Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.003
M. N. Islam, S. Hossain, A. Khatton, M. Rahman, J. Sarker, H. A. Sikder, A. Chowdhury
Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from jute sticks has been studied and reported in this work. The successful removal of lignin and hemi-cellulose has been confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to measure the crystal size and crystallinity index. The FTIR analysis revealed that the acid hydrolysis had an effect on the crystalline of the fibre; however it did not influence the chemical components of the fibres. Pharmaceutical standard tests were done. Higher concentration of sodium chlorite produces minimum particle size and the effective thermal degradation occurs at 340 °C.
{"title":"Microcrystalline Cellulose from Jute Fiber: A Bright Prospect for Pharmaceutical Industry","authors":"M. N. Islam, S. Hossain, A. Khatton, M. Rahman, J. Sarker, H. A. Sikder, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from jute sticks has been studied and reported in this work. The successful removal of lignin and hemi-cellulose has been confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to measure the crystal size and crystallinity index. The FTIR analysis revealed that the acid hydrolysis had an effect on the crystalline of the fibre; however it did not influence the chemical components of the fibres. Pharmaceutical standard tests were done. Higher concentration of sodium chlorite produces minimum particle size and the effective thermal degradation occurs at 340 °C.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124632743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.004
Mela Yoro, J. Samson, J. Joshua, Patrick Datheh Bello, Joyous Wilson Kitime Jonah
In this research work, Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Carica papaya leaf extract via green route. The physicochemical parameters including boiling point, color, odor, density, pH as well as the solubility of papaya leaf extract were first determined before proceeding with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of Silver Nanoparticles first, was identified by color change from light brown to dark brown after the nucleation of the metal ions indicating that phytoconstituents of Carica papaya resulted in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0, a phenomenon that could be attributed to the surface Plasmon absorption. The bio fabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – Visible and SEM to be certain of its formation before being deployed in the antibacterial studies. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed maximum absorbance of 1.05 at a corresponding wavelength (λ max) of 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of silver NPs from papaya leaves which is characteristic of Silver Nanoparticles. SEM image revealed that, the synthesized silver nanoparticles have a spinel like structure and an average size of about 50nm. The antibacterial studies of Silver nanoparticles were conducted against B. subtilis, K. pneunoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi. Different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500μg/L of Silver nanoparticles were tested against each pathogen. The inhibition zone increases generally with increase in concentrations of silver nanoparticles. At higher concentration of 500μg/L, the zones of inhibition were in the following order; 24.44mm, 17.64mm, 17.52mm, 16.88mm, and 16.00mm for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. typhi respectively. The zone of inhibition for Augmentin was found to be higher compared to silver nanoparticles for each pathogen, except for P. aeruginosa where it is almost the same, an indication of high activity of silver nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa due to the comparability with Augmentin. For each concentration investigated, B. subtilis demonstrated higher zone of inhibition as compared to other pathogens studied in this work, hence, Ag NPs may be a potential antibiotic.
{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters and Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Carica papaya Leaf Extract","authors":"Mela Yoro, J. Samson, J. Joshua, Patrick Datheh Bello, Joyous Wilson Kitime Jonah","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Carica papaya leaf extract via green route. The physicochemical parameters including boiling point, color, odor, density, pH as well as the solubility of papaya leaf extract were first determined before proceeding with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of Silver Nanoparticles first, was identified by color change from light brown to dark brown after the nucleation of the metal ions indicating that phytoconstituents of Carica papaya resulted in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0, a phenomenon that could be attributed to the surface Plasmon absorption. The bio fabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – Visible and SEM to be certain of its formation before being deployed in the antibacterial studies. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed maximum absorbance of 1.05 at a corresponding wavelength (λ max) of 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of silver NPs from papaya leaves which is characteristic of Silver Nanoparticles. SEM image revealed that, the synthesized silver nanoparticles have a spinel like structure and an average size of about 50nm. The antibacterial studies of Silver nanoparticles were conducted against B. subtilis, K. pneunoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi. Different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500μg/L of Silver nanoparticles were tested against each pathogen. The inhibition zone increases generally with increase in concentrations of silver nanoparticles. At higher concentration of 500μg/L, the zones of inhibition were in the following order; 24.44mm, 17.64mm, 17.52mm, 16.88mm, and 16.00mm for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. typhi respectively. The zone of inhibition for Augmentin was found to be higher compared to silver nanoparticles for each pathogen, except for P. aeruginosa where it is almost the same, an indication of high activity of silver nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa due to the comparability with Augmentin. For each concentration investigated, B. subtilis demonstrated higher zone of inhibition as compared to other pathogens studied in this work, hence, Ag NPs may be a potential antibiotic.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.002
