Neuroscience has become a big data enterprise. This is due in large part to the rapidly growing quantity and quality of data and increased appreciation of non-neuronal physiology and environments in explaining behavior, cognition, and consciousness. One way neuroscience is dealing with this embarrassment of riches is by appealing to investigative frameworks that put the multiscale nature of neural systems at the forefront. The current work offers one such approach: Nested dynamical modeling, a strategy for creating models of phenomena comprised of multiple spatial and/or temporal scales for purposes of exploration, explanation, and understanding. Building from dynamical systems theory and synergetics, nested dynamical modeling applies a methodological approach aimed at nesting models at one scale of inquiry within models at other scales without compromising biological realism. This strategy is demonstrated via a proof of concept. Some consequences this approach has for the epistemological and theoretical commitments of neuroscience are discussed.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Luis H. Favela","doi":"10.56280/1567939485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1567939485","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscience has become a big data enterprise. This is due in large part to the rapidly growing quantity and quality of data and increased appreciation of non-neuronal physiology and environments in explaining behavior, cognition, and consciousness. One way neuroscience is dealing with this embarrassment of riches is by appealing to investigative frameworks that put the multiscale nature of neural systems at the forefront. The current work offers one such approach: Nested dynamical modeling, a strategy for creating models of phenomena comprised of multiple spatial and/or temporal scales for purposes of exploration, explanation, and understanding. Building from dynamical systems theory and synergetics, nested dynamical modeling applies a methodological approach aimed at nesting models at one scale of inquiry within models at other scales without compromising biological realism. This strategy is demonstrated via a proof of concept. Some consequences this approach has for the epistemological and theoretical commitments of neuroscience are discussed.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124298311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is growing evidence that brain processes involve multiscale overlapping networks and that the mapping between such neural processes and cognitive functions is many-to-many. So, the answer to the question what spatiotemporal scales in the brain are most relevant for cognition, action, experience, etc., is that several inextricably interconnected and integrated scales are relevant. There is also growing evidence that brains and embodied agents (people) are part of “larger” distributed “bio-psycho-social networks.” One cannot fully appreciate what brains do and how they work in isolation from these larger multiscale, multi-level, and multi-faceted “4E” networks (embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive). Nor can one explain human experience, cognition, or action without such an understanding. Establishing these claims is the purpose of this paper. Section 2 will unpack the claim that the brain itself is best viewed as several multiscale, dynamical, multifunctional, coordinated, and fully integrated overlapping networks. Furthermore, such individual brain networks and conscious cognitive agents are embedded in “larger” “4E” dynamical networks. Section 3 argues that the best characterization of such 4E networks is not in terms of mechanistic reduction or modularity, but contextual emergence. Section 4 will draw key connections between contextual emergence and the related work of other philosophers and neuroscientists. Lastly, Section 4 will conclude that conscious cognitive agents are reasonably conceived of as highly non-decomposable “4E” contextually emergent multiscale dynamical systems. In short, people are not brains and brains are not computers.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"M. Silberstein","doi":"10.56280/1566923773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1566923773","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing evidence that brain processes involve multiscale overlapping networks and that the mapping between such neural processes and cognitive functions is many-to-many. So, the answer to the question what spatiotemporal scales in the brain are most relevant for cognition, action, experience, etc., is that several inextricably interconnected and integrated scales are relevant. There is also growing evidence that brains and embodied agents (people) are part of “larger” distributed “bio-psycho-social networks.” One cannot fully appreciate what brains do and how they work in isolation from these larger multiscale, multi-level, and multi-faceted “4E” networks (embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive). Nor can one explain human experience, cognition, or action without such an understanding. Establishing these claims is the purpose of this paper. Section 2 will unpack the claim that the brain itself is best viewed as several multiscale, dynamical, multifunctional, coordinated, and fully integrated overlapping networks. Furthermore, such individual brain networks and conscious cognitive agents are embedded in “larger” “4E” dynamical networks. Section 3 argues that the best characterization of such 4E networks is not in terms of mechanistic reduction or modularity, but contextual emergence. Section 4 will draw key connections between contextual emergence and the related work of other philosophers and neuroscientists. Lastly, Section 4 will conclude that conscious cognitive agents are reasonably conceived of as highly non-decomposable “4E” contextually emergent multiscale dynamical systems. In short, people are not brains and brains are not computers.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129740278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By juxtaposing time series analyses of activity measured from a fully recurrent network undergoing disrupted processing and of activity measured from a continuous meta-cognitive report of disruption in real-time language comprehension, we present an opportunity to compare the temporal statistics of the state-space trajectories inherent to both systems. Both the recurrent network and the human language comprehension process appear to exhibit long-range temporal correlations and low entropy when processing is undisrupted and coordinated. However, when processing is disrupted and discoordinated, they both exhibit more short-range temporal correlations and higher entropy. We conclude that by measuring human language comprehension in a dense-sampling manner similar to how we analyze the networks, and analyzing the resulting data stream with nonlinear time series analysis techniques, we can obtain more insight into the temporal character of these discoordination phases than by simply marking the points in time at which they peak.
