Elizaveta Lugovskaya, Giulia Codagnone, Ivan Sanavia, Silvia Rey, Vanessa Terranova, Marcello Miceli, M. Deriu, J. A. Tuszynski
The progression of Aβ peptide aggregation in the brain has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer’s disease. This study is intended to provide insight into the interactions between the zinc-binding site of beta-amyloids and the zinc ion itself. The absence of zinc bonded to the beta-amyloid has been shown to potentially slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so the goal is to provide an analysis of available drugs that can be repurposed and could profoundly impact Alzheimer's disease treatment. We address how and with what strength the existing compounds bind with beta-amyloid, potentially replacing or blocking zinc and preventing it from attaching to the amyloid. The analysis was performed using molecular operating environment software, which, starting from a filtered database, identified the drugs most likely to bind to the zinc-binding site on beta-amyloid.
{"title":"Search for potential Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics: Identification of inhibitors of amyloid oligomerization with high affinity for the zinc-binding site","authors":"Elizaveta Lugovskaya, Giulia Codagnone, Ivan Sanavia, Silvia Rey, Vanessa Terranova, Marcello Miceli, M. Deriu, J. A. Tuszynski","doi":"10.56280/1641424663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1641424663","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of Aβ peptide aggregation in the brain has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer’s disease. This study is intended to provide insight into the interactions between the zinc-binding site of beta-amyloids and the zinc ion itself. The absence of zinc bonded to the beta-amyloid has been shown to potentially slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so the goal is to provide an analysis of available drugs that can be repurposed and could profoundly impact Alzheimer's disease treatment. We address how and with what strength the existing compounds bind with beta-amyloid, potentially replacing or blocking zinc and preventing it from attaching to the amyloid. The analysis was performed using molecular operating environment software, which, starting from a filtered database, identified the drugs most likely to bind to the zinc-binding site on beta-amyloid.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted a study to examine how certain serum metabolic markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), homocysteine (Hcy), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) impact the levels of IL-4 in patients with insomnia. The study involved 60 insomnia patients, including 20 with primary insomnia and 20 with somatopathy insomnia, aged 23-84 years with a mean age of 61.20 ± 12.59 years and a mean disease duration of 6.97 ± 8.45 years. There were 20 normal controls, 11 males and 9 females, aged 26-63 years, with an average age of 49.95 ± 10.52 years. We measured ROS levels using immunofluorescence, Hcy levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and GSH levels using ELISA. The IL-4 level in serum was also detected by ELISA to assess the patient's immune function. Our analysis revealed that changes in ROS, Hcy, and GSH levels were associated with changes in IL-4 levels in serum. Therefore, early detection of serum metabolic changes in insomnia patients and proactive intervention can help reduce susceptibility to various infections and tumors.
{"title":"Relationship between serum metabolic indexes and immune function in patients with insomnia and their mechanism","authors":"Zhang Sumei, Xiuhong Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Xinxin Hao, Jiangyan Bai, Liqiao Zhao","doi":"10.56280/1641482999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1641482999","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a study to examine how certain serum metabolic markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), homocysteine (Hcy), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) impact the levels of IL-4 in patients with insomnia. The study involved 60 insomnia patients, including 20 with primary insomnia and 20 with somatopathy insomnia, aged 23-84 years with a mean age of 61.20 ± 12.59 years and a mean disease duration of 6.97 ± 8.45 years. There were 20 normal controls, 11 males and 9 females, aged 26-63 years, with an average age of 49.95 ± 10.52 years. We measured ROS levels using immunofluorescence, Hcy levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and GSH levels using ELISA. The IL-4 level in serum was also detected by ELISA to assess the patient's immune function. Our analysis revealed that changes in ROS, Hcy, and GSH levels were associated with changes in IL-4 levels in serum. Therefore, early detection of serum metabolic changes in insomnia patients and proactive intervention can help reduce susceptibility to various infections and tumors.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted a study to examine how certain serum metabolic markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), homocysteine (Hcy), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) impact the levels of IL-4 in patients with insomnia. The study involved 60 insomnia patients, including 20 with primary insomnia and 20 with somatopathy insomnia, aged 23-84 years with a mean age of 61.20 ± 12.59 years and a mean disease duration of 6.97 ± 8.45 years. There were 20 normal controls, 11 males and 9 females, aged 26-63 years, with an average age of 49.95 ± 10.52 years. We measured ROS levels using immunofluorescence, Hcy levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and GSH levels using ELISA. The IL-4 level in serum was also detected by ELISA to assess the patient's immune function. Our analysis revealed that changes in ROS, Hcy, and GSH levels were associated with changes in IL-4 levels in serum. Therefore, early detection of serum metabolic changes in insomnia patients and proactive intervention can help reduce susceptibility to various infections and tumors.
