M. Rantala, Maria Lindholm, Sari Tappura, J. Kivistö-Rahnasto
Risk assessment is a key tool in occupational safety work at workplaces. A systematic risk assessment can be used to meet the statutory obligation to determine and assess the hazard and risk factors for the safety and health of employees in companies of all sizes. Furthermore, by developing risk assessments, workplaces can reduce accidents and improve the safety and healthiness of working conditions. Since a lot of time and resources are used for risk assessment at workplaces, the assessment should be efficient and successful. With risk assessment, companies can simultaneously improve job productivity and competitiveness and support the preservation of workers' ability to work. Previous studies have suggested that risk assessment development needs include, for example, the development of resourcing and improvement of communication, competence and knowledge. This study aims to produce knowledge of Finnish workplaces' risk assessment development needs related to safety and health at work in order to better meet the company's own needs. The material was acquired with a new questionnaire that aids organizations in finding out personnel's perceptions of the practices and development needs of occupational safety risk assessment. Based on the responses, development targets can be identified, and risk assessment skills in different parts of an organization can be compared. The questionnaire can be used to determine, for example, whether the objectives of risk assessment have been understood within an organization. The questionnaire includes both closed and open-ended questions. The open-ended questions clarify previous selections and for example, suggest ways to arrange training to an organization. The questionnaire was part of a larger project, and the questions were based on previous phases of the project. Four companies piloted the questionnaire. After receiving feedback, a few modifications were made. The process and methods of creating the questionnaire will be described in more detail in the article. The final questionnaire was sent to three organizations. The first is a part of a public organization, the second is a private company in the transport sector, and the third organization provides maintenance services for industrial companies. The companies' contact persons forwarded the link to the questionnaire respondents, and 348 responses were received. The results were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The revealed development needs generally concerned, among others, the planning of risk assessment, which includes for instance risk assessment goals and frameworks planned by the organizations. Regarding the definition of measures, the determination of risk assessment and management was raised. In addition, communication about the progress of the determined measures, going through the risk assessment with the employees, giving feedback to those conducting the assessment, and clearly documenting t
{"title":"Identifying occupational health and safety risk assessment development\u0000 needs in Finnish case companies","authors":"M. Rantala, Maria Lindholm, Sari Tappura, J. Kivistö-Rahnasto","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004141","url":null,"abstract":"Risk assessment is a key tool in occupational safety work at workplaces.\u0000 A systematic risk assessment can be used to meet the statutory obligation to\u0000 determine and assess the hazard and risk factors for the safety and health\u0000 of employees in companies of all sizes. Furthermore, by developing risk\u0000 assessments, workplaces can reduce accidents and improve the safety and\u0000 healthiness of working conditions. Since a lot of time and resources are\u0000 used for risk assessment at workplaces, the assessment should be efficient\u0000 and successful. With risk assessment, companies can simultaneously improve\u0000 job productivity and competitiveness and support the preservation of\u0000 workers' ability to work. Previous studies have suggested that risk\u0000 assessment development needs include, for example, the development of\u0000 resourcing and improvement of communication, competence and knowledge. This\u0000 study aims to produce knowledge of Finnish workplaces' risk assessment\u0000 development needs related to safety and health at work in order to better\u0000 meet the company's own needs. The material was acquired with a new\u0000 questionnaire that aids organizations in finding out personnel's perceptions\u0000 of the practices and development needs of occupational safety risk\u0000 assessment. Based on the responses, development targets can be identified,\u0000 and risk assessment skills in different parts of an organization can be\u0000 compared. The questionnaire can be used to determine, for example, whether\u0000 the objectives of risk assessment have been understood within an\u0000 organization. The questionnaire includes both closed and open-ended\u0000 questions. The open-ended questions clarify previous selections and for\u0000 example, suggest ways to arrange training to an organization. The\u0000 questionnaire was part of a larger project, and the questions were based on\u0000 previous phases of the project. Four companies piloted the questionnaire.\u0000 After receiving feedback, a few modifications were made. The process and\u0000 methods of creating the questionnaire will be described in more detail in\u0000 the article. The final questionnaire was sent to three organizations. The\u0000 first is a part of a public organization, the second is a private company in\u0000 the transport sector, and the third organization provides maintenance\u0000 services for industrial companies. The companies' contact persons forwarded\u0000 the link to the questionnaire respondents, and 348 responses were received.