. The concept of coordination of physical and probabilistic measures has been substantiated with the aim of a unified approach to assessing the measurement result. The joint use of physical and probabilistic measures for the formation of a measurement result allows to a certain extent overcome the problem of measurement homomorphism. An example of using a set of physical and probabilistic measures in the hardware and software modules of information and measuring systems is given. The probabilistic normalized measure is a non-physical degree, but a measure of the totality of the action of various random factors on the value and characteristics of data and the result of measurements when they are carried out. The use of a probabilistic measure in the statistical processing of measurement data makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the measurement result compared to the accuracy of the measurement data. The degree of information protection during measurements is complex. The measure is formed by many factors, the action of most of which is of a random nature. This makes it possible to determine such a measure as probabilistic, which can be applied both for individual operations, for example, transmission of measurement data via communication channels, registration of t
众所周知,被测量量、过程和领域的确定性和概率模型,以及物理和概率度量,使形成测量结果成为可能,并使其具有客观性和可靠性。在此基础上,开发和改进了获取新知识和保持生产技术发展进程所必需的测量仪器。因此,改进和发展测量方法中的模型和措施问题对实现高测量精度和扩大其应用领域起着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了模型和测量在测量中的应用研究的特点和结果。结果表明,物理的正确性和建立测量实验、执行测量实验的任务和条件、确定适当的模型和措施的必要性对获得的测量结果有重要影响。介绍了用信号场模型和方法评价物理量(包括热物理量)测量结果的现代方法的特点,这些物理量是用随机的量和角度表示的。在一般情况下,测度是一个可数加性集合函数,它以任何方式只获得负值,包括无穷。电荷作为一种数学模型的使用,极大地扩展了测量理论方法在计量学中的实际应用范围。考虑了直线、圆和电荷上的概率测量以及物理测量的例子。物理测量和概率测量的协调概念已经得到证实,目的是采用统一的方法来评估测量结果。联合使用物理和概率测度来形成测量结果,可以在一定程度上克服测量同态的问题。给出了在信息测量系统的硬件和软件模块中使用一组物理和概率测度的实例。概率归一化测度是一种非物理程度,而是各种随机因素在进行测量时对数据的值和特征以及测量结果的总体作用的测度。在测量数据的统计处理中使用概率度量,使得与测量数据的精度相比,可以提高测量结果的精度。测量过程中的信息保护程度是复杂的。度量是由许多因素构成的,其中大多数因素的作用具有随机性。这使得确定这样的测量成为可能,它既可以应用于单个操作,例如,通过通信通道传输测量数据,测量结果的注册,也可以应用于整个测量过程。测量理论中的随机方法在具有明显概率性质的物理量的测量中特别重要,例如,在纳米测量的情况下,量子效应的研究,等等。目前,在量子层面使用SI国际单位制和不确定度的概念来评价测量结果是测量实践的基础,需要对各个学科领域的测量过程进行广泛的理论和模拟研究,形成统一的测量方法。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF MODERN PRE-INSULATED PIPES TO INCREASE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CENTRALIZED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS 现代预保温管道在提高集中供热系统能源效率中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.31472/TTPE.4.2020.9
I. Bozhko
The article is devoted to a review of manufacturing technologies and methods for counteracting the effects of aging and destruction of a ball of thermal insulation in previously insulated pipes (PIP) of heating networks. The thermophysical characteristics of various blowing agents are compared; the superiority of cyclopentane in both thermophysical and environmental parameters is shown. The basic technologies for the production of pre-insulated pipe wires are considered. The advantages of «conti» technology using a diffusion barrier are highlighted. It is shown that for polyurethane foam, the main factor that suppresses heat transfer through PUR type thermal insulation is the low thermal conductivity of the gas mixture, which is "sealed" in the foam cells. The analysis of the influence of “aging” of the heat-insulating shell, namely, the diffusion of oxygen molecules into the structure of polyurethane foam, is carried out, and its negative effect on the thermal characteristics of the heat-insulating material is shown. Oxygen diffusion leads to a gradual increase in the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the heat-insulating shell, and as a result, increases heat loss by the pipeline. The results of predictive calculations confirmed the effectiveness of the use of diffusion barriers in the manufacture of PIP. It is shown that when using PIP with a diffusion barrier, unproductive heat energy losses decrease on average by 20–21%, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the amount of payments to end consumers and an increase in the quality and efficiency of district heating systems. It is also noted that polymer pre-insulated pipelines are practically not inferior in strength and reliability to steel PIP and at the same time, they have several advantages over steel PIP. It is recommended to increase the use of polymer PIP in the reconstruction of heating networks of the district heating system.
