Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379949
Dongchan Lee, D. Kundur
Real-time pricing is an incentive-based demand response, which makes it challenging to predict the outcome of the implementation. This paper focuses on the prediction of consumer behaviour from real-time pricing based on a population game model. The participation in demand response and the rescheduling of consumption are studied to predict change in demand. Moreover, we looked at different types of consumers and used their characteristics to study dynamics among them. The dynamic behaviour of the consumers from pricing is modeled with the replicator dynamic equation. Simulation results show how consumers schedule their consumption during peak and non-peak hours. Based on this model, the demand response from real-time pricing is predicted over time, and the effect in peak reduction is studied. An evolutionary game approach enables the interpretation of dynamic consumer behaviour and the design of adaptable pricing for consumers.
{"title":"An evolutionary game approach to predict demand response from real-time pricing","authors":"Dongchan Lee, D. Kundur","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379949","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time pricing is an incentive-based demand response, which makes it challenging to predict the outcome of the implementation. This paper focuses on the prediction of consumer behaviour from real-time pricing based on a population game model. The participation in demand response and the rescheduling of consumption are studied to predict change in demand. Moreover, we looked at different types of consumers and used their characteristics to study dynamics among them. The dynamic behaviour of the consumers from pricing is modeled with the replicator dynamic equation. Simulation results show how consumers schedule their consumption during peak and non-peak hours. Based on this model, the demand response from real-time pricing is predicted over time, and the effect in peak reduction is studied. An evolutionary game approach enables the interpretation of dynamic consumer behaviour and the design of adaptable pricing for consumers.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379976
Y. Gebrekiros, G. Doorman, T. Preda, A. Helseth
Power flow computations are essential for many types of power system analyses. In order to reduce computation time and reflect actual power market operation, network aggregation principles are often used. In this work we discuss network aggregation based on power transfer distribution factors (PTDF), by testing three different aggregation schemes. We analyze the performance of the three schemes comparing their solutions with the results obtained from a DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) performed on the non-aggregated system. The performance is evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus test system using three indicators; power generation, inter-zonal flows, and total system costs. To account for wind and load forecast uncertainty, we consider a modified IEEE 30-bus system proposed to address massive wind integration. The case study results show that the choice of weighting scheme significantly impacts the results. In particular, the PTDF aggregation schemes based on nodal injections (production minus demand) and production outperform the pro-rata aggregation scheme.
{"title":"Assessment of PTDF based power system aggregation schemes","authors":"Y. Gebrekiros, G. Doorman, T. Preda, A. Helseth","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379976","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow computations are essential for many types of power system analyses. In order to reduce computation time and reflect actual power market operation, network aggregation principles are often used. In this work we discuss network aggregation based on power transfer distribution factors (PTDF), by testing three different aggregation schemes. We analyze the performance of the three schemes comparing their solutions with the results obtained from a DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) performed on the non-aggregated system. The performance is evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus test system using three indicators; power generation, inter-zonal flows, and total system costs. To account for wind and load forecast uncertainty, we consider a modified IEEE 30-bus system proposed to address massive wind integration. The case study results show that the choice of weighting scheme significantly impacts the results. In particular, the PTDF aggregation schemes based on nodal injections (production minus demand) and production outperform the pro-rata aggregation scheme.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379967
O. Gupta, M. Tripathy
This paper presents an improved directional relaying scheme for thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) compensated transmission line, which is based on the initial slope of the Fault Component Energy (FCE). The initial change in FCE is negative for forward faults and it is positive for reverse faults. The performance of the scheme is tested using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and algorithm implemented in MATLAB. It is found that proposed scheme is unaffected by voltage and current inversion phenomena, which may occur in the presence of TCSC. Further, the proposed scheme is found accurate for high resistance faults.
{"title":"Directional relaying scheme for TCSC compensated line","authors":"O. Gupta, M. Tripathy","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379967","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved directional relaying scheme for thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) compensated transmission line, which is based on the initial slope of the Fault Component Energy (FCE). The initial change in FCE is negative for forward faults and it is positive for reverse faults. The performance of the scheme is tested using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and algorithm implemented in MATLAB. It is found that proposed scheme is unaffected by voltage and current inversion phenomena, which may occur in the presence of TCSC. Further, the proposed scheme is found accurate for high resistance faults.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379966
Gd Jennings, Lnf de Villiers
A solution is presented that improves the transient stability of a remotely connected 5640 MVA power station that is to be built 10km from an existing 4428 MVA power station through the use of fixed mH size air-core reactors. The main component of the solution involves dividing each 6-pack power station into two 3-pack stations by the use of series busbar reactors and also linking the two neighbouring power stations through a series reactor. The paper explains the impact these reactors have on synchronizing power flows and shows that optimal values for these reactors exist that maximize transient stability. The complete Transient Stability Scheme (TSS) has little negative impact on transmission and generation plant and increases the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) from 43ms to 88ms.