{"title":"Temporary disruption in language processing reflected as multiscale temporal discoordination in a recurrent network","authors":"Benjamin Nguyen, Michael J. Spivey","doi":"10.56280/1570699699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1570699699","url":null,"abstract":"By juxtaposing time series analyses of activity measured from a fully recurrent network undergoing disrupted processing and of activity measured from a continuous meta-cognitive report of disruption in real-time language comprehension, we present an opportunity to compare the temporal statistics of the state-space trajectories inherent to both systems. Both the recurrent network and the human language comprehension process appear to exhibit long-range temporal correlations and low entropy when processing is undisrupted and coordinated. However, when processing is disrupted and discoordinated, they both exhibit more short-range temporal correlations and higher entropy. We conclude that by measuring human language comprehension in a dense-sampling manner similar to how we analyze the networks, and analyzing the resulting data stream with nonlinear time series analysis techniques, we can obtain more insight into the temporal character of these discoordination phases than by simply marking the points in time at which they peak.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"34 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135912638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The etiology of Alzheimer's dementia is, at best multifactorial. Before the emergence of cognitive impairment, symptoms such as thinning of the cortex, accumulation of β-amyloid, and decreased hippocampal volume are common. Hence, the accumulation of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau fibrillary tangles are two pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease brains, but antibody therapy aimed to decrease β-amyloid has been a failure and, in most optimistic opinions, may delay somewhat disease progression. However, 31-38 % of subjects develop cerebral micro-hemorrhages in aducanumab therapy, an antibody to the amyloid beta plaque by Biogen. Genetics such as Apo E3/E3 have demonstrated defects in the blood-brain barrier in early-onset dementia. Late Onset Alzheimer’s Dementia, has implicated microbe cerebral infections and numerous genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, several cellular biological signatures of Alzheimer's disease have been identified, such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. This review summarizes the structure of cofilins appearing after ATP interruptions and deficits in mitochondrial and microtubules and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of Alzheimer's disease. These findings strengthen our hypothesis that Alzheimer’s dementia is characterized by “Quantum Decoherence” resulting from mitochondrial and microtubular deterioration and responding to near-infrared transcranial photobiomodulation to support mitochondrial and microtubule repair, regrowth and neuronal synaptic renormalization.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"T. Nichols, M. Berman, J. Tuszynski","doi":"10.56280/1564010613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1564010613","url":null,"abstract":"The etiology of Alzheimer's dementia is, at best multifactorial. Before the emergence of cognitive impairment, symptoms such as thinning of the cortex, accumulation of β-amyloid, and decreased hippocampal volume are common. Hence, the accumulation of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau fibrillary tangles are two pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease brains, but antibody therapy aimed to decrease β-amyloid has been a failure and, in most optimistic opinions, may delay somewhat disease progression. However, 31-38 % of subjects develop cerebral micro-hemorrhages in aducanumab therapy, an antibody to the amyloid beta plaque by Biogen. Genetics such as Apo E3/E3 have demonstrated defects in the blood-brain barrier in early-onset dementia. Late Onset Alzheimer’s Dementia, has implicated microbe cerebral infections and numerous genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, several cellular biological signatures of Alzheimer's disease have been identified, such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. This review summarizes the structure of cofilins appearing after ATP interruptions and deficits in mitochondrial and microtubules and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of Alzheimer's disease. These findings strengthen our hypothesis that Alzheimer’s dementia is characterized by “Quantum Decoherence” resulting from mitochondrial and microtubular deterioration and responding to near-infrared transcranial photobiomodulation to support mitochondrial and microtubule repair, regrowth and neuronal synaptic renormalization.