\u0000 The results were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The\u0000 revealed development needs generally concerned, among others, the planning\u0000 of risk assessment, which includes for instance risk assessment goals and\u0000 frameworks planned by the organizations. Regarding the definition of\u0000 measures, the determination of risk assessment and management was raised. In\u0000 addition, communication about the progress of the determined measures, going\u0000 through the risk assessment with the employees, giving feedback to those\u0000 conducting the assessment, and clearly documenting t","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129862077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ensuring that a person's health is protected at work, it is important to monitor the parameters that affect his or her body. Important parameters for occupational health protection are the position and movement of the employee during the performance of work. These have a direct influence on the likelihood of damage to the musculoskeletal system, so it is necessary to introduce appropriate protective measures. It is also necessary, for long-term monitoring of the impact, to establish the correct limits of movements and positions, based on the legislation in force. There are two standards in the territory of the Slovak Republic, Decree 542/2007 Coll. and STN EN 1005-4+A1, which do not coincide. Comparing to French standards, i.e. AFNOR and INRIS, implemented in measurement wireless multisensory system CAPTIV, the legislation in force does not conform, so the measurement evaluation is not clearly established. Therefore, we compared the values needed for workload assessment. Such assessment is useful for exoskeleton selection, as a possible alternative to a personal protective equipment, providing support for the body and preventing damage to it. To select the right exoskeleton, it is essential to evaluate the work process and the load that accompanies the particular work task.
为了确保工作人员的健康得到保护，必须监测影响其身体的参数。职业健康保护的重要参数是雇员在工作期间的位置和活动。这些对肌肉骨骼系统损伤的可能性有直接影响，因此有必要引入适当的保护措施。为了对影响进行长期监测，还必须根据现行立法确定正确的行动和位置限制。在斯洛伐克共和国境内有两个标准，第542/2007 Coll号法令。与STN EN 1005-4+A1不一致。与法国在测量无线多感官系统CAPTIV中实施的AFNOR和INRIS标准相比，现行立法不符合，因此测量评估没有明确建立。因此，我们比较了工作负载评估所需的值。这样的评估对于外骨骼的选择是有用的，作为一种可能的个人防护设备的替代品，为身体提供支持并防止对身体的伤害。为了选择合适的外骨骼，必须评估工作过程和伴随特定工作任务的负载。
{"title":"Contribution To Safety Standards and Their Relevance for Ergonomic Risk\u0000 Assessment In Slovakia","authors":"D. Onofrejová, H. Pačaiová","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004143","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring that a person's health is protected at work, it is important to\u0000 monitor the parameters that affect his or her body. Important parameters for\u0000 occupational health protection are the position and movement of the employee\u0000 during the performance of work. These have a direct influence on the\u0000 likelihood of damage to the musculoskeletal system, so it is necessary to\u0000 introduce appropriate protective measures. It is also necessary, for\u0000 long-term monitoring of the impact, to establish the correct limits of\u0000 movements and positions, based on the legislation in force. There are two\u0000 standards in the territory of the Slovak Republic, Decree 542/2007 Coll. and\u0000 STN EN 1005-4+A1, which do not coincide. Comparing to French standards, i.e.\u0000 AFNOR and INRIS, implemented in measurement wireless multisensory system\u0000 CAPTIV, the legislation in force does not conform, so the measurement\u0000 evaluation is not clearly established. Therefore, we compared the values\u0000 needed for workload assessment. Such assessment is useful for exoskeleton\u0000 selection, as a possible alternative to a personal protective equipment,\u0000 providing support for the body and preventing damage to it. To select the\u0000 right exoskeleton, it is essential to evaluate the work process and the load\u0000 that accompanies the particular work task.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126513977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently there are many types of wearable devices for unconventional sitting. The devices are named suggestively: wearable chairless chair. What all these products have in common is an additional support behind the heel. The additional support, a ground contact behind the heel, appears to add more stability and at the same time increases the complexity of the product, the weight and the difficulty of wearing it.The research assumes that there is no need for additional support nor ground contact. The working method consisted of analyzing products on the market. The analysis was followed by understanding the functioning and the biomechanical cause for the existence of the posterior support. The analysis was carried out by relating the human silhouette, its body volumes and geometry, to the shape and structure of the devices. We focused on the side view because it is the one that gives the asymmetric behavior of the body volumes. In the biomechanical analysis we kept the premises of locating the center of mass, of spatial summation of the partial centers of mass (the head, the trunk and the limbs) as well as the reference to the ground support polygon of the soles. Biomechanical and static analysis was followed by the identification and isolation of that component of body geometry responsible for the need of posterior support. The analysis was then repeated in its absence. It was necessary to correct the geometry of the body and change the degree of flexion of the knees and ankles. The verification of the hypothesis has been achieved by developing a device that corresponds to a body geometry, does not provide posterior support and at the same time eliminates orthostatic muscle stress. Tests were carried out with primitive mock-ups and prototypes, with briefly articulated parts that meet the condition of being wearable through permanent contact with the leg and the thigh. The results were encouraging from the point of view of stability but were unsatisfactory from the point of view of the comfort offered by the primitive prototypes. Refinement of the prototype was achieved by developing the design of the thigh and leg interface components as well as the design of the flexion locking subsystem. Of particular concern was the contact between the product and the surface of the thigh and calf. Refined in this way the prototype unquestionably preserved the stability of the human subject and presented an improvement in comfort criteria.In conclusion, the research confirms the hypothesis. The no ground contact prototype allows a posture in which orthostatic stress is avoided, with good stability and with enough containment to be wearable.