本文综述了热网原保温管(PIP)中保温球老化和破坏的制造技术和方法。比较了各种发泡剂的热物理特性;表明了环戊烷在热物理和环境参数上的优越性。论述了预绝缘管材生产的基本工艺。强调了使用扩散屏障的«conti»技术的优点。结果表明,对于聚氨酯泡沫塑料来说,抑制通过PUR型绝热材料传热的主要因素是混合气体的低导热系数,它被“密封”在泡沫细胞中。分析了隔热壳“老化”的影响,即氧分子扩散到聚氨酯泡沫塑料结构中,并展示了其对隔热材料热特性的负面影响。氧气的扩散使保温壳的导热系数逐渐增大,从而增加了管道的热损失。预测计算的结果证实了扩散屏障在PIP制造中的有效性。研究表明,当使用带有扩散屏障的PIP时,非生产热能损失平均减少20-21%,这反过来又导致向最终消费者支付的金额减少,并提高区域供热系统的质量和效率。需要注意的是,聚合物预保温管道在强度和可靠性方面实际上并不逊于钢PIP,同时,它们比钢PIP有几个优点。建议在区域供热系统的热网改造中增加聚合物PIP的使用。
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引用次数: 0
EXERGIC EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT RECOVERY UNIT FOR WASTE GASES OF A HEAT ENGINE OF A COGENERATION PLANT 热电联产厂热机废气热回收装置的用能效率
Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.3.2020.6
N. Fialko, A. Stepanova, R. Navrodskaya, S. Shevchuk
The paper presents the results of a study of the efficiency of a heat recovery unit for waste gases of a heat engine of a cogeneration plant. The possibilities of using for this purpose the discrete-modular principle and complex methods of analyzing the efficiency of heat recovery systems, which are based on the methods of exergo-dissipative functions and exergic balances, are analyzed. The design features of the heat exchanger are considered and a conclusion is made about the possibility of presenting it as a system of eight discrete modules. The results of calculating the exergy characteristics for each of the eight heat exchanger modules, performed within the framework of the indicated methods, are presented. A regular decrease in exergy losses and heat-exergy criterion of efficiency is observed during the transition from the first to the eighth module of the heat recovery unit. However, exergy characteristics for the third and fourth modules of the heat exchanger are somewhat higher than the indicated dependence suggests. This indicates the thermodynamic imperfection of these modules. The main exergy losses in all heat exchanger modules are associated with losses due to heat transfer from flue gases to the wall. An insignificant discrepancy between the values ​​of the total exergy losses calculated within the framework of the methods used indicates that both methods can be used in various heat recovery schemes. However, in each specific case, it is necessary to choose a methodology with which it is possible to identify individual elements that need optimization or constructive improvement. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the selected techniques and consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of their use in various cases. It is noted that the technique based on the integral balance method of exergy analysis can be considered effective due to the small number of initial parameters and the simplicity of the analytical and calculation methods. The advantage of the technique using exergo-dissipative functions is that it allows one to differentiate exergy losses in a heat exchanger and establish the causes and areas of their localization.
本文介绍了热电厂热机废气热回收装置效率的研究结果。在此基础上,分析了利用离散模块原理和复杂的热回收系统效率分析方法的可能性,这些方法是基于消耗函数和用能平衡的方法。对换热器的设计特点进行了分析,得出了换热器可以作为8个离散模块组成的系统的结论。计算的结果,为每一个八个热交换器模块的火用特性,在指示的方法框架内执行,提出。在从热回收装置的第一个模块过渡到第八模块期间,观察到火用损失和热用效率标准的规律下降。然而,热交换器的第三和第四个模块的火用特性比指示的依赖性所表明的要高一些。这表明了这些模块的热力学缺陷。所有热交换器模块中的主要火用损失与从烟道气到壁面的热传递造成的损失有关。在所用方法的框架内计算的总火用损失值之间的差异不大,这表明两种方法都可以用于各种热回收方案。然而,在每个具体的情况下,有必要选择一种方法,它可以识别需要优化或建设性改进的单个元素。特别注意对所选技术进行比较分析,并考虑在各种情况下使用这些技术的优点和缺点。指出,基于积分平衡法的火用分析方法由于初始参数较少,分析计算方法简单,可以认为是有效的。使用消耗函数的技术的优势在于,它允许人们区分热交换器中的消耗,并确定其局部化的原因和区域。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF WAYS FOR DECARBONIZATION OF THE EU HEATING SECTOR (REVIEW) 欧盟供热行业脱碳途径分析(综述)
Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.31472/TTPE.4.2020.11
T. Zheliezna, A. I. Bashtovyi
The aim of the work is to analyze possible ways of decarbonization of the EU heat supply sector. The task of the work is to identify the most promising areas and develop appropriate recommendations for Ukraine. The heat supply sector of the EU and Ukraine needs decarbonization, for which there is a big potential and different areas of implementation of relevant measures. In Europe, such a strategy is set out in the Roadmap for decarbonization of the EU heating sector until 2050, the main provisions of which are in line with objectives of the European Green Deal and the EU Strategy on Heating and Cooling. European experts have developed the concept of a smart energy system, which was taken into account when preparing the Roadmap for decarbonization of the EU heating sector until 2050. A number of carried out studies have shown that a smart energy system with 50% district heating integrated with other parts of the overall energy system is more efficient than a conventional energy system or the one based on decentralized heat supply, in terms of the possibility of using a high share of renewable energy. It is recommended for Ukraine to finalize the Concept of green energy transition until 2050, taking into account European approaches to the development of heating systems and the use of modern biofuels. It is also recommended to expand the current Concept of heat supply of Ukraine to the level of a strategy with an emphasis on the development of district heating systems, wide involvement of renewable energy sources and new technologies.