J. T, O. A, P. C., I. D.
The level of heavy metals in marine ecosystem has been intensively studied during recent years as these hazardous substances could be accumulated in the biota. Generally, the presence of contaminants in shellfish is as a result of human activities such as industrial, agricultural wastes, crude oil exploration and spillage and this has pose a significant threat to humans’ health and other animals feeding on them over the years. In this study, some heavy metals levels in shellfishes sourced from the rivers of Otuoke community in Ogbia local Government Area, Oporoma community in Ekeremor Local Government Area and Sangana community in Brass Local Government Area, all in Bayelsa state, were investigated and the samples were prepared according to Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation FAO (1994) standard test methods. The total mean of cadmium, Lead, and mercury ranges between 0.00mg/g to 0.002mg/g in periwinkle, prawn and oyster gotten from the three communities and was compared with the WHO acceptable limit of 0.5mg/kg – 1.0mg/kg. This could have been due to increased rainfall during the period of this study which in turn increase water levels and hence reduced or dilute the heavy metal concentration and thus less risk of bioaccumulation or possibly that the oil producing communities from where the shellfish where obtained might have possibly be link to lack of cases of oil spillage over a recent past before the commencement of the study. This study therefore advocates that periwinkle, prawn and oyster which are shellfishes used for this study from the rivers in these communities are safe for human consumption with respect to heavy metals load especially within the raining season when this study was conducted.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Content of Some Selected Shellfish from Oil Producing Communities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"J. T, O. A, P. C., I. D.","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.002","url":null,"abstract":"The level of heavy metals in marine ecosystem has been intensively studied during recent years as these hazardous substances could be accumulated in the biota. Generally, the presence of contaminants in shellfish is as a result of human activities such as industrial, agricultural wastes, crude oil exploration and spillage and this has pose a significant threat to humans’ health and other animals feeding on them over the years. In this study, some heavy metals levels in shellfishes sourced from the rivers of Otuoke community in Ogbia local Government Area, Oporoma community in Ekeremor Local Government Area and Sangana community in Brass Local Government Area, all in Bayelsa state, were investigated and the samples were prepared according to Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation FAO (1994) standard test methods. The total mean of cadmium, Lead, and mercury ranges between 0.00mg/g to 0.002mg/g in periwinkle, prawn and oyster gotten from the three communities and was compared with the WHO acceptable limit of 0.5mg/kg – 1.0mg/kg. This could have been due to increased rainfall during the period of this study which in turn increase water levels and hence reduced or dilute the heavy metal concentration and thus less risk of bioaccumulation or possibly that the oil producing communities from where the shellfish where obtained might have possibly be link to lack of cases of oil spillage over a recent past before the commencement of the study. This study therefore advocates that periwinkle, prawn and oyster which are shellfishes used for this study from the rivers in these communities are safe for human consumption with respect to heavy metals load especially within the raining season when this study was conducted.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116490918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.001
Leila Hojatkashani̇, Amir Ali Omi̇di̇
DNA strands and their bases are in the cells in every creature. They essential for growth, metabolism regulation and carrying genetic information bases to new generations. The bases of DNA are working with 0 and 1 system. In this theoretical research, first, by using Gaussian program, NMR susceptibility of DNA bases and their C2Fe+ attached varieties are determined. In the next step, with effect of magnetic field (H) and NMR susceptibility of these compounds, their resulted Magnetization (M) is calculated. These resulted magnetizations not only can be considered as a method to make a new (0) and (1) system for DNA bases but also can be used as creating certain signals to mark of DNA bases and their compounds which are attached to C2Fe+.