{"title":"Sit-standing posture and chairless chair. A prototype without ground\u0000 contact.","authors":"Maria Moga, Dan - Radu Moga","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004150","url":null,"abstract":"Currently there are many types of wearable devices for unconventional\u0000 sitting. The devices are named suggestively: wearable chairless chair. What\u0000 all these products have in common is an additional support behind the heel.\u0000 The additional support, a ground contact behind the heel, appears to add\u0000 more stability and at the same time increases the complexity of the product,\u0000 the weight and the difficulty of wearing it.The research assumes that there\u0000 is no need for additional support nor ground contact. The working method\u0000 consisted of analyzing products on the market. The analysis was followed by\u0000 understanding the functioning and the biomechanical cause for the existence\u0000 of the posterior support. The analysis was carried out by relating the human\u0000 silhouette, its body volumes and geometry, to the shape and structure of the\u0000 devices. We focused on the side view because it is the one that gives the\u0000 asymmetric behavior of the body volumes. In the biomechanical analysis we\u0000 kept the premises of locating the center of mass, of spatial summation of\u0000 the partial centers of mass (the head, the trunk and the limbs) as well as\u0000 the reference to the ground support polygon of the soles. Biomechanical and\u0000 static analysis was followed by the identification and isolation of that\u0000 component of body geometry responsible for the need of posterior support.\u0000 The analysis was then repeated in its absence. It was necessary to correct\u0000 the geometry of the body and change the degree of flexion of the knees and\u0000 ankles. The verification of the hypothesis has been achieved by developing a\u0000 device that corresponds to a body geometry, does not provide posterior\u0000 support and at the same time eliminates orthostatic muscle stress. Tests\u0000 were carried out with primitive mock-ups and prototypes, with briefly\u0000 articulated parts that meet the condition of being wearable through\u0000 permanent contact with the leg and the thigh. The results were encouraging\u0000 from the point of view of stability but were unsatisfactory from the point\u0000 of view of the comfort offered by the primitive prototypes. Refinement of\u0000 the prototype was achieved by developing the design of the thigh and leg\u0000 interface components as well as the design of the flexion locking subsystem.\u0000 Of particular concern was the contact between the product and the surface of\u0000 the thigh and calf. Refined in this way the prototype unquestionably\u0000 preserved the stability of the human subject and presented an improvement in\u0000 comfort criteria.In conclusion, the research confirms the hypothesis. The no\u0000 ground contact prototype allows a posture in which orthostatic stress is\u0000 avoided, with good stability and with enough containment to be wearable.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128190055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyuan Zhang, Z. Cheng, Sheung Ting Ramona Shiu, Jiacheng Liang, Cong Fang, Zhengtao Ma, Stephen Jia Wang
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have witnessed significant advancements, leading to the emergence of AI-aided systems that assist in artwork creation. However, the current AI-powered creation support tools predominantly focus on generating 2D images, with limited assistance for 3D object creation, particularly in the field of sculpture. Additionally, as the automation capabilities of machines continue to grow, artists often struggle to maintain control over the creative process. Therefore, the collaboration between artists and AI in sculpturing remains unclear, along with the allocation of responsibilities to ensure the artist's controllability over the sculpture creation process.This study aims to address these gaps by developing CoSculpt, an AI-powered human-robot collaboration sculpturing system with three distinct modes. We explore how humans and AI-embedded robots can interact, delegate tasks, and assume control during various stages of the sculpture creation workflow. By utilizing this system, artists can effectively collaborate with AI technology, leveraging its capabilities while maintaining a significant degree of control over the sculpture creation process.The findings from this study shed light on the potential of human-AI collaboration in sculpturing and provide insights into how artists can effectively navigate the intersection of art and technology. The proposed AI-powered human-robot collaboration system offers a new paradigm for sculptural creation, fostering a harmonious synergy between human creativity and the technical capabilities of AI. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the role of AI in the artistic domain and paves the way for future advancements in the field of sculpture.