这项工作的目的是分析欧盟供热部门脱碳的可能方法。这项工作的任务是确定最有希望的领域,并为乌克兰制定适当的建议。欧盟和乌克兰的供热部门需要脱碳,这有很大的潜力和不同领域的实施相关措施。在欧洲,到2050年欧盟供暖部门脱碳路线图中列出了这样一项战略,其主要条款符合欧洲绿色协议和欧盟供暖和制冷战略的目标。欧洲专家提出了智能能源系统的概念,在制定2050年之前欧盟供暖部门脱碳路线图时考虑了这一概念。许多已开展的研究表明,就使用高份额可再生能源的可能性而言,与整个能源系统的其他部分集成50%区域供热的智能能源系统比传统能源系统或基于分散供热的智能能源系统更高效。建议乌克兰在2050年之前完成绿色能源转型的概念,同时考虑到欧洲发展供暖系统和使用现代生物燃料的方法。还建议将乌克兰目前的供热概念扩大为一项战略,重点是发展区域供热系统,广泛使用可再生能源和新技术。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS OF USING SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION BY-PRODUCTS FOR ENERGY IN UKRAINE (REVIEW) 乌克兰向日葵生产副产品能源利用方向分析(综述)
Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.31472/TTPE.4.2020.10
G. Geletukha, S. Drahniev, T. Zheliezna, A. Bashtovyi
The aim of the work is to analyze technical and economic basis for the development of energy and biofuel production from sunflower growing by-products in Ukraine. The task of the work is to determine conditions that ensure the economic feasibility of such type projects in Ukraine. Results of assessment of the energy potential of sunflower production by-products in Ukraine are presented. Ukraine is a world leader in terms of sunflower gross harvest. Consequently the country has a large potential of by-products from sunflower growing and processing available for energy. Today, with the exception of sunflower husk, this type of biomass is practically not used for energy needs. Small amounts of sunflower growing by-products are mainly used by some agricultural producers and rural households to cover their own needs in heat. Taking into consideration the insufficiently described practice of harvesting this type of biomass and the undoubted prospects of its use for energy in Ukraine, it is necessary to conduct some field tests of harvesting technologies, at least on the basis of existing agricultural machinery, in particular, forage harvester and mulcher with a baler. Further research is needed on the technology of direct combustion of stalks and other by-products of sunflower growing, as well as the production of solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels from them.
这项工作的目的是分析乌克兰向日葵种植副产品开发能源和生物燃料生产的技术和经济基础。这项工作的任务是确定确保这类项目在乌克兰的经济可行性的条件。介绍了乌克兰向日葵生产副产物能源潜力的评估结果。乌克兰在向日葵总产量方面处于世界领先地位。因此,该国有很大的潜力从向日葵种植和加工的副产品可用于能源。今天,除了向日葵壳,这种类型的生物质实际上不用于能源需求。少量向日葵种植的副产品主要被一些农业生产者和农村家庭用来满足自己的供暖需求。考虑到乌克兰对这类生物质的收获方法描述不充分,以及将其用作能源的毫无疑问的前景,有必要至少在现有农业机械的基础上,对收获技术进行一些实地试验,特别是草料收割机和带打包机的覆盖机。需要进一步研究直接燃烧向日葵秸秆和其他副产品的技术,以及利用它们生产固体、液体和气体生物燃料的技术。
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引用次数: 0
TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND EQUIPMENT FOR WASTEWATER HEAT UTILIZATION (REVIEW) 废水热利用技术、系统和设备(综述)
Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.3.2020.4
B. Basok, M. Novitska, S. Goncharuk
The paper analyzes research, technologies, and equipment related to wastewater heat utilization systems. The main factors influencing the development of the industry and the implementation of such systems are given. Such factors include: social, political, economic, technological, legal and environmental. The classification of technologies and equipment for wastewater heat utilization according to the place of heat extraction is given. Namely, low potential wastewater heat can be collected at the treatment plants, in sewer collectors leading to treatment plants and directly in houses. The paper describes the available research in the scientific literature on these three categories The global scientific community is working to create efficient wastewater heat recovery systems. The environmental situation requires greater use of wastewater recovery systems. An important issue is to increase awareness and education of the population, as this approach will increase the degree of implementation of wastewater heat utilization systems in residential buildings.