{"title":"NMR Susceptibility and Magnetization of DNA Bases, Nucleotides and Their Derivatives with C2Fe+, A DFT Study","authors":"Leila Hojatkashani̇, Amir Ali Omi̇di̇","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"DNA strands and their bases are in the cells in every creature. They essential for growth, metabolism regulation and carrying genetic information bases to new generations. The bases of DNA are working with 0 and 1 system. In this theoretical research, first, by using Gaussian program, NMR susceptibility of DNA bases and their C2Fe+ attached varieties are determined. In the next step, with effect of magnetic field (H) and NMR susceptibility of these compounds, their resulted Magnetization (M) is calculated. These resulted magnetizations not only can be considered as a method to make a new (0) and (1) system for DNA bases but also can be used as creating certain signals to mark of DNA bases and their compounds which are attached to C2Fe+.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124779448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.003
Mela Yoro, J. Joshua, Ayuba Isiyaku, Joyous Wilson Kitime Jonah, Patrick Datheh Bello
In this research article, Cobalt nanoparticles were green synthesized, Characterized and applied in antimicrobial study of some selected pathogens. The formation of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed by first, its colour change from light brown to dark brown within 10 minutes. From the UV-Vis spectral analysis, it was observed that highest absorption peak appeared at 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of Cobalt NPs from Parkia biglobosa stem which is characteristic of Cobalt Nanoparticles. From the FT-IR studies, the absorption peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1, 3660.31 cm-1, 3436.44 cm-1, 1638.75 cm-1, 1384.50 cm-1, 1090.80 cm-1and 798 cm-1. Investigation revealed a medium sharp peak absorption at 1090.80 cm-1which may be attributed to the stretching of aliphatic hydrocarbon (C–H). A peak at 1384.50 cm-1corresponds to C=C stretching while the absorption bands at 1638.75 cm-1and 3436.44 cm-1may be assigned to N-H and O-H stretching vibration modes respectively. Similarly, peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1 and 3660.31 cm-1 corresponding to O-H belonging to water and alcohol respectively. Furthermore, the very strong band at 798 cm-1emanates from C-O-C symmetric stretching and C-O-H bending vibrations of protein in the Cobalt nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the bio fabricated Cobalt nanoparticles, has revealed by SEM image, is spherical in shape having smooth surface and well dispersed with close compact arrangement. From the microbial study carried out, the surfaces of the cobalt nanoparticles might have interacted directly with the bacterial outer membrane, causing the membrane to rupture thereby killing the microbes. The antibacterial activity demonstrated by the cobalt nanoparticles in this study could be attributed to their small size and high surface to volume ratio, which therefore enables them to interact closely with bacterial membranes. From the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study conducted, it showed clearly that the green synthesized cobalt nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the pathogens investigated.