{"title":"Transient Stability improvement using series reactors: A case study","authors":"Gd Jennings, Lnf de Villiers","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379966","url":null,"abstract":"A solution is presented that improves the transient stability of a remotely connected 5640 MVA power station that is to be built 10km from an existing 4428 MVA power station through the use of fixed mH size air-core reactors. The main component of the solution involves dividing each 6-pack power station into two 3-pack stations by the use of series busbar reactors and also linking the two neighbouring power stations through a series reactor. The paper explains the impact these reactors have on synchronizing power flows and shows that optimal values for these reactors exist that maximize transient stability. The complete Transient Stability Scheme (TSS) has little negative impact on transmission and generation plant and increases the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) from 43ms to 88ms.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128561129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379957
P. Mohammadi, S. Mehraeen
This article presents a novel algorithm to find optimal sets of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems using measurement sensitivity analysis aiming for fault detection without multi-estimation. The algorithm generalizes the impedance method in fault detection through optimizing PMU utilization in order to detect a fault with desired precision in interconnected power systems. By deriving bus voltage and currents sensitivity indices to the fault location and impedance, possible deviations of the estimated fault location and/or impedance due to measurement noise, accuracy, precision limits, or simply the inability of a measurement point to sense a fault is evaluated. Therefore, the algorithm can solve Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) for desired fault detection precision based on these indices for various points of measurement observing faults in the system. Finally, avoiding multi-estimation guarantees the unique mapping between measurements of the selected PMU sets and faults throughout the system. The proposed algorithm is performed on the IEEE 7-bus and 14-bus benchmark systems and the fault location capability is evaluated through neural networks.
{"title":"PMU Optimal Placement using sensitivity analysis for power systems fault location","authors":"P. Mohammadi, S. Mehraeen","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379957","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel algorithm to find optimal sets of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems using measurement sensitivity analysis aiming for fault detection without multi-estimation. The algorithm generalizes the impedance method in fault detection through optimizing PMU utilization in order to detect a fault with desired precision in interconnected power systems. By deriving bus voltage and currents sensitivity indices to the fault location and impedance, possible deviations of the estimated fault location and/or impedance due to measurement noise, accuracy, precision limits, or simply the inability of a measurement point to sense a fault is evaluated. Therefore, the algorithm can solve Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) for desired fault detection precision based on these indices for various points of measurement observing faults in the system. Finally, avoiding multi-estimation guarantees the unique mapping between measurements of the selected PMU sets and faults throughout the system. The proposed algorithm is performed on the IEEE 7-bus and 14-bus benchmark systems and the fault location capability is evaluated through neural networks.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123846790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379968
C. Opathella, B. Singh, B. Venkatesh
With the rapid increase of wind penetration in power systems, researchers have looked at various consequences of wind integration. Short-circuit current contribution of wind generators is one of these concerns. Numerous studies have been carried out with different models of wind generators to plan and operate power systems accounting short-circuit current contributions of WGs. Fixed speed, semi variable speed and doubly fed WGs are modeled as voltage sources behind their short-circuit reactances. This representation is similar to the short-circuit model of conventional synchronous generators. Beside this conventional modeling approach, doubly fed and full converter connected WGs are also modeled as constant current sources. This approach captures the short-circuit response of fast reacting crowbars, choppers and converters. This paper provides a review and explanation of these models as well as their applications in power system planning and can serve as a reference for electrical utility planners who are accountable for correct applications of models.
{"title":"A review of short-circuit models of wind generators","authors":"C. Opathella, B. Singh, B. Venkatesh","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379968","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid increase of wind penetration in power systems, researchers have looked at various consequences of wind integration. Short-circuit current contribution of wind generators is one of these concerns. Numerous studies have been carried out with different models of wind generators to plan and operate power systems accounting short-circuit current contributions of WGs. Fixed speed, semi variable speed and doubly fed WGs are modeled as voltage sources behind their short-circuit reactances. This representation is similar to the short-circuit model of conventional synchronous generators. Beside this conventional modeling approach, doubly fed and full converter connected WGs are also modeled as constant current sources. This approach captures the short-circuit response of fast reacting crowbars, choppers and converters. This paper provides a review and explanation of these models as well as their applications in power system planning and can serve as a reference for electrical utility planners who are accountable for correct applications of models.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126180002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379956
Riyasat Azim, F. Li, Xiayang Zhao
This paper proposes a new hybrid islanding detection method for grid-connected inverter based distributed generation units. The proposed method combines passive and active islanding detection techniques to aggregate their individual advantages and reduce or eliminate their drawbacks. The passive method is based on extraction of critical system parameters from local voltage measurements at target DG location and application of decision tree based classifiers for extraction of decision rules in order to detect islanding events. The active method is based on Sandia Frequency Shift technique and is initiated only when the passive method is unable to properly classify between islanding and other transient generating events, thus minimizing the power quality degradation introduced in the system. A detailed case study on a grid-connected PV system is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. Test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detection of islanding events in grid-connected distributed generations.