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131123180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wide body of research is currently being devoted to investigating the multiscale processes across the brain and body, and the nature of their interactions. The purpose of this paper is to supplement these analyses of brain and body dynamics by providing a comprehensive account of the multiscale organisations also found in music, and ways in which these systems interact. We proceed in identifying scaling laws as a signature for multiscale features of a system and make the methodological choice of distinguishing 1) scale free structure from 2) scale free dynamics. We follow these distinctions in demonstrating how specifically i.) hierarchical temporal structures, ii.) long-range temporal correlations, and iii.) musical information as scale free structures relate to activity in the brain and body at various temporal or spatial scales during music perception and performance. Further, this is paralleled by fixing our focus to a limited choice of scale free dynamics, namely, iv.) resonance and entrainment, v.) power law distributions, and vi.) 1/f scaling. Though the ubiquitous scaling relations across musical activities, performance and music itself touch on the theme of universality, we outline how differing theoretical proposals concerning the relation between brain, body and musical environment arise in such contexts. Using these examples, we identify their overlap and divergence, and propose future directions for inquiry along these lines.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Tadhg Waddington, R. Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.56280/1565486655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1565486655","url":null,"abstract":"A wide body of research is currently being devoted to investigating the multiscale processes across the brain and body, and the nature of their interactions. The purpose of this paper is to supplement these analyses of brain and body dynamics by providing a comprehensive account of the multiscale organisations also found in music, and ways in which these systems interact. We proceed in identifying scaling laws as a signature for multiscale features of a system and make the methodological choice of distinguishing 1) scale free structure from 2) scale free dynamics. We follow these distinctions in demonstrating how specifically i.) hierarchical temporal structures, ii.) long-range temporal correlations, and iii.) musical information as scale free structures relate to activity in the brain and body at various temporal or spatial scales during music perception and performance. Further, this is paralleled by fixing our focus to a limited choice of scale free dynamics, namely, iv.) resonance and entrainment, v.) power law distributions, and vi.) 1/f scaling. Though the ubiquitous scaling relations across musical activities, performance and music itself touch on the theme of universality, we outline how differing theoretical proposals concerning the relation between brain, body and musical environment arise in such contexts. Using these examples, we identify their overlap and divergence, and propose future directions for inquiry along these lines.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welcome to a special issue of Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience focused on The Mind and The Brain: A Multiscale Interpretation of Cognitive Brain Functionality. This special issue contains six articles that come from different disciplinary perspectives and methods that themselves span a range of spatiotemporal scales for analyzing cognition and behavior. At a time when the field of cognitive science is transitioning away from the computer metaphor of the mind and toward complex interactive frameworks (Spivey, 2023), these articles serve as waypoints for how to go about building those new theories. The articles include philosophical reviews of the processes that allow for self-organization to emerge in a multiscale cognitive system (Silberstein, 2023) and how best to model such multiscale processes (Favela, 2023). They include dense-sampling measures of postural movements (Corbin et al., 2023), time series analyses of music perception (Waddington & Balasubramaniam, 2023), and recurrence quantification analysis of spoken sentence comprehension (Nguyen & Spivey, 2023). And it all culminates in a big-picture perspective on how mental activity across any and all life forms may be best understood as emerging from collective action among sub-elements interacting to form self-organized metastable cognitive structures (Falandays et al., 2023).