{"title":"CoSculpt: An AI-Embedded Human-Robot Collaboration System for Sculptural\u0000 Creation","authors":"Mingyuan Zhang, Z. Cheng, Sheung Ting Ramona Shiu, Jiacheng Liang, Cong Fang, Zhengtao Ma, Stephen Jia Wang","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004115","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have witnessed\u0000 significant advancements, leading to the emergence of AI-aided systems that\u0000 assist in artwork creation. However, the current AI-powered creation support\u0000 tools predominantly focus on generating 2D images, with limited assistance\u0000 for 3D object creation, particularly in the field of sculpture.\u0000 Additionally, as the automation capabilities of machines continue to grow,\u0000 artists often struggle to maintain control over the creative process.\u0000 Therefore, the collaboration between artists and AI in sculpturing remains\u0000 unclear, along with the allocation of responsibilities to ensure the\u0000 artist's controllability over the sculpture creation process.This study aims\u0000 to address these gaps by developing CoSculpt, an AI-powered human-robot\u0000 collaboration sculpturing system with three distinct modes. We explore how\u0000 humans and AI-embedded robots can interact, delegate tasks, and assume\u0000 control during various stages of the sculpture creation workflow. By\u0000 utilizing this system, artists can effectively collaborate with AI\u0000 technology, leveraging its capabilities while maintaining a significant\u0000 degree of control over the sculpture creation process.The findings from this\u0000 study shed light on the potential of human-AI collaboration in sculpturing\u0000 and provide insights into how artists can effectively navigate the\u0000 intersection of art and technology. The proposed AI-powered human-robot\u0000 collaboration system offers a new paradigm for sculptural creation,\u0000 fostering a harmonious synergy between human creativity and the technical\u0000 capabilities of AI. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing\u0000 dialogue on the role of AI in the artistic domain and paves the way for\u0000 future advancements in the field of sculpture.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130189228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vítor Fernando Plácido Da Conceição, R. Marques, Pedro B. Água, J. Dahlman
Maritime navigation is a demanding and complex domain that involves risks for people, the environment, and economic activity. The tasks associated with its execution require advanced training, expertise, experience, and a collaborative Navigation Team. Furthermore, naval operations demand higher readiness, accuracy, and resilience due to additional constraints. The response to these challenges has been integrating further automation and information systems. However, the effectiveness of innovative trends had been questioned by recent naval accidents like those involving the US and Norwegian naval ships.In bridge crews, collaboration is progressively more dependent on technological means since they are the information sources, and team members need to share and exchange different information formats besides audio. Furthermore, the increasing number of control functions and information systems required to strengthen the bridge situational awareness came with an additional cost to human operators. Therefore, navigation teams need further assistance in this challenging context to achieve a consistent and coherent situational awareness regarding the integrated systems in use, comprising technological and human agents' activities. The proposed solution under development is a Collaborative Decision Support System (C-DSS) fitted to the vessels' bridge systems requirements to reduce the cognitive workload, enhance collaboration between team members and information systems, and strengthen team situational awareness and sensemaking.Several studies addressed the need to provide enhanced interfaces with higher levels of abstraction representation, adjusted to the changed role of human operators, easily adaptable; improved collaboration between humans and automated agents, and superior information integration from internal and external environments. The most critical property of interfaces is to simplify the "discovery of the meaningfulness" of the problem space. World's representation should include the relevant and critical elements tailored to the task, augmenting the interaction experience, increasing the decision-making skill, and assisting the discovery of significant phenomena. The used methodology was an anthropocentric approach to innovation - design thinking. The process was performed with five phases: empathy, definition, idealization, prototyping and tests. Interface design prototypes were made with Mockups, covering the following several team roles. Usability tests, questionnaires and interviews were applied to validate and assess the C-DSS. Five focus group tests were made iteratively, with fifteen SMEs, twice with navigators, and once with SMEs from the other role, three in each iterative evaluation test, with a 1.5-hour duration. Following a snowball selection principle, participants were recruited from the Portuguese navy with the organization's guidance to ensure that all participants had an extensive s