{"title":"A hybrid islanding detection technique for inverter based distributed generations","authors":"Riyasat Azim, F. Li, Xiayang Zhao","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379956","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new hybrid islanding detection method for grid-connected inverter based distributed generation units. The proposed method combines passive and active islanding detection techniques to aggregate their individual advantages and reduce or eliminate their drawbacks. The passive method is based on extraction of critical system parameters from local voltage measurements at target DG location and application of decision tree based classifiers for extraction of decision rules in order to detect islanding events. The active method is based on Sandia Frequency Shift technique and is initiated only when the passive method is unable to properly classify between islanding and other transient generating events, thus minimizing the power quality degradation introduced in the system. A detailed case study on a grid-connected PV system is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. Test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detection of islanding events in grid-connected distributed generations.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"542 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120860889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379918
M. Dang, N. Al-Mutawaly, Peter Sztur, Mark Coenen
Designing and constructing wind farms free of harmonics remain an ongoing challenge for the power industry. To ensure system stability and asset longevity, locally generated harmonics should be regularly monitored, evaluated and filtered when exceeding industry standard limits. This paper investigates harmonic impacts on wind farms under various operating conditions. MATLAB simulation was conducted to model and evaluate the system for different frequencies. As a comparison, real data was collected from various grid points (substation, wind farm, capacitor and load). Harmonic currents and voltages of incoming and outgoing feeders were measured up to the 49th harmonic. Current and voltage waveforms were transformed from time domain to frequency domain, with the objective to identify resonance circuits resulting from the addition of capacitor banks and variable speed drives. Future research opportunities and recommendations to limit/minimize harmonics are advanced.
{"title":"Wind farm integration in a harmonic environment","authors":"M. Dang, N. Al-Mutawaly, Peter Sztur, Mark Coenen","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379918","url":null,"abstract":"Designing and constructing wind farms free of harmonics remain an ongoing challenge for the power industry. To ensure system stability and asset longevity, locally generated harmonics should be regularly monitored, evaluated and filtered when exceeding industry standard limits. This paper investigates harmonic impacts on wind farms under various operating conditions. MATLAB simulation was conducted to model and evaluate the system for different frequencies. As a comparison, real data was collected from various grid points (substation, wind farm, capacitor and load). Harmonic currents and voltages of incoming and outgoing feeders were measured up to the 49th harmonic. Current and voltage waveforms were transformed from time domain to frequency domain, with the objective to identify resonance circuits resulting from the addition of capacitor banks and variable speed drives. Future research opportunities and recommendations to limit/minimize harmonics are advanced.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122881856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379940
Gouri Barai, S. Krishnan, B. Venkatesh
Reducing the power supply-demand gap and increasing reliability of power supply are the challenges of current energy management. Implementation of smart grid, smart meters and smart metering can be a possible solution for power demand reduction, efficient power supply management, and optimization of management resource usages. Smart meters include sophisticated measurement and calculation hardware, software, calibration and communication capabilities. For interoperability within a smart grid infrastructure, smart meters are designed to perform functions, and store and communicate data according to certain standards. In this work we discuss smart meter and various elements of smart metering, current state of the technologies related to smart grid, smart meter, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and meter data flow in smart grid. We also discuss standards related to smart meter, meter data format and data transmission, functions of smart meter, and functionalities of smart meters, currently deployed by utilities around the world.
{"title":"Smart metering and functionalities of smart meters in smart grid - a review","authors":"Gouri Barai, S. Krishnan, B. Venkatesh","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379940","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the power supply-demand gap and increasing reliability of power supply are the challenges of current energy management. Implementation of smart grid, smart meters and smart metering can be a possible solution for power demand reduction, efficient power supply management, and optimization of management resource usages. Smart meters include sophisticated measurement and calculation hardware, software, calibration and communication capabilities. For interoperability within a smart grid infrastructure, smart meters are designed to perform functions, and store and communicate data according to certain standards. In this work we discuss smart meter and various elements of smart metering, current state of the technologies related to smart grid, smart meter, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and meter data flow in smart grid. We also discuss standards related to smart meter, meter data format and data transmission, functions of smart meter, and functionalities of smart meters, currently deployed by utilities around the world.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128455966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379994
F. A. Qayyum, M. Naeem, A. Khwaja, A. Anpalagan
In this paper, we propose a solution to the problem of scheduling of smart appliances operations in a given time range. We adopt a photovoltaic (PV) panel as a power producing appliance that acts as micro-grid. Appliance operation is modeled in terms of un-interruptible sequence phases, given in load demand profile. An optimization algorithm, which can provide a schedule for smart home appliances usage is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the utility of our proposed solution for appliance scheduling. We further show that adding a PV panel in the home results in reduction of electricity bill and export of energy to the national grid.
{"title":"Appliance scheduling optimization in smart home networks comprising of smart appliances and a photovoltaic panel","authors":"F. A. Qayyum, M. Naeem, A. Khwaja, A. Anpalagan","doi":"10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2015.7379994","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a solution to the problem of scheduling of smart appliances operations in a given time range. We adopt a photovoltaic (PV) panel as a power producing appliance that acts as micro-grid. Appliance operation is modeled in terms of un-interruptible sequence phases, given in load demand profile. An optimization algorithm, which can provide a schedule for smart home appliances usage is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the utility of our proposed solution for appliance scheduling. We further show that adding a PV panel in the home results in reduction of electricity bill and export of energy to the national grid.","PeriodicalId":231255,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114008417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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