欢迎来到《多尺度神经科学杂志》的特刊，关注心灵和大脑:认知大脑功能的多尺度解释。本期特刊包含六篇来自不同学科视角和方法的文章，这些文章本身跨越了一系列时空尺度，用于分析认知和行为。当认知科学领域正在从大脑的计算机隐喻过渡到复杂的互动框架时(Spivey, 2023)，这些文章可以作为如何构建这些新理论的路标。这些文章包括对允许自组织在多尺度认知系统中出现的过程的哲学回顾(Silberstein, 2023)，以及如何最好地模拟这种多尺度过程(Favela, 2023)。它们包括姿势运动的密集采样测量(Corbin et al.， 2023)，音乐感知的时间序列分析(Waddington & Balasubramaniam, 2023)以及口语句子理解的重复量化分析(Nguyen & Spivey, 2023)。这一切都以一个宏观的视角达到高潮，即任何和所有生命形式的心理活动如何最好地理解为来自子元素之间相互作用的集体行动，形成自组织的亚稳态认知结构(Falandays et al.， 2023)。
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Benjamin Nguyen, Michael J. Spivey","doi":"10.56280/1567588756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1567588756","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to a special issue of Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience focused on The Mind and The Brain: A Multiscale Interpretation of Cognitive Brain Functionality. This special issue contains six articles that come from different disciplinary perspectives and methods that themselves span a range of spatiotemporal scales for analyzing cognition and behavior. At a time when the field of cognitive science is transitioning away from the computer metaphor of the mind and toward complex interactive frameworks (Spivey, 2023), these articles serve as waypoints for how to go about building those new theories. The articles include philosophical reviews of the processes that allow for self-organization to emerge in a multiscale cognitive system (Silberstein, 2023) and how best to model such multiscale processes (Favela, 2023). They include dense-sampling measures of postural movements (Corbin et al., 2023), time series analyses of music perception (Waddington & Balasubramaniam, 2023), and recurrence quantification analysis of spoken sentence comprehension (Nguyen & Spivey, 2023). And it all culminates in a big-picture perspective on how mental activity across any and all life forms may be best understood as emerging from collective action among sub-elements interacting to form self-organized metastable cognitive structures (Falandays et al., 2023).","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130111001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Poznanski, Eda Alemdar, Cacha Lleuvelyn, Gerry Leisman, Erkki Brandas
This pioneering research on how specific molecules deep inside our brains form a dynamic information holarchy in phase space, linking mind and consciousness, is not only provocative but also revolutionary. Holonomic is a dynamic encapsulation of the holonic view that originates from the word “holon” and designates a holarchical rather than a hierarchical, dynamic brain organization to encompass multiscale effects. The unitary nature of consciousness being interconnected stems from a multiscalar organization of the brain. We aim to give a holonomic modification of the thermodynamic approach to the problem of consciousness using spatiotemporal intermittency. Starting with quasiparticles as the minimalist material composition of the dynamical brain where interferences patterns between incoherent waves of quasiparticles and their quantum-thermal fluctuations constrain the kinetic internal energy of endogenous molecules through informational channels of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. This indicates that brains are not multifractal involving avalanches but are multiscalar, suggesting that unlike the hologram, where the functional interactions occur in the spectral domain, the spatiotemporal binding is multiscalar because of self-referential amplification occurring via long-range correlative information. The associated negentropic entanglement permeates the unification of the functional information architecture across multiple scales. As such, the holonomic brain theory is suitable for active consciousness, proving that consciousness is not fundamental. The holonomic model of the brain’s internal space is nonmetric and nonfractal. It contains a multiscalar informational structure decoded by intermittency spikes in the fluctuations of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. It is therefore, a more realistic approach than the platonic models in phase space.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Roman Poznanski, Eda Alemdar, Cacha Lleuvelyn, Gerry Leisman, Erkki Brandas","doi":"10.56280/1560617630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1560617630","url":null,"abstract":"This pioneering research on how specific molecules deep inside our brains form a dynamic information holarchy in phase space, linking mind and consciousness, is not only provocative but also revolutionary. Holonomic is a dynamic encapsulation of the holonic view that originates from the word “holon” and designates a holarchical rather than a hierarchical, dynamic brain organization to encompass multiscale effects. The unitary nature of consciousness being interconnected stems from a multiscalar organization of the brain. We aim to give a holonomic