{"title":"Relationship between serum metabolic indexes and immune function in patients with insomnia and their mechanism","authors":"Zhang Sumei, Xiuhong Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Xinxin Hao, Jiangyan Bai, Liqiao Zhao","doi":"10.56280/1641482999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1641482999","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a study to examine how certain serum metabolic markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), homocysteine (Hcy), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) impact the levels of IL-4 in patients with insomnia. The study involved 60 insomnia patients, including 20 with primary insomnia and 20 with somatopathy insomnia, aged 23-84 years with a mean age of 61.20 ± 12.59 years and a mean disease duration of 6.97 ± 8.45 years. There were 20 normal controls, 11 males and 9 females, aged 26-63 years, with an average age of 49.95 ± 10.52 years. We measured ROS levels using immunofluorescence, Hcy levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and GSH levels using ELISA. The IL-4 level in serum was also detected by ELISA to assess the patient's immune function. Our analysis revealed that changes in ROS, Hcy, and GSH levels were associated with changes in IL-4 levels in serum. Therefore, early detection of serum metabolic changes in insomnia patients and proactive intervention can help reduce susceptibility to various infections and tumors.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizaveta Lugovskaya, Giulia Codagnone, Ivan Sanavia, Silvia Rey, Vanessa Terranova, Marcello Miceli, M. Deriu, J. A. Tuszynski
The progression of Aβ peptide aggregation in the brain has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer’s disease. This study is intended to provide insight into the interactions between the zinc-binding site of beta-amyloids and the zinc ion itself. The absence of zinc bonded to the beta-amyloid has been shown to potentially slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so the goal is to provide an analysis of available drugs that can be repurposed and could profoundly impact Alzheimer's disease treatment. We address how and with what strength the existing compounds bind with beta-amyloid, potentially replacing or blocking zinc and preventing it from attaching to the amyloid. The analysis was performed using molecular operating environment software, which, starting from a filtered database, identified the drugs most likely to bind to the zinc-binding site on beta-amyloid.
{"title":"Search for potential Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics: Identification of inhibitors of amyloid oligomerization with high affinity for the zinc-binding site","authors":"Elizaveta Lugovskaya, Giulia Codagnone, Ivan Sanavia, Silvia Rey, Vanessa Terranova, Marcello Miceli, M. Deriu, J. A. Tuszynski","doi":"10.56280/1641424663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1641424663","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of Aβ peptide aggregation in the brain has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer’s disease. This study is intended to provide insight into the interactions between the zinc-binding site of beta-amyloids and the zinc ion itself. The absence of zinc bonded to the beta-amyloid has been shown to potentially slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so the goal is to provide an analysis of available drugs that can be repurposed and could profoundly impact Alzheimer's disease treatment. We address how and with what strength the existing compounds bind with beta-amyloid, potentially replacing or blocking zinc and preventing it from attaching to the amyloid. The analysis was performed using molecular operating environment software, which, starting from a filtered database, identified the drugs most likely to bind to the zinc-binding site on beta-amyloid.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding genetics and environmental influences in autism has been explored in greater depth in recent decades. However, the mechanism by which they converge that leads to autism still needs to be explored further. An autism diagnosis in DSM-5 results from a neurodevelopmental disorder hurting normal brain function, affecting communication and social interaction combined with restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. This paper reviews current work investigating how the underlying mechanism of the brain structure and function relates to the complex and aberrant behavioral manifestations of autism. Mapping this connection can provide us with a better understanding of autism signs and symptoms, making the process of accurate diagnosis more straightforward. As a complex neurobehavioral condition, autistic individuals process the environment and their interactions with others differently from those without autism. So, they make different perceptions and connections between themselves and the environment. Consequently, they will have difficulty communicating, forming relationships, and responding appropriately to their environment. It is this lifelong neurobehavioral dysfunction that prevents autistic individuals from adequately understanding what they perceive and the emotional expression of others. There will be differences in their mental states, how their brains work, and how their thinking processes will be affected by a neurodevelopmental disability.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral perspectives on autistic spectrum disorder","authors":"Lleuvelyn A. Cacha","doi":"10.56280/1628860368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1628860368","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding genetics and environmental influences in autism has been explored in greater depth in recent decades. However, the mechanism by which they converge that leads to autism still needs to be explored further. An autism diagnosis in DSM-5 results from a neurodevelopmental disorder hurting normal brain function, affecting communication and social interaction combined with restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. This paper reviews current work investigating how the underlying mechanism of the brain structure and function relates to the complex and aberrant behavioral manifestations of autism. Mapping this connection can provide us with a better understanding of autism signs and symptoms, making the process of accurate diagnosis more straightforward. As a complex neurobehavioral condition, autistic individuals process the environment and their interactions with others differently from those without autism. So, they make different perceptions and connections between themselves and the environment. Consequently, they will have difficulty communicating, forming relationships, and responding appropriately to their environment. It is this lifelong neurobehavioral dysfunction that prevents autistic individuals from adequately understanding what they perceive and the emotional expression of others. There will be differences in their mental states, how their brains work, and how their thinking processes will be affected by a neurodevelopmental disability.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When discussing cerebrovascular diseases, we will undoubtedly think of intracranial arterial system diseases, such as cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism. It is easy to ignore intracranial venous system diseases. By describing the diagnosis and treatment of a case of intracranial venous thrombosis, we emphasize the need for physicians to consider the formation of intracranial venous thrombosis and the formation of arterial thrombosis in diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases.
