Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i05.001
Uzohuo Emmanuel N, A. Obinna, N. E, Enete Uchenna
The search for dietary sources with potent biological activities has increasingly attracted considerable attention. Sweet potato leaves (SPL) are considered to be a leafy vegetable consumed by humans, which is not currently widely used, despite it possession drought tolerance, and the ability to grow in different climates and farming systems. This study evaluated the in vitro Nutraceutical and Pharmacological potential of underutilized leafy vegetable (Ipomoea batatas leaf). The phytochemicals, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; mineral and vitamins compositions of the leaf were carried out using standard method. The bioactive compounds in Ipomoea batatas were identified using GC-MS. The results of the GC-MS profiling revealed n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.43%), Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl (17.73%), and 16-Pregnenolone (11.30%) as the most abundant bioactive compounds in Ipomoea batata leaves. The mineral analysis showed that Ipomoea batata leaves contains favorable amount of macro elements such as Ca (915.40±9.50), K (2083.30±15.00), P (511.26±4.70), Mg (271.25±7.20), Na (9.98±1.06) and considerable amount of trace elements such as Fe (10.60±1.30), Mn (2.55±0.27), Zinc (2.70±0.11), and Cu (1.32±0.08) in which all were measured in miligram per 100g (mg/100). The vitamins such as of Vitamin A, vitamins C, vitamin E, niacin (B3), thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), vitamin D and vitamin K are present in trace amount in the leaves. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent free radical scavenging activities. The anti-inflammatory analysis showed that the percent inhibition of hemolysis (20–100 µg/mL dry weight basis) was within the range of 4.1% to 18%. Percent inhibition of protein denaturation was within the range of 29.0–71.0%, Proteinase inhibitory activity was within the range of 16–30.0% and the lipoxygenase inhibition was within the range of 8.2–34.5%. This study provide validation for the usage of Ipomoea batatas leaf as new leafy vegetable with appreciable nutritional values and also provided credence to the bioactive compounds in leaf as potential novel drug candidate for pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"GC-MS Bioactive Compound Identification, in vitro Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Potential of Underutilized Leafy Vegetable (Ipomoea batatas leaf)","authors":"Uzohuo Emmanuel N, A. Obinna, N. E, Enete Uchenna","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"The search for dietary sources with potent biological activities has increasingly attracted considerable attention. Sweet potato leaves (SPL) are considered to be a leafy vegetable consumed by humans, which is not currently widely used, despite it possession drought tolerance, and the ability to grow in different climates and farming systems. This study evaluated the in vitro Nutraceutical and Pharmacological potential of underutilized leafy vegetable (Ipomoea batatas leaf). The phytochemicals, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; mineral and vitamins compositions of the leaf were carried out using standard method. The bioactive compounds in Ipomoea batatas were identified using GC-MS. The results of the GC-MS profiling revealed n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.43%), Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl (17.73%), and 16-Pregnenolone (11.30%) as the most abundant bioactive compounds in Ipomoea batata leaves. The mineral analysis showed that Ipomoea batata leaves contains favorable amount of macro elements such as Ca (915.40±9.50), K (2083.30±15.00), P (511.26±4.70), Mg (271.25±7.20), Na (9.98±1.06) and considerable amount of trace elements such as Fe (10.60±1.30), Mn (2.55±0.27), Zinc (2.70±0.11), and Cu (1.32±0.08) in which all were measured in miligram per 100g (mg/100). The vitamins such as of Vitamin A, vitamins C, vitamin E, niacin (B3), thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), vitamin D and vitamin K are present in trace amount in the leaves. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent free radical scavenging activities. The anti-inflammatory analysis showed that the percent inhibition of hemolysis (20–100 µg/mL dry weight basis) was within the range of 4.1% to 18%. Percent inhibition of protein denaturation was within the range of 29.0–71.0%, Proteinase inhibitory activity was within the range of 16–30.0% and the lipoxygenase inhibition was within the range of 8.2–34.5%. This study provide validation for the usage of Ipomoea batatas leaf as new leafy vegetable with appreciable nutritional values and also provided credence to the bioactive compounds in leaf as potential novel drug candidate for pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124414681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.004