modification of the thermodynamic approach to the problem of consciousness using spatiotemporal intermittency. Starting with quasiparticles as the minimalist material composition of the dynamical brain where interferences patterns between incoherent waves of quasiparticles and their quantum-thermal fluctuations constrain the kinetic internal energy of endogenous molecules through informational channels of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. This indicates that brains are not multifractal involving avalanches but are multiscalar, suggesting that unlike the hologram, where the functional interactions occur in the spectral domain, the spatiotemporal binding is multiscalar because of self-referential amplification occurring via long-range correlative information. The associated negentropic entanglement permeates the unification of the functional information architecture across multiple scales. As such, the holonomic brain theory is suitable for active consciousness, proving that consciousness is not fundamental. The holonomic model of the brain’s internal space is nonmetric and nonfractal. It contains a multiscalar informational structure decoded by intermittency spikes in the fluctuations of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. It is therefore, a more realistic approach than the platonic models in phase space.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135912753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with the major depressive disorder usually manifest with sleep disturbance. Early morning awakening is more closely related to major depressive disorder than other sleep disturbances. This study aimed to assess the effect of early morning awakening in treating patients with major depressive disorder. The eligible patients were divided into two groups according to whether they woke up at 2-4 a.m: early morning awakening and non-early morning awakening group. All patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status scores at baseline and the fourth week. Twenty-one men and 31 women (mean age 25.13 ±10.67 years) were enrolled. There was a significant main effect of early morning awakening in the Hamilton Depression Scale (P = 0.04) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (P = 0.01) at the fourth week after treatment. But there was no significant difference in cognitive changes between the two groups. In conclusion, a major depressive disorder with early morning awakening may result in statistically and clinically significant delay in recovery.
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Xiaoxia Wu, Lei Ding, Neng Chen, Lijuan Gao","doi":"10.56280/1545724982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1545724982","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with the major depressive disorder usually manifest with sleep disturbance. Early morning awakening is more closely related to major depressive disorder than other sleep disturbances. This study aimed to assess the effect of early morning awakening in treating patients with major depressive disorder. The eligible patients were divided into two groups according to whether they woke up at 2-4 a.m: early morning awakening and non-early morning awakening group. All patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status scores at baseline and the fourth week. Twenty-one men and 31 women (mean age 25.13 ±10.67 years) were enrolled. There was a significant main effect of early morning awakening in the Hamilton Depression Scale (P = 0.04) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (P = 0.01) at the fourth week after treatment. But there was no significant difference in cognitive changes between the two groups. In conclusion, a major depressive disorder with early morning awakening may result in statistically and clinically significant delay in recovery.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132811991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We found a rare case of Kleine-Levin syndrome in an adolescent female with decreased intracranial pressure. The patient developed symptoms of decreased appetite, depression and anhedonia. The clinical symptoms were similar to an affective disorder of depression attack since the patient had periodic symptoms of excessive sleep and gluttony, accompanied by an involuntary special "Crouching phenomenon" involving hip and knee flexion while holding her legs tightly and lying on her knees. She was not considered narcoleptic after polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests. Finally, a lumbar puncture revealed low intracranial pressure (65mm H2O). Hypotha- lamic orexin-A detected in the cerebrospinal fluid was at the lower normal limit. After symptomatic treatment involving fluid infusion and increasing intracranial perfusion pressure, the patient's periodic symptoms and social functioning improved with reduced instances of the special "Crouching phenomenon."