{"title":"Ecological Collaborative Support System for maritime navigation teams","authors":"Vítor Fernando Plácido Da Conceição, R. Marques, Pedro B. Água, J. Dahlman","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004124","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime navigation is a demanding and complex domain that involves\u0000 risks for people, the environment, and economic activity. The tasks\u0000 associated with its execution require advanced training, expertise,\u0000 experience, and a collaborative Navigation Team. Furthermore, naval\u0000 operations demand higher readiness, accuracy, and resilience due to\u0000 additional constraints. The response to these challenges has been\u0000 integrating further automation and information systems. However, the\u0000 effectiveness of innovative trends had been questioned by recent naval\u0000 accidents like those involving the US and Norwegian naval ships.In bridge\u0000 crews, collaboration is progressively more dependent on technological means\u0000 since they are the information sources, and team members need to share and\u0000 exchange different information formats besides audio. Furthermore, the\u0000 increasing number of control functions and information systems required to\u0000 strengthen the bridge situational awareness came with an additional cost to\u0000 human operators. Therefore, navigation teams need further assistance in this\u0000 challenging context to achieve a consistent and coherent situational\u0000 awareness regarding the integrated systems in use, comprising technological\u0000 and human agents' activities. The proposed solution under development is a\u0000 Collaborative Decision Support System (C-DSS) fitted to the vessels' bridge\u0000 systems requirements to reduce the cognitive workload, enhance collaboration\u0000 between team members and information systems, and strengthen team\u0000 situational awareness and sensemaking.Several studies addressed the need to\u0000 provide enhanced interfaces with higher levels of abstraction\u0000 representation, adjusted to the changed role of human operators, easily\u0000 adaptable; improved collaboration between humans and automated agents, and\u0000 superior information integration from internal and external environments.\u0000 The most critical property of interfaces is to simplify the \"discovery of\u0000 the meaningfulness\" of the problem space. World's representation should\u0000 include the relevant and critical elements tailored to the task, augmenting\u0000 the interaction experience, increasing the decision-making skill, and\u0000 assisting the discovery of significant phenomena. The used methodology was\u0000 an anthropocentric approach to innovation - design thinking. The process was\u0000 performed with five phases: empathy, definition, idealization, prototyping\u0000 and tests. Interface design prototypes were made with Mockups, covering the\u0000 following several team roles. Usability tests, questionnaires and interviews\u0000 were applied to validate and assess the C-DSS. Five focus group tests were\u0000 made iteratively, with fifteen SMEs, twice with navigators, and once with\u0000 SMEs from the other role, three in each iterative evaluation test, with a\u0000 1.5-hour duration. Following a snowball selection principle, participants\u0000 were recruited from the Portuguese navy with the organization's guidance to\u0000 ensure that all participants had an extensive s","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131014390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna Oliverio, Daniele Fiesoli, Simona Bellavia, R. De Luca
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) represents an area of big interest in healthcare. In this context, 'reprocessing' means a cleaning, disinfection or sterilisation process carried out on a used device in order to allow its safe reuse. A typical IPC responsibility assignments matrix includes healthcare facilities, manufacturers of reprocessing agents and equipment, and manufacturers of medical devices. This project aims to analyze and validate the Instructions for Use (IFUs) for reprocessing of ultrasound (US) probes, from the point of view of the usability, in accordance with IEC 62366-1:2015+AMD1:2020 and IEC TR 62366-2:2016.US probes enable a wide range of applications, with the level of infection risk based on the Spaulding Classification, going from noncritical and semi-critical (intact skin and mucous membrane contacts respectively), to critical (intraoperative). In addition to the diverse clinical procedures, the risk of contamination depends also on the variability in the healthcare environment and user knowledge and expertise.Safe reprocessing of an US probe requires that its IFUs, considered as part of the user interface, are clear, legible, and complete. For this reason, to ensure their correct execution and workflow, a usability testing for the reprocessing IFUs is performed. According to the IEC 62366 standards, such test consists of two steps: formative and summative evaluations. The overall aim of the first step is to explore if the instructions are recognizable, understandable and operable by the user and to identify worst-case scenarios and critical tasks which will be further investigated during the second step by a user group, including lay and professional users with different profiles and needs. For the purpose of this project, the usability testing has confirmed a powerful tool to verify that our reprocessing IFUs for aUS probe can be easily and effectively used. The preliminary analysis and the following interviews of diverse users operating in different environments, have provided evidence that such IFUs enable the user to perform a proper and reliable reprocessing for a safe reuse of the probe.