{"title":"Consideration of intracranial venous thrombosis in cerebrovascular disease: a case study emphasizing diagnosis and treatment awareness","authors":"S. S. Zhang, F. Jia, X. Wang, X. Chen","doi":"10.56280/1605693152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1605693152","url":null,"abstract":"When discussing cerebrovascular diseases, we will undoubtedly think of intracranial arterial system diseases, such as cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism. It is easy to ignore intracranial venous system diseases. By describing the diagnosis and treatment of a case of intracranial venous thrombosis, we emphasize the need for physicians to consider the formation of intracranial venous thrombosis and the formation of arterial thrombosis in diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Szymanowicz, S. Pawlak, E. Potocka, U. Goutor, W. Kozubski, J. Dorszewska
Dementia is a set of symptoms characterized by deterioration of memory and cognitive functions. Dementia diseases include Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. This disease represents an escalating social issue, particularly in a society with an increasing elderly population. In 2019, 271,998 people succumbed to dementia, making Alzheimer's disease the sixth most prevalent cause of death. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is complex and not fully understood. It is a multifaceted disease, with its pathogenesis influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. One of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease is the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which is one of the most common risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. The significance of other genes, including presenilin genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2), the TREM2 gene, the MAPT gene, and the APP gene, linked to various forms of dementia, is also emphasized. Another issue is the growing number of identified genetic variants within genes implicated in the onset of dementia. Dementia diseases are also characterized by chemical alterations in the brain, including the accumulation of abnormal excitotoxic proteins, varying degrees of inflammation, and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes current research in the field of dementia and highlights the significance of molecular factors in its pathogenesis. Gaining insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of dementia may allow for faster diagnosis of the disease and facilitate the creation of more efficient patient care plans.
{"title":"Molecular basis of dementia","authors":"O. Szymanowicz, S. Pawlak, E. Potocka, U. Goutor, W. Kozubski, J. Dorszewska","doi":"10.56280/1605703412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1605703412","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a set of symptoms characterized by deterioration of memory and cognitive functions. Dementia diseases include Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. This disease represents an escalating social issue, particularly in a society with an increasing elderly population. In 2019, 271,998 people succumbed to dementia, making Alzheimer's disease the sixth most prevalent cause of death. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is complex and not fully understood. It is a multifaceted disease, with its pathogenesis influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. One of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease is the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which is one of the most common risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. The significance of other genes, including presenilin genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2), the TREM2 gene, the MAPT gene, and the APP gene, linked to various forms of dementia, is also emphasized. Another issue is the growing number of identified genetic variants within genes implicated in the onset of dementia. Dementia diseases are also characterized by chemical alterations in the brain, including the accumulation of abnormal excitotoxic proteins, varying degrees of inflammation, and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes current research in the field of dementia and highlights the significance of molecular factors in its pathogenesis. Gaining insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of dementia may allow for faster diagnosis of the disease and facilitate the creation of more efficient patient care plans.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is generally agreed amongst philosophers and neuroscientists that the main obstacle between the science of the brain and the conscious nature of the mind is rooted in an objective-subjective dichotomy. It is further common to classify natural sciences in terms of their epistemological values and their ontological existential attributes. As a result, one concludes that a computer that is useful for studying nature, such as the conscious mind, is not itself part of nature, or as phrased differently by the noted philosopher, John Searle, ‘there are no Turing Machines in nature! However, the great physicist John Archibald Wheeler, by declaring the famous dictum, ‘it from bit’, did impart a somewhat different approach to the true nature of reality. To reconcile the two contrasting portraits, a different picture, based on the principle of self-reference, will be presented, and applied to the brain-mind problem. It is demonstrated how this principle imparts a thermo-qubit syntax, i.e., ‘bit from it’, for communication between increasingly more complex physical systems. Altogether, the steady state situation produces negentropic pockets for quantification and storage of information. The communication protocol entails cognition mechanisms that display unexpected equivalences that prompts fundamental interpretations of general optical illusions such as Necker’s cube, the Rubin vase, and the Spinning Dancer. The derived syntax also embodies an interesting deconstruction of the recently observed dodecanogram brain signal, experimentally elucidated by Anirban Bandyopadhyay and his team.