{"title":"Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Cobalt Nanoparticles from Parkia biglobosa Aqueous Stem Extract","authors":"Mela Yoro, J. Joshua, Ayuba Isiyaku, Joyous Wilson Kitime Jonah, Patrick Datheh Bello","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this research article, Cobalt nanoparticles were green synthesized, Characterized and applied in antimicrobial study of some selected pathogens. The formation of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed by first, its colour change from light brown to dark brown within 10 minutes. From the UV-Vis spectral analysis, it was observed that highest absorption peak appeared at 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of Cobalt NPs from Parkia biglobosa stem which is characteristic of Cobalt Nanoparticles. From the FT-IR studies, the absorption peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1, 3660.31 cm-1, 3436.44 cm-1, 1638.75 cm-1, 1384.50 cm-1, 1090.80 cm-1and 798 cm-1. Investigation revealed a medium sharp peak absorption at 1090.80 cm-1which may be attributed to the stretching of aliphatic hydrocarbon (C–H). A peak at 1384.50 cm-1corresponds to C=C stretching while the absorption bands at 1638.75 cm-1and 3436.44 cm-1may be assigned to N-H and O-H stretching vibration modes respectively. Similarly, peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1 and 3660.31 cm-1 corresponding to O-H belonging to water and alcohol respectively. Furthermore, the very strong band at 798 cm-1emanates from C-O-C symmetric stretching and C-O-H bending vibrations of protein in the Cobalt nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the bio fabricated Cobalt nanoparticles, has revealed by SEM image, is spherical in shape having smooth surface and well dispersed with close compact arrangement. From the microbial study carried out, the surfaces of the cobalt nanoparticles might have interacted directly with the bacterial outer membrane, causing the membrane to rupture thereby killing the microbes. The antibacterial activity demonstrated by the cobalt nanoparticles in this study could be attributed to their small size and high surface to volume ratio, which therefore enables them to interact closely with bacterial membranes. From the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study conducted, it showed clearly that the green synthesized cobalt nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the pathogens investigated.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132458736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.001
M.N. Islam, M. Hussain, A. Khatton, J. Sarker, H. A. Sikder, A. Chowdhury
Jute is highly flammable in character. Due to its high degree of flammability, the versatile use of this fibre is handicapped to some extent, particularly in some specific purpose where jute products with flame resistance finishes and demanded. Considering this disadvantage, a research project was undertaken to make this fibre flameproof and therefore safer in specialized textile uses. The study was performed using yarn and fabrics which were desized with diastase and lissapol-N. Yarn and fabrics were scoured with sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide under some standard conditions. These pretreated yarns and fabrics were used in the whole experimental work. The treated yarns were tested for flame retardant by subjecting them to the luminous flame of Bunsen burner and by observing the time of flaming (after flame) and time of glowing (flameless combustion, after glow), if any Percentage losses of strength of the treated yarn and fabrics were also measured by standard method. Different solutions of fire resistant chemicals were prepared to change the chemical, concentration and pH ratio of the solution. Jute fabrics and yarns treated with 65% solution of urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (the ratio of urea and ADP being 3:2) together with 2% Turpex NP and 3-6% perapret PE-40% were found durably flame retardant causing minimum loss of the strength. This research was focused on fire resistant treatment of jute yarn and fabrics with different chemicals to make jute products for diversified textile uses.
{"title":"Development of Fire Retardant on Jute by Chemical Means","authors":"M.N. Islam, M. Hussain, A. Khatton, J. Sarker, H. A. Sikder, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Jute is highly flammable in character. Due to its high degree of flammability, the versatile use of this fibre is handicapped to some extent, particularly in some specific purpose where jute products with flame resistance finishes and demanded. Considering this disadvantage, a research project was undertaken to make this fibre flameproof and therefore safer in specialized textile uses. The study was performed using yarn and fabrics which were desized with diastase and lissapol-N. Yarn and fabrics were scoured with sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide under some standard conditions. These pretreated yarns and fabrics were used in the whole experimental work. The treated yarns were tested for flame retardant by subjecting them to the luminous flame of Bunsen burner and by observing the time of flaming (after flame) and time of glowing (flameless combustion, after glow), if any Percentage losses of strength of the treated yarn and fabrics were also measured by standard method. Different solutions of fire resistant chemicals were prepared to change the chemical, concentration and pH ratio of the solution. Jute fabrics and yarns treated with 65% solution of urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (the ratio of urea and ADP being 3:2) together with 2% Turpex NP and 3-6% perapret PE-40% were found durably flame retardant causing minimum loss of the strength. This research was focused on fire resistant treatment of jute yarn and fabrics with different chemicals to make jute products for diversified textile uses.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116000168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.002
H. A. Sikder, A. Kabir, A. Chowdhury, M. N. Islam, A. Khatton, J. Sarker, S. Hossain
As the allocated forestland for pulp and paper production in Bangladesh is very limited and a substantial amount of crops residues are generated each year, the latter can substitute for pulp and paper production. In this context, eight residues of crops produced in Bangladesh were evaluated. Final pulp yields were 40 -65% with the kappa number of 11-32% depending on crops residues. The experimental processes are outlined. The physico-mechanical properties of handmade papers are estimated by standard procedure. Gram per Square Metre (GSM), brightness percentage, thickness and tearing strength of different handmade paper sheets shows acceptable papermaking properties. FT-IR analysis were carried out for identifying types of chemicals bonds (functional groups).The study indicates that these hand-made papers can be used for making eco-friendly paper bags, packaging material which will be suitable alternative to the non-biodegradable plastic, a cause of ecological and environmental pollution.