{"title":"Usability testing of instructions for use in cleaning, disinfection and\u0000 sterilization of ultrasound probes","authors":"Marianna Oliverio, Daniele Fiesoli, Simona Bellavia, R. De Luca","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004149","url":null,"abstract":"Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) represents an area of big\u0000 interest in healthcare. In this context, 'reprocessing' means a cleaning,\u0000 disinfection or sterilisation process carried out on a used device in order\u0000 to allow its safe reuse. A typical IPC responsibility assignments matrix\u0000 includes healthcare facilities, manufacturers of reprocessing agents and\u0000 equipment, and manufacturers of medical devices. This project aims to\u0000 analyze and validate the Instructions for Use (IFUs) for reprocessing of\u0000 ultrasound (US) probes, from the point of view of the usability, in\u0000 accordance with IEC 62366-1:2015+AMD1:2020 and IEC TR 62366-2:2016.US probes\u0000 enable a wide range of applications, with the level of infection risk based\u0000 on the Spaulding Classification, going from noncritical and semi-critical\u0000 (intact skin and mucous membrane contacts respectively), to critical\u0000 (intraoperative). In addition to the diverse clinical procedures, the risk\u0000 of contamination depends also on the variability in the healthcare\u0000 environment and user knowledge and expertise.Safe reprocessing of an US\u0000 probe requires that its IFUs, considered as part of the user interface, are\u0000 clear, legible, and complete. For this reason, to ensure their correct\u0000 execution and workflow, a usability testing for the reprocessing IFUs is\u0000 performed. According to the IEC 62366 standards, such test consists of two\u0000 steps: formative and summative evaluations. The overall aim of the first\u0000 step is to explore if the instructions are recognizable, understandable and\u0000 operable by the user and to identify worst-case scenarios and critical tasks\u0000 which will be further investigated during the second step by a user group,\u0000 including lay and professional users with different profiles and needs. For\u0000 the purpose of this project, the usability testing has confirmed a powerful\u0000 tool to verify that our reprocessing IFUs for aUS probe can be easily and\u0000 effectively used. The preliminary analysis and the following interviews of\u0000 diverse users operating in different environments, have provided evidence\u0000 that such IFUs enable the user to perform a proper and reliable reprocessing\u0000 for a safe reuse of the probe.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"79 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131320093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design is, undoubtedly, a creative process. To solve several design problems, designers need tools with specific qualities. Can sketches still be beneficial during design creative process?The relationship between freehand drawing and designers is very old, as the designers use this medium as a way of giving space to creative thinking.Sketching is often used as a tool during idea generation in the early stages of design process. It is in this initial phase of project conception in design where sketches are more frequently used.With the advent of digital drawing tools, most designers, from several design areas, still prefer to sketch with a pen, or a pencil on a paper during the ideas generation.However, and for several users, sketches may seem obsolete representations, totally unable to compete with the modern and sophisticated modeling tools.Nowadays, the use of digital rendering has grown, as the advancement of hardware and software that provide the use of the technique via computer is notorious.With the evolution of technology, the end of manual drawing has long been one of the most discussed issues.There are, however, questions for its future: should technological means completely replace the old method in the name of speed, practicality and immediate results?This paper reflects on sketching as the conception and representation or presentation of an idea, essential to human-centered design practice.We intend to investigate how sketches can still be powerful representations of new ideas, as part of a larger design process, as a key method for thinking, reasoning, and exploring solutions for design problems.