{"title":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","authors":"Zhang Sumei","doi":"10.56280/1532964696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1532964696","url":null,"abstract":"We found a rare case of Kleine-Levin syndrome in an adolescent female with decreased intracranial pressure. The patient developed symptoms of decreased appetite, depression and anhedonia. The clinical symptoms were similar to an affective disorder of depression attack since the patient had periodic symptoms of excessive sleep and gluttony, accompanied by an involuntary special \"Crouching phenomenon\" involving hip and knee flexion while holding her legs tightly and lying on her knees. She was not considered narcoleptic after polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests. Finally, a lumbar puncture revealed low intracranial pressure (65mm H2O). Hypotha- lamic orexin-A detected in the cerebrospinal fluid was at the lower normal limit. After symptomatic treatment involving fluid infusion and increasing intracranial perfusion pressure, the patient's periodic symptoms and social functioning improved with reduced instances of the special \"Crouching phenomenon.\"","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"597 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116557439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of the Two-Brains Hypothesis for induction between peripheral Schwann cells and their axon hosts and for intra- and trans-cranial bioengineering at the humanrobotics interface is accompanied by particular attention to its significance for a biological wonder: the involvement of geomagnetism in avian directional behavior in migration, homing and navigation. Two sources of magnetism are considered here. The simpler is the polar (compass) direction, long reported as resulting in some birds in a manner unknown from the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) in the avian ethmoid region. The second is certain chemical reactions that respond to applied magnetic fields. These usually involve radicals, molecules with unpaired electrons that spin in one of two possible states. A radicalpair mechanism, a light-dependent, chemical initiation of magnetic orientation, has been considered responsive to the axial inclination of the field in relation to Earth's field, but not to its polarity. The initiation is by optic but nonvisually responsive cellular absorption of a photon of a specific wavelength. Radical pairs are short-lived and must be correctly aligned in the host receptors for directional sensitivity. The firmest evidence for the radical-pair theory of magneto-reception in birds remains the cryptochromes, the blue-light absorbing flavoproteins, but the receptor molecule has not been identified yet. Subjective thought and consciousness are also unexplained in birds, as in humans and animals. However, the novel, structured dichotomy of the Two-Brains Hypothesis may provide a fresh, biophysical approach to the connection between geomagnetism, life and the evolution of vertebrate translocation without recourse to philosophy or a universe expanding beyond imagination.
{"title":"Geomagnetism came first: Implications for animal translocation and the two-brains hypothesis.","authors":"G. Goodman, R. Poznanski, L. Cacha, D. Bercovich","doi":"10.56280/1580132048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56280/1580132048","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the Two-Brains Hypothesis for induction between peripheral Schwann cells and their axon hosts and for intra- and trans-cranial bioengineering at the humanrobotics interface is accompanied by particular attention to its significance for a biological wonder: the involvement of geomagnetism in avian directional behavior in migration, homing and navigation. Two sources of magnetism are considered here. The simpler is the polar (compass) direction, long reported as resulting in some birds in a manner unknown from the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) in the avian ethmoid region. The second is certain chemical reactions that respond to applied magnetic fields. These usually involve radicals, molecules with unpaired electrons that spin in one of two possible states. A radicalpair mechanism, a light-dependent, chemical initiation of magnetic orientation, has been considered responsive to the axial inclination of the field in relation to Earth's field, but not to its polarity. The initiation is by optic but nonvisually responsive cellular absorption of a photon of a specific wavelength. Radical pairs are short-lived and must be correctly aligned in the host receptors for directional sensitivity. The firmest evidence for the radical-pair theory of magneto-reception in birds remains the cryptochromes, the blue-light absorbing flavoproteins, but the receptor molecule has not been identified yet. Subjective thought and consciousness are also unexplained in birds, as in humans and animals. However, the novel, structured dichotomy of the Two-Brains Hypothesis may provide a fresh, biophysical approach to the connection between geomagnetism, life and the evolution of vertebrate translocation without recourse to philosophy or a universe expanding beyond imagination.","PeriodicalId":230864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116434934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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