{"title":"Production of High Yield Pulp and Paper from Jute Fibre in Bangladesh: A Comparison with Other Crop Residues","authors":"H. A. Sikder, A. Kabir, A. Chowdhury, M. N. Islam, A. Khatton, J. Sarker, S. Hossain","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i05.002","url":null,"abstract":"As the allocated forestland for pulp and paper production in Bangladesh is very limited and a substantial amount of crops residues are generated each year, the latter can substitute for pulp and paper production. In this context, eight residues of crops produced in Bangladesh were evaluated. Final pulp yields were 40 -65% with the kappa number of 11-32% depending on crops residues. The experimental processes are outlined. The physico-mechanical properties of handmade papers are estimated by standard procedure. Gram per Square Metre (GSM), brightness percentage, thickness and tearing strength of different handmade paper sheets shows acceptable papermaking properties. FT-IR analysis were carried out for identifying types of chemicals bonds (functional groups).The study indicates that these hand-made papers can be used for making eco-friendly paper bags, packaging material which will be suitable alternative to the non-biodegradable plastic, a cause of ecological and environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.002
Shashe Kassaw, Addisu Tamir, Biruk Bezabeh Yimam
To cure ailments, the global population makes medicines from plants. Ficus palmata can be used to cure a variety of ailments. The purpose of this study was to examine the phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from Ficus palmata fruit and leaf crude extract. Maceration was used to make the methanol extracts, which were subsequently fractionated. The crude extracts and fractions were subjected to standard phytochemical screening assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarins, and terpenoids in the crude methanol fruit extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids in the extract. The determination of trace metals in leaves and fruit samples using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer revealed that the fruits contained relatively high quantities of iron and other nutritionally essential elements, such as magnesium, calcium, and copper, whereas the leaves contain a high level of calcium, magnesium, and iron, as well as a small amount of copper.
{"title":"Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antibacterial Activities of the Fruit and Leaf Crude Extract of Ficus palmata","authors":"Shashe Kassaw, Addisu Tamir, Biruk Bezabeh Yimam","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.002","url":null,"abstract":"To cure ailments, the global population makes medicines from plants. Ficus palmata can be used to cure a variety of ailments. The purpose of this study was to examine the phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from Ficus palmata fruit and leaf crude extract. Maceration was used to make the methanol extracts, which were subsequently fractionated. The crude extracts and fractions were subjected to standard phytochemical screening assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarins, and terpenoids in the crude methanol fruit extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids in the extract. The determination of trace metals in leaves and fruit samples using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer revealed that the fruits contained relatively high quantities of iron and other nutritionally essential elements, such as magnesium, calcium, and copper, whereas the leaves contain a high level of calcium, magnesium, and iron, as well as a small amount of copper.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114721414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.001
Mukasa-Tebandeke, I. Z, K. I, S. J, Wasajja, H. Z, Nankinga, R. M
Solanaceae is family of plants widely used in food, sauce and herbal medicine because its members are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts and other trace and essential nutrients like phenols and flavonoids that retard degenerative diseases and stress. Knowledge on purposeful use of solanaceae in food and medicine in Uganda is low. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves of three selected solanum genera growing in Kabale were compared for their polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. Total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. Antioxidant properties and radical scavenging were determined using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate-iron (III) complex and iron (II)/(III)-linoleic acid systems. The polyphenol content of dry leaves of S. anguivi was 1750 ± 0.70, that for S. macrocarpon was 104 ± 0.45 and S. nigrum was 97.80 ± 0.15 GAE/g yet the flavonoid content was 7.40 ± 0.30, 35.00 ± 0.60 and 16.40 ± 0.40 mg/QE/g for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum respectively. The DPPH scavenging at IC50 were 7.80 ± 0.25; 45.60 ± 0.30 and 42.90 ± 0.20 respectively yet hydrogen peroxide scavenging at IC50 stood at 6.89 ± 0.15; 27.00 ± 0.35 and 17 .90 ± 0.20 μg/mL in the respective order for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum. The available data suggests the plants are very good food supplements of high nutritive and chemotherapeutic values. However, there is need to perform in vivo and vitro experiments to deduce their efficacy on mammals.