本文分析了污水热利用系统的相关研究、技术和设备。给出了影响该行业发展的主要因素以及该系统的实施。这些因素包括:社会、政治、经济、技术、法律和环境。根据抽热地点对污水热利用技术和设备进行了分类。也就是说,低电位废水热可以在处理厂收集,在通往处理厂的下水道收集器中收集,也可以直接在房屋中收集。这篇论文描述了科学文献中关于这三类的现有研究。全球科学界正在努力创造高效的废水热回收系统。环境状况要求更多地使用废水回收系统。一个重要的问题是提高人们的意识和教育,因为这种方法将增加住宅建筑中废水热利用系统的实施程度。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM AGROBIOMASS IN UKRAINE. PART 2 乌克兰农业生物质能源生产障碍分析。第2部分
Pub Date : 2019-12-24 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.4.2019.6
G. Geletukha, T. Zheliezna, S. Drahniev, A. Bashtovyi
The aim of the work is to identify and analyze barriers to the production of energy from agribiomass in Ukraine. For better analyzing, the barriers are grouped according to different categories. The task of the work is to develop recommendations to overcome the identified and described barriers. In this part of the article, organizational, legislative, economic and environmental barriers to the use of biomass of agrarian origin for energy in Ukraine are considered. It is shown that applying a balanced and rational approach, it is possible to use part of the residues and by-products of crop production for energy. To reduce the negative impact on the soil, it is necessary to return ash from the burning of agribiomass to the fields, as well as introduce a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers. In order to stop the practice of unauthorized burning of crop remains in fields, it is recommended to create conditions under which harvesting and sale of biomass for energy will be economically attractive. One of such measures could be the introduction of biofuel electronic trade system in Ukraine. The draft law required for the establishment and operation of such a system was prepared in 2018 with the participation of the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine. It is also necessary to develop a strategy for the use of biomass of agricultural origin for energy and include it in one of the existing national documents or to approve it as a separate document. Another option is to elaborate a strategy for bioenergy development in Ukraine with a separate section on agribiomass. Dedicated ministries should explicitly state in their official documents their views on the possibility and optimal volumes of the use of agribiomass for energy production. This can be done, for example, by developing "Recommendations regarding possible volumes of crop production by-products to be used for energy in Ukraine".
这项工作的目的是确定和分析乌克兰农业生物质能源生产的障碍。为了更好地分析,将障碍按不同的类别进行分组。这项工作的任务是提出建议,以克服已查明和描述的障碍。在文章的这一部分,组织,立法,经济和环境障碍,利用能源的农业来源的生物质在乌克兰被考虑。结果表明,采用平衡合理的方法,利用作物生产的部分残余物和副产品作为能源是可能的。为了减少对土壤的负面影响,有必要将农业生物质燃烧产生的灰烬返还给田地,并引入足够数量的有机和矿物肥料。为了制止未经许可在田间焚烧作物残骸的做法,建议创造条件,使生物质能源的收获和销售在经济上具有吸引力。其中一项措施可能是在乌克兰引入生物燃料电子贸易系统。在乌克兰生物能源协会的参与下,2018年制定了建立和运行该系统所需的法律草案。还必须制订一项利用农业来源的生物量作为能源的战略,并将其列入现有的国家文件之一或作为一项单独的文件予以核准。另一种选择是制定乌克兰生物能源发展战略,其中有一个关于农业生物质的单独章节。专门的部委应在其官方文件中明确说明它们对利用农业生物质进行能源生产的可能性和最佳数量的看法。例如,可以通过制定“关于乌克兰可能用于能源的作物生产副产品数量的建议”来做到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
CFD SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES OF THE COMBUSTION ZONE OF STABILIZER-TYPE BURNERS WITH ASYMMETRIC FUEL SUPPLY 非对称供油稳定型燃烧器燃烧区温度分布的CFD模拟
Pub Date : 2019-12-22 DOI: 10.31472/ttpe.4.2019.2
N. Fialko, V. Prokopov, Ju.V. Sherenkovskyi, S. Alioshko, N. Meranova, K. V. Rokytrko
The results of computer simulation of the heat state of the combustion zone and the burnup rate of fuel for stabilizer burners with asymmetric fuel distribution are presented. The features of temperature fields in this zone that are characteristic of the conditions under study are revealed. The analysis of these features in the aspect of their conditionality by the two-stage combustion of fuel gas is carried out.
本文给出了非对称燃料分布稳定器燃烧室燃烧区热态和燃料燃尽率的计算机模拟结果。揭示了该区域具有研究条件特征的温度场特征。从燃气两段燃烧的条件性方面分析了这些特征。
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Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering
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