哲学家和神经科学家普遍认为，大脑科学与心灵意识本质之间的主要障碍源于客观-主观二分法。此外，人们还通常从认识论价值和本体论存在属性的角度对自然科学进行分类。著名哲学家约翰-塞尔（John Searle）以不同的方式表述道："自然界中没有图灵机！然而，伟大的物理学家约翰-阿奇博尔德-惠勒（John Archibald Wheeler）提出了著名的 "它来自比特"（it from bit）的论断，确实传授了一种与现实的真正本质略有不同的方法。为了调和这两种截然不同的描述，我们将根据自我参照原理，提出一幅不同的图景，并将其应用于脑-心问题。我们将展示这一原理是如何为日益复杂的物理系统之间的通信提供热量子比特语法，即 "比特自它"。总之，稳态情况会产生用于量化和存储信息的负熵口袋。通信协议包含了认知机制，显示出意想不到的等价关系，促使人们从根本上解释内克尔立方体、鲁宾花瓶和旋转舞者等一般光学幻觉。推导出的语法还体现了对最近观察到的十二角形大脑信号的有趣解构，该信号是由阿尼尔班-班迪奥帕德希（Anirban Bandyopadhyay）及其团队通过实验阐明的。
{"title":"Cognitive paradoxes and brain mechanisms","authors":"E. Brändas","doi":"10.56280/1605522719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1605522719","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally agreed amongst philosophers and neuroscientists that the main obstacle between the science of the brain and the conscious nature of the mind is rooted in an objective-subjective dichotomy. It is further common to classify natural sciences in terms of their epistemological values and their ontological existential attributes. As a result, one concludes that a computer that is useful for studying nature, such as the conscious mind, is not itself part of nature, or as phrased differently by the noted philosopher, John Searle, ‘there are no Turing Machines in nature! However, the great physicist John Archibald Wheeler, by declaring the famous dictum, ‘it from bit’, did impart a somewhat different approach to the true nature of reality. To reconcile the two contrasting portraits, a different picture, based on the principle of self-reference, will be presented, and applied to the brain-mind problem. It is demonstrated how this principle imparts a thermo-qubit syntax, i.e., ‘bit from it’, for communication between increasingly more complex physical systems. Altogether, the steady state situation produces negentropic pockets for quantification and storage of information. The communication protocol entails cognition mechanisms that display unexpected equivalences that prompts fundamental interpretations of general optical illusions such as Necker’s cube, the Rubin vase, and the Spinning Dancer. The derived syntax also embodies an interesting deconstruction of the recently observed dodecanogram brain signal, experimentally elucidated by Anirban Bandyopadhyay and his team.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"52 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines Dennett’s conceptions of intentionality and consciousness—focused on his concept of the intentional stance (Dennett, 1987,1991b). It chiefly proceeds from a series of critical remarks due to Putnam (Putnam, 1999). Dennett has written extensively on the philosophy of mind; his work includes many scholarly and scientific contributions. He has attracted much attention to the philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, and computer science; and he is an important critic of alternative views and theorists in related fields. The present paper draws on critical departures from Quine’s physicalism in publications of Putnam and Davidson (Davidson, 1963,1997); and it examines criticism brought against Dennett’s work on grounds of forms of instrumentalism and antirealism in the intentional stance. Evaluating Dennett’s posi¬tions and Putnam’s critical perspectives turn largely on understanding the relation of Dennett on intentionality, consciousness and the mental to formative and controversial theses of his acknowledged mentor, Quine (Quine, 1960). It will be argued that Dennett’s version of functionalism is best understood as a sophisticated physicalism, antirealism, and quasi-behaviorism in cognitive science.