{"title":"In a Digital/Artificial Intelligence time can sketches still be useful\u0000 for Design Process?","authors":"Ana Moreira da Silva","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004126","url":null,"abstract":"Design is, undoubtedly, a creative process. To solve several design\u0000 problems, designers need tools with specific qualities. Can sketches still\u0000 be beneficial during design creative process?The relationship between\u0000 freehand drawing and designers is very old, as the designers use this medium\u0000 as a way of giving space to creative thinking.Sketching is often used as a\u0000 tool during idea generation in the early stages of design process. It is in\u0000 this initial phase of project conception in design where sketches are more\u0000 frequently used.With the advent of digital drawing tools, most designers,\u0000 from several design areas, still prefer to sketch with a pen, or a pencil on\u0000 a paper during the ideas generation.However, and for several users, sketches\u0000 may seem obsolete representations, totally unable to compete with the modern\u0000 and sophisticated modeling tools.Nowadays, the use of digital rendering has\u0000 grown, as the advancement of hardware and software that provide the use of\u0000 the technique via computer is notorious.With the evolution of technology,\u0000 the end of manual drawing has long been one of the most discussed\u0000 issues.There are, however, questions for its future: should technological\u0000 means completely replace the old method in the name of speed, practicality\u0000 and immediate results?This paper reflects on sketching as the conception and\u0000 representation or presentation of an idea, essential to human-centered\u0000 design practice.We intend to investigate how sketches can still be powerful\u0000 representations of new ideas, as part of a larger design process, as a key\u0000 method for thinking, reasoning, and exploring solutions for design problems.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Yukihira, H. Tokunaga, Masayuki Ihara, Hiroki Murakami, Akihiko Koga, Ryoichi Maeda, Shinpei Saruwatari, Kazuki Takeshita, Shinya Hisano, M. Motoe
In a nursing care domain, labor shortage is a significant problem. Information communication technologies (ICT) are expected as a tool to solve it. Care services, that value “personhood” of individuals, should be designed based on a person-centered principle[1]. We aim to develop an online rehabilitation exercise service that utilizes the ICT but is based on the principle. This paper reports a trial of intervention experiment of the online rehabilitation exercise, which was conducted as a 12-time event for three months. A subject, a female in 78 years old with left hemiplegia who desires more rehabilitation opportunities, joined about 45-minute online exercise sessions in addition to regular outpatient rehabilitations. She exercised by watching a model exercise on a tablet screen that is connected to the nursing facility. The model exercises were performed by an occupational therapist for the first four times and by on-site care workers for the rest. A manual with notes on exercise instruction was distributed to the workers. The instructor change and the manual are for the future regular operation of the service. The exercises were designed for not only the recovery of her arm and fingers on the affected side but also her rehabilitation goal of being able to cook again since a goal setting is important[2]. For risk management, the exercises were limited to those performed in a sitting position and her burden was confirmed before, during, and after the exercise. The exercise design was tentatively determined based on information from a manager of the nursing facility and from an interview with her. After that, the exercise load was adjusted according to her response in trial sessions by the occupational therapist. As a result of physical function measurements, questionnaires, and interviews, there was no improvement in physical functions, but an effect of her self-disclosure was confirmed.[1] Kitwood, T. and Bredin, K. (1992) Towards a theory of dementia care: Personhood and well-being, Ageing and Society, Vol.12, No.3, pp.269-287.[2] Smit EB, Bouwstra H, Hertogh CM, Wattel EM, van der Wouden JC. (2019) Goal-setting in geriatric rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Rehabil., Vol.33, No.3, pp.395-407.