M. O. Onyema, John Tamaralayefa Eselemondi
Tricyclic terpanes identified in two representative crude oils from the Central and Western Niger Delta (oil- RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively) ranged from C19 to C29, including C24 tetracyclic terpane. Plot of the abundances of tricyclic terpanes show similarity in the distribution profile of the oil samples, characterized by the uncommon distribution of C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes indicating both Niger Delta crude oils are derived from similar source organic matter. Ratios of C22/C21 and C24/C23 tricyclic terpanes indicate source rocks of the crude oil samples were deposited in a deltaic environment and derived from mixed marine/terrestrial organic matter. Additional, C26/C25 tricyclic terpanes, C24 tetracyclic/C23 tricyclic terpanes and C24 tetracyclic/C26 tricyclic terpanes indicate the crude oil samples are generated from shale source rocks derived from terrestrial organic matter, with oil-DTIR receiving a more terrestrial contribution, and marine facies, with oil-RVAG receiving a more marine contribution. Thermal maturity, determined from ratios of low to high molecular weight tricyclic terpanes, indicate the crude oil samples are mature with oil-RVAG more mature than oil-DTIR. The ratios of C19/C23 and C20/C23 tricyclic terpanes, which indicate high maturity of the crude oils, suggested terrestrial and marine source for oil-RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively, contrasting with the relative abundances of tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes. This implies the abundances of C19 and C20 tricyclic terpanes, particularly in crude oils at high maturity, as in the Niger Delta, has interfering effect on source interpretation and its ratios be used in combination with other parameters for evaluating Niger Delta crude oils.
{"title":"Tricyclic Terpane Fingerprint of Crude Oils from Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"M. O. Onyema, John Tamaralayefa Eselemondi","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Tricyclic terpanes identified in two representative crude oils from the Central and Western Niger Delta (oil- RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively) ranged from C19 to C29, including C24 tetracyclic terpane. Plot of the abundances of tricyclic terpanes show similarity in the distribution profile of the oil samples, characterized by the uncommon distribution of C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes indicating both Niger Delta crude oils are derived from similar source organic matter. Ratios of C22/C21 and C24/C23 tricyclic terpanes indicate source rocks of the crude oil samples were deposited in a deltaic environment and derived from mixed marine/terrestrial organic matter. Additional, C26/C25 tricyclic terpanes, C24 tetracyclic/C23 tricyclic terpanes and C24 tetracyclic/C26 tricyclic terpanes indicate the crude oil samples are generated from shale source rocks derived from terrestrial organic matter, with oil-DTIR receiving a more terrestrial contribution, and marine facies, with oil-RVAG receiving a more marine contribution. Thermal maturity, determined from ratios of low to high molecular weight tricyclic terpanes, indicate the crude oil samples are mature with oil-RVAG more mature than oil-DTIR. The ratios of C19/C23 and C20/C23 tricyclic terpanes, which indicate high maturity of the crude oils, suggested terrestrial and marine source for oil-RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively, contrasting with the relative abundances of tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes. This implies the abundances of C19 and C20 tricyclic terpanes, particularly in crude oils at high maturity, as in the Niger Delta, has interfering effect on source interpretation and its ratios be used in combination with other parameters for evaluating Niger Delta crude oils.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124432235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.005
Ahmed Badrelddin Mohammed Gibril, Elsadig H. Rudwan
In this study an effective method was developed to assay Bisoprolol fumarate in tablets dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Reprosil pure basic C18 analytical column. A mixture of acetonitrile + Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.050 mol L-1) (30:70 V/V), pH 3.5 was used as the mobile phase, effluent flow rate monitored at 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection at 233 nm. In forced degradation studies, the effects of acid, base, oxidation, UV light and temperature which were investigated showed no interference in the peak of drug. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The method was linear at concentrations ranging from 5µg/mL to 17.5µmg/mL, precise (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations R.S.D. < 2 %), (r2 = 0.9995).