{"title":"Putnam and Dennett on instrumentalism and the intentional","authors":"H.G. H.G. Callaway","doi":"10.56280/1602242654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1602242654","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Dennett’s conceptions of intentionality and consciousness—focused on his concept of the intentional stance (Dennett, 1987,1991b). It chiefly proceeds from a series of critical remarks due to Putnam (Putnam, 1999). Dennett has written extensively on the philosophy of mind; his work includes many scholarly and scientific contributions. He has attracted much attention to the philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, and computer science; and he is an important critic of alternative views and theorists in related fields. The present paper draws on critical departures from Quine’s physicalism in publications of Putnam and Davidson (Davidson, 1963,1997); and it examines criticism brought against Dennett’s work on grounds of forms of instrumentalism and antirealism in the intentional stance. Evaluating Dennett’s posi¬tions and Putnam’s critical perspectives turn largely on understanding the relation of Dennett on intentionality, consciousness and the mental to formative and controversial theses of his acknowledged mentor, Quine (Quine, 1960). It will be argued that Dennett’s version of functionalism is best understood as a sophisticated physicalism, antirealism, and quasi-behaviorism in cognitive science.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We derive an approximate analytical solution of a nonlinear cable equation describing the backpropagation of action potentials in sparsely excitable dendrites with clusters of transiently activating, TTX-sensitive Na+ channels of low density, discretely distributed as point sources of transmembrane current along a continuous (non-segmented) passive cable structure. Each cluster or hot-spot, corresponding to a mesoscopic level description of Na+ ion channels, included known cumulative inactivation kinetics observed at the microscopic level. In such a reduced third-order system, the ‘recovery’ variable is an electrogenic sodium-pump and/or a Na+-Ca2+ exchanger imbedded in the passive membrane, and a high leakage conductance stabilizes the system. A nonlinear cable equation was used to investigate back-propagation and repetitive activity of action potentials, exhibiting characteristics of the modified Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics (in the presence of suprathreshold input). In particular, a time-dependent analytical solution was obtained through a perturbation expansion of the non-dimensional membrane potential (Φ) for all voltage dependent terms including the voltage dependent Na+ activation μ) and state-dependent inactivation (η) gating variables and then solving the resulting system of integral equations. It was shown that back-propagating action potentials attenuate in amplitude with the frequency following experimental findings and that the discrete and low-density distributions of transient Na+ channels along the cable structure contribute significantly to their discharge patterns. A major significance of integrative modelling is the provision of a continuous description of the non-dimensional membrane potential (Φ) as a function of position.
{"title":"Approximate analytical solution of a (V,m,h) reduced system for backpropagating action potentials in sparsely excitable dendrites","authors":"Nicolangelo Iannella, R. Poznanski","doi":"10.56280/1583164092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1583164092","url":null,"abstract":"We derive an approximate analytical solution of a nonlinear cable equation describing the backpropagation of action potentials in sparsely excitable dendrites with clusters of transiently activating, TTX-sensitive Na+ channels of low density, discretely distributed as point sources of transmembrane current along a continuous (non-segmented) passive cable structure. Each cluster or hot-spot, corresponding to a mesoscopic level description of Na+ ion channels, included known cumulative inactivation kinetics observed at the microscopic level. In such a reduced third-order system, the ‘recovery’ variable is an electrogenic sodium-pump and/or a Na+-Ca2+ exchanger imbedded in the passive membrane, and a high leakage conductance stabilizes the system. A nonlinear cable equation was used to investigate back-propagation and repetitive activity of action potentials, exhibiting characteristics of the modified Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics (in the presence of suprathreshold input). In particular, a time-dependent analytical solution was obtained through a perturbation expansion of the non-dimensional membrane potential (Φ) for all voltage dependent terms including the voltage dependent Na+ activation μ) and state-dependent inactivation (η) gating variables and then solving the resulting system of integral equations. It was shown that back-propagating action potentials attenuate in amplitude with the frequency following experimental findings and that the discrete and low-density distributions of transient Na+ channels along the cable structure contribute significantly to their discharge patterns. A major significance of integrative modelling is the provision of a continuous description of the non-dimensional membrane potential (Φ) as a function of position.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"506 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115336999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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