在护理领域，劳动力短缺是一个重大问题。信息通信技术(ICT)有望成为解决这一问题的工具。护理服务重视个体的“人格”，应以人为本的原则进行设计[1]。我们的目标是发展一项利用资讯及通讯科技的网上康复训练服务，但以上述原则为基础。本文报道了一项网络康复训练干预实验的试验，以12次事件的形式进行，为期3个月。一名78岁的女性左偏瘫患者希望有更多的康复机会，除了定期的门诊康复外，她还参加了大约45分钟的在线锻炼课程。她通过在与护理设施相连的平板电脑屏幕上观看模特锻炼来锻炼身体。模型练习前四次由职业治疗师进行，其余的由现场护理人员进行。给工人们分发了一本附有运动指导说明的手册。更换指导员和使用手册是为了以后服务的正常运行。这些练习不仅是为了恢复她患侧的手臂和手指，也是为了实现她能够再次烹饪的康复目标，因为目标设定很重要[2]。在风险管理方面，练习仅限于以坐姿进行，并在练习之前、期间和之后确认患者的负担。根据护理机构经理的信息和对她的采访，初步确定了练习设计。之后，职业治疗师根据她在试验阶段的反应调整运动负荷。身体功能测量、问卷调查和访谈的结果表明，身体功能没有改善，但她的自我披露的效果得到了证实。[1]Kitwood, T.和Bredin, K.(1992)迈向痴呆症护理理论:人格与幸福，老龄化与社会，Vol.12, No.3, pp.269-287.[2]Smit EB, Bouwstra H, Hertogh CM, Wattel EM, van der woden JC。(2019)老年康复目标设定:系统回顾与荟萃分析，临床康复杂志。， Vol.33 No.3, pp.395-407。
{"title":"Toward an online rehabilitation exercise service based on personal\u0000 independent living goals and risk management","authors":"Takashi Yukihira, H. Tokunaga, Masayuki Ihara, Hiroki Murakami, Akihiko Koga, Ryoichi Maeda, Shinpei Saruwatari, Kazuki Takeshita, Shinya Hisano, M. Motoe","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004129","url":null,"abstract":"In a nursing care domain, labor shortage is a significant problem.\u0000 Information communication technologies (ICT) are expected as a tool to solve\u0000 it. Care services, that value “personhood” of individuals, should be\u0000 designed based on a person-centered principle[1]. We aim to develop an\u0000 online rehabilitation exercise service that utilizes the ICT but is based on\u0000 the principle. This paper reports a trial of intervention experiment of the\u0000 online rehabilitation exercise, which was conducted as a 12-time event for\u0000 three months. A subject, a female in 78 years old with left hemiplegia who\u0000 desires more rehabilitation opportunities, joined about 45-minute online\u0000 exercise sessions in addition to regular outpatient rehabilitations. She\u0000 exercised by watching a model exercise on a tablet screen that is connected\u0000 to the nursing facility. The model exercises were performed by an\u0000 occupational therapist for the first four times and by on-site care workers\u0000 for the rest. A manual with notes on exercise instruction was distributed to\u0000 the workers. The instructor change and the manual are for the future regular\u0000 operation of the service. The exercises were designed for not only the\u0000 recovery of her arm and fingers on the affected side but also her\u0000 rehabilitation goal of being able to cook again since a goal setting is\u0000 important[2]. For risk management, the exercises were limited to those\u0000 performed in a sitting position and her burden was confirmed before, during,\u0000 and after the exercise. The exercise design was tentatively determined based\u0000 on information from a manager of the nursing facility and from an interview\u0000 with her. After that, the exercise load was adjusted according to her\u0000 response in trial sessions by the occupational therapist. As a result of\u0000 physical function measurements, questionnaires, and interviews, there was no\u0000 improvement in physical functions, but an effect of her self-disclosure was\u0000 confirmed.[1] Kitwood, T. and Bredin, K. (1992) Towards a theory of dementia\u0000 care: Personhood and well-being, Ageing and Society, Vol.12, No.3,\u0000 pp.269-287.[2] Smit EB, Bouwstra H, Hertogh CM, Wattel EM, van der Wouden\u0000 JC. (2019) Goal-setting in geriatric rehabilitation: a systematic review and\u0000 meta-analysis, Clin Rehabil., Vol.33, No.3, pp.395-407.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123716500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to create a method for transforming a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class model into an open-source end-user database. The manual transformation of UML class models into a database can be time-consuming and prone to errors. By making a database schema from a UML class model in standard XMI format, our framework offers an automated alternative and makes the transformation more useful. The tool gets the tables, attributes, and connections that compose the schema from the class model's classes, properties, and relationships. The tool also has an abstract RESTful web service component to give the newly made database a web interface. Such a tool will make it easier for software engineers with less experience, especially students, to learn and use UML class models. We implemented the framework for a Baserow end-user database and evaluated it on a student internship use case. The accompanying code is available as an open-source GitHub repository.
{"title":"Modeling low-code databases with executable UML","authors":"Alan Bubalo, Nikola Tanković","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004156","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to create a method for transforming a Unified Modeling\u0000 Language (UML) class model into an open-source end-user database. The manual\u0000 transformation of UML class models into a database can be time-consuming and\u0000 prone to errors. By making a database schema from a UML class model in\u0000 standard XMI format, our framework offers an automated alternative and makes\u0000 the transformation more useful. The tool gets the tables, attributes, and\u0000 connections that compose the schema from the class model's classes,\u0000 properties, and relationships. The tool also has an abstract RESTful web\u0000 service component to give the newly made database a web interface. Such a\u0000 tool will make it easier for software engineers with less experience,\