{"title":"Design of Optimized RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Bisoprolol Fumarate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"Ahmed Badrelddin Mohammed Gibril, Elsadig H. Rudwan","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study an effective method was developed to assay Bisoprolol fumarate in tablets dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Reprosil pure basic C18 analytical column. A mixture of acetonitrile + Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.050 mol L-1) (30:70 V/V), pH 3.5 was used as the mobile phase, effluent flow rate monitored at 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection at 233 nm. In forced degradation studies, the effects of acid, base, oxidation, UV light and temperature which were investigated showed no interference in the peak of drug. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The method was linear at concentrations ranging from 5µg/mL to 17.5µmg/mL, precise (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations R.S.D. < 2 %), (r2 = 0.9995).","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-09DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.003
M. M. Mohammed, M. B. Hussein, Y. Sulfab, Abdelwahab Abuelgasim Mohammed Adam
The New ligand 5-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL)(1) was synthesized. This ligand reacted with Co(II) and Ni(II) chloride in ratio 1:2 metal:ligand afforded two complexes, [Co(LH)]Cl2 (2) and [Ni(HL)2]Cl2 (3). The ligand and its metal (II) complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The X-ray structural studies revealed that the free ligand exist in thione form and remain as neutral tridentate with NNS donor atoms in the tow complexes beside presence of uncoordinated chloride ions in the cavities of the crystal lattice of the complexes. One of these chlorides in complex (2) is hydrogen bonded to a proton of the amine of the ligand. While in complex (3) the chloride bonded to proton of imine (-N2H) of the ligand and the coordination environment has a distorted octahedral. The oxazole N and S atoms in the two complexes are cis to each other whereas the azomethine N atoms are trans coordinated. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested for their in vitro biological activity against six standard microorganisms: two Gram positive namely Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus, and one Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and three fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast), Mucor spec., and Aspergillus niger, at a concentration 100µg/ml.
{"title":"Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of New Substituted Oxazole Thiosemicarbazone Ligand and its Co (II) and Ni (II) Complexes","authors":"M. M. Mohammed, M. B. Hussein, Y. Sulfab, Abdelwahab Abuelgasim Mohammed Adam","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The New ligand 5-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL)(1) was synthesized. This ligand reacted with Co(II) and Ni(II) chloride in ratio 1:2 metal:ligand afforded two complexes, [Co(LH)]Cl2 (2) and [Ni(HL)2]Cl2 (3). The ligand and its metal (II) complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The X-ray structural studies revealed that the free ligand exist in thione form and remain as neutral tridentate with NNS donor atoms in the tow complexes beside presence of uncoordinated chloride ions in the cavities of the crystal lattice of the complexes. One of these chlorides in complex (2) is hydrogen bonded to a proton of the amine of the ligand. While in complex (3) the chloride bonded to proton of imine (-N2H) of the ligand and the coordination environment has a distorted octahedral. The oxazole N and S atoms in the two complexes are cis to each other whereas the azomethine N atoms are trans coordinated. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested for their in vitro biological activity against six standard microorganisms: two Gram positive namely Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus, and one Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and three fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast), Mucor spec., and Aspergillus niger, at a concentration 100µg/ml.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134263219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.002
Functional polymers has great importance in the field of electrochemical sensing and biosensors due to adaptable chemical, electrical, and structural features, functional polymers are a significant class of materials that have been extensively used to create electrochemical biosensors. Additionally, conducting polymers can be made nanostructured, functional group-grafted chemically, or combined with other functional materials, like nanoparticles, to significantly enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility of the biosensor's response to a variety of bioanalytes. Since these biosensors offer benefits such being affordable and having a low detection limit, they are anticipated to play an increasingly important role in providing diagnostic information and monitoring therapy. Because of this, this article begins with a description of the electroanalytical techniques (amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, impedometry, voltammetry) used in electrochemical biosensors, and then moves on to a review of recent developments in the use of conducting polymers in the identification of bioanalytes that led to the development of enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and whole-cell biosensors.
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensor Based on Functional Polymers","authors":"","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Functional polymers has great importance in the field of electrochemical sensing and biosensors due to adaptable chemical, electrical, and structural features, functional polymers are a significant class of materials that have been extensively used to create electrochemical biosensors. Additionally, conducting polymers can be made nanostructured, functional group-grafted chemically, or combined with other functional materials, like nanoparticles, to significantly enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility of the biosensor's response to a variety of bioanalytes. Since these biosensors offer benefits such being affordable and having a low detection limit, they are anticipated to play an increasingly important role in providing diagnostic information and monitoring therapy. Because of this, this article begins with a description of the electroanalytical techniques (amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, impedometry, voltammetry) used in electrochemical biosensors, and then moves on to a review of recent developments in the use of conducting polymers in the identification of bioanalytes that led to the development of enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and whole-cell biosensors.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125238463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.001
C. John, Awarri Onyebuchi
The extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium using unmodified (ROSE) and the 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) has been successfully achieved. Cold solvent extraction technique using a 50:50 acetone/water ratio was used for extraction of the red onion skin at 125 µm mesh size. The metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique. Optimum percentage removal of the metal ions was achieved at pH 6.26 for Ni2+ (89.40 % for ROSE and 97.60 % for ROSEDS) and pH 7.57 for Pb2+ (80.10 % for ROSE and 82.56 % for ROSEDS). Optimum adsorption capacities of ROSE and ROSEDS for Ni2+ were 6.30 mg/g and 7.10 mg/g respectively; while for Pb2+ ions, values obtained for ROSE and ROSEDS were 5.87 mg/g and 6.34 mg/g respectively. Varying adsorbents dosage at fixed metals ion concentration yielded optimum percentage removal of 89.90 % and 97.90 % for Ni2+, while 86.85 % and 90.80 % for Pb2+, using ROSE and ROSEDS, respectively. Adsorption capacities of the adsorbents varied inversely with adsorbent dosages. In general, 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) gave comparatively, better results for the extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium; relative to the unmodified red onion skin extract (ROSE). Additionally, extraction of Ni2+ ions gave higher percentage removal values in both adsorbents when compared to extraction of Pb2+ ion under similar conditions. This result has been attributed to differences in their ionic radii. REVIEW ARTICLE | April 4, 2023
{"title":"Removal of Ni2+ and Pb2+ IONS from Aqueous Medium Using Unmodified and 4-Aminophenol Modified Red Onion Skin Extract","authors":"C. John, Awarri Onyebuchi","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium using unmodified (ROSE) and the 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) has been successfully achieved. Cold solvent extraction technique using a 50:50 acetone/water ratio was used for extraction of the red onion skin at 125 µm mesh size. The metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique. Optimum percentage removal of the metal ions was achieved at pH 6.26 for Ni2+ (89.40 % for ROSE and 97.60 % for ROSEDS) and pH 7.57 for Pb2+ (80.10 % for ROSE and 82.56 % for ROSEDS). Optimum adsorption capacities of ROSE and ROSEDS for Ni2+ were 6.30 mg/g and 7.10 mg/g respectively; while for Pb2+ ions, values obtained for ROSE and ROSEDS were 5.87 mg/g and 6.34 mg/g respectively. Varying adsorbents dosage at fixed metals ion concentration yielded optimum percentage removal of 89.90 % and 97.90 % for Ni2+, while 86.85 % and 90.80 % for Pb2+, using ROSE and ROSEDS, respectively. Adsorption capacities of the adsorbents varied inversely with adsorbent dosages. In general, 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) gave comparatively, better results for the extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium; relative to the unmodified red onion skin extract (ROSE). Additionally, extraction of Ni2+ ions gave higher percentage removal values in both adsorbents when compared to extraction of Pb2+ ion under similar conditions. This result has been attributed to differences in their ionic radii. REVIEW ARTICLE | April 4, 2023","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116220152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.002
S. Y. Hussaini, Maryam Abdulkadir, Najib A. Panda, I. I. Fagge, H. I. Danjaji, S. Sani
The Schiff base ligand has been synthesized by the reaction of ethanolic solution of benzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The corresponding metal complexes were obtained by refluxing the chlorides of Co(II) and Ni(II) with the prepared Schiff base in an ethanolic medium. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were established and analyzed by FT-IR, solubility test, melting point/decomposition temperature and conductivity measurement. The melting point of the Schiff base was found to be 157C and decomposition temperature of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were found to be 167°C and 174°C respectively. Molar conductance values of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are 1.31 and 2.04 µS/cm respectively. The solubility test carried out showed that the complexes are soluble in most organic solvents and insoluble in water. The antibacterial activity test of the ligand and metal complexes showed that the metal complexes were found to be active against the organism tested while the ligand was inactive.
{"title":"Synthesis, Analysis and Antibacterial Studies of Co(II) and Ni(II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine and Benzaldehyde","authors":"S. Y. Hussaini, Maryam Abdulkadir, Najib A. Panda, I. I. Fagge, H. I. Danjaji, S. Sani","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Schiff base ligand has been synthesized by the reaction of ethanolic solution of benzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The corresponding metal complexes were obtained by refluxing the chlorides of Co(II) and Ni(II) with the prepared Schiff base in an ethanolic medium. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were established and analyzed by FT-IR, solubility test, melting point/decomposition temperature and conductivity measurement. The melting point of the Schiff base was found to be 157C and decomposition temperature of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were found to be 167°C and 174°C respectively. Molar conductance values of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are 1.31 and 2.04 µS/cm respectively. The solubility test carried out showed that the complexes are soluble in most organic solvents and insoluble in water. The antibacterial activity test of the ligand and metal complexes showed that the metal complexes were found to be active against the organism tested while the ligand was inactive.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130180482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.001
B. Ezea, O. Afieroho, M. Suleiman, K. Abo
As a follow-up to an earlier report on the antihyperlipidaemic activity guided fractionation study on the chloroform extract from the sclerotia of the edible mushroom Pleurotus tuber regium, this present study is reporting the isolation of a sesquiterpene enol carboxylic from the active chromatography fraction of the chloroform extract of this edible mushroom. The purity of the compound was confirmed from TLC and Melting point determination. The chemical structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (Mass spectrometry, 1&2D Nuclear magnetic resonance and Infra red spectroscopy). The isolated compound coded as compound P, exhibited molecular mass of 256 with molecular formular of C14H24O4 and from the 1 &2D NMR and IR analyses, the compound P was identified as a sesquiterpene enol carboxylic acid with a sytemic name of 2,3-dihydroxy-10-propylcyclodec-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid.
{"title":"A Sesquiterpene Enol Carboxylic Acid from Pleurotus tuber regium Sclerotium","authors":"B. Ezea, O. Afieroho, M. Suleiman, K. Abo","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"As a follow-up to an earlier report on the antihyperlipidaemic activity guided fractionation study on the chloroform extract from the sclerotia of the edible mushroom Pleurotus tuber regium, this present study is reporting the isolation of a sesquiterpene enol carboxylic from the active chromatography fraction of the chloroform extract of this edible mushroom. The purity of the compound was confirmed from TLC and Melting point determination. The chemical structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (Mass spectrometry, 1&2D Nuclear magnetic resonance and Infra red spectroscopy). The isolated compound coded as compound P, exhibited molecular mass of 256 with molecular formular of C14H24O4 and from the 1 &2D NMR and IR analyses, the compound P was identified as a sesquiterpene enol carboxylic acid with a sytemic name of 2,3-dihydroxy-10-propylcyclodec-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128465980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.002
C. John, Maduabuchi Doris Amarachi
Red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate modified with 2-aminophenol were used as adsorbents to extract Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from their aqueous solutions. The unmodified and modified adsorbents were characterized using some physicochemical parameters such as melting point, solubility in different solvents, thin layer chromatography and FTIR. The FTIR revealed presence of various functional groups in the structure of modified and unmodified red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate. Extraction studies result showed that the maximum pH for metal removal is 3.30, 8.00 and 6.46 for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ respectively. The percentage removal and adsorption capacities of the metal ions increased with increasing contact time, dosage and metal ion concentration. Quercetin dihydrate-diazonium salt (QDDS) showed a higher percentage removal for Cu2+ (99.19 %) than Ni2+ and Zn2+ while Red onions skin extract- diazonium salt (ROSEDS) showed a similar percentage removal for Cu2+ (98.57%) > Ni2+ (84.51%) > Zn (66.86%). Heavy metal ions were removed in this order; Cu2+ (99.19%) > Ni2+ (87.64%) > Zn2+ (71.56%) using QDDS. The adsorption kinetic studies and isotherm studies indicated that Pseudo-second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model best describe the adsorption processes. Therefore, ROSEDS and QDDS have proven to be an effective adsorbent for heavy metal ions from waste waters and industrial effluents.
{"title":"Extraction of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ Using 2-Aminophenol Modified Quecertin and Red Onion Skin Extract from Aqueous Medium","authors":"C. John, Maduabuchi Doris Amarachi","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate modified with 2-aminophenol were used as adsorbents to extract Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from their aqueous solutions. The unmodified and modified adsorbents were characterized using some physicochemical parameters such as melting point, solubility in different solvents, thin layer chromatography and FTIR. The FTIR revealed presence of various functional groups in the structure of modified and unmodified red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate. Extraction studies result showed that the maximum pH for metal removal is 3.30, 8.00 and 6.46 for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ respectively. The percentage removal and adsorption capacities of the metal ions increased with increasing contact time, dosage and metal ion concentration. Quercetin dihydrate-diazonium salt (QDDS) showed a higher percentage removal for Cu2+ (99.19 %) than Ni2+ and Zn2+ while Red onions skin extract- diazonium salt (ROSEDS) showed a similar percentage removal for Cu2+ (98.57%) > Ni2+ (84.51%) > Zn (66.86%). Heavy metal ions were removed in this order; Cu2+ (99.19%) > Ni2+ (87.64%) > Zn2+ (71.56%) using QDDS. The adsorption kinetic studies and isotherm studies indicated that Pseudo-second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model best describe the adsorption processes. Therefore, ROSEDS and QDDS have proven to be an effective adsorbent for heavy metal ions from waste waters and industrial effluents.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114252520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.001
O. Abayeh, L. Osuji, A. J. Bowofade, M. O. Onyema
Chemometric methods were employed to evaluate terpanes that correspond to the variations in the compositions of two Niger Delta crude oils (samples A-10 and F-00) in their mixes (samples B-82, C-64, D-46, and E- 28). Total abundances, plots, and hierarchical cluster analysis of C19 to C35 terpanes in the six oil samples suggest that the abundances and distributions of terpanes significantly correlated and did not mix correspondingly in the oil samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 95.77% of the total variance of individual terpanes among the oil samples with H30, OL, and NH30 explaining the most variance and NH25a, NH25b, and TR20d explaining the least variance, respectively. Plots of nine (9) ratios, derived from the most and least variant terpanes, gave R² values (0.4919 - 0.9749) that indicate the ratios moderately to very strongly correspond to the compositions of the two Niger Delta crude oils in the oil samples. Ratios of H30/H30+NH25b, OL/OL+NH25b and NH30/NH30+NH25b, with the highest R² values, showed very strong predictability (97.33%, 97.03% and 97.49%) for estimating the compositions of the two Niger Delta crude oils in their mixes.
{"title":"Chemometric Evaluation of Terpanes for Composition Allocation of Two Niger Delta Crude Oil Mixtures","authors":"O. Abayeh, L. Osuji, A. J. Bowofade, M. O. Onyema","doi":"10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2023.v06i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Chemometric methods were employed to evaluate terpanes that correspond to the variations in the compositions of two Niger Delta crude oils (samples A-10 and F-00) in their mixes (samples B-82, C-64, D-46, and E- 28). Total abundances, plots, and hierarchical cluster analysis of C19 to C35 terpanes in the six oil samples suggest that the abundances and distributions of terpanes significantly correlated and did not mix correspondingly in the oil samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 95.77% of the total variance of individual terpanes among the oil samples with H30, OL, and NH30 explaining the most variance and NH25a, NH25b, and TR20d explaining the least variance, respectively. Plots of nine (9) ratios, derived from the most and least variant terpanes, gave R² values (0.4919 - 0.9749) that indicate the ratios moderately to very strongly correspond to the compositions of the two Niger Delta crude oils in the oil samples. Ratios of H30/H30+NH25b, OL/OL+NH25b and NH30/NH30+NH25b, with the highest R² values, showed very strong predictability (97.33%, 97.03% and 97.49%) for estimating the compositions of the two Niger Delta crude oils in their mixes.","PeriodicalId":230897,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences","volume":"108 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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