{"title":"Comparison of Antioxidant, Flavonoid and Polyphenol Content of Three Selected Solanaceae Genera from Kigezi, Southwest Uganda","authors":"Mukasa-Tebandeke, I. Z, K. I, S. J, Wasajja, H. Z, Nankinga, R. M","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Solanaceae is family of plants widely used in food, sauce and herbal medicine because its members are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts and other trace and essential nutrients like phenols and flavonoids that retard degenerative diseases and stress. Knowledge on purposeful use of solanaceae in food and medicine in Uganda is low. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves of three selected solanum genera growing in Kabale were compared for their polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. Total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. Antioxidant properties and radical scavenging were determined using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate-iron (III) complex and iron (II)/(III)-linoleic acid systems. The polyphenol content of dry leaves of S. anguivi was 1750 ± 0.70, that for S. macrocarpon was 104 ± 0.45 and S. nigrum was 97.80 ± 0.15 GAE/g yet the flavonoid content was 7.40 ± 0.30, 35.00 ± 0.60 and 16.40 ± 0.40 mg/QE/g for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum respectively. The DPPH scavenging at IC50 were 7.80 ± 0.25; 45.60 ± 0.30 and 42.90 ± 0.20 respectively yet hydrogen peroxide scavenging at IC50 stood at 6.89 ± 0.15; 27.00 ± 0.35 and 17 .90 ± 0.20 μg/mL in the respective order for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum. The available data suggests the plants are very good food supplements of high nutritive and chemotherapeutic values. However, there is need to perform in vivo and vitro experiments to deduce their efficacy on mammals.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134232025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003
M. N. Islam, J. Sarker, A. Khatton, S. Hossain, H. A. Sikder, R. Ahmed, A. Chowdhury
Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.14–0.16 cm3/g). The FT-IR spectra exhibited that the pyrolysis of jute stick resulted in the release of aliphatic and O - containing functional groups by thermal effect. However, the release of functional groups is effect of chemical reaction in the ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4 activation process. A honeycomb carbon structure in activated carbon was formed as observed on SEM images. Although charcoal and activated carbon were prepared at 3000C to 3500, the activated carbon exhibited much lower Raman sensitivity due to the formation of condensed aromatic ring systems. Due to high surface area and high porous structure with abundance of functional groups, the activated carbon prepared from jute sticks charcoal absorbed molecules with much higher than those of other activated carbon.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared from Jute Stick Charcoal for Industrial Uses","authors":"M. N. Islam, J. Sarker, A. Khatton, S. Hossain, H. A. Sikder, R. Ahmed, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.14–0.16 cm3/g). The FT-IR spectra exhibited that the pyrolysis of jute stick resulted in the release of aliphatic and O - containing functional groups by thermal effect. However, the release of functional groups is effect of chemical reaction in the ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4 activation process. A honeycomb carbon structure in activated carbon was formed as observed on SEM images. Although charcoal and activated carbon were prepared at 3000C to 3500, the activated carbon exhibited much lower Raman sensitivity due to the formation of condensed aromatic ring systems. Due to high surface area and high porous structure with abundance of functional groups, the activated carbon prepared from jute sticks charcoal absorbed molecules with much higher than those of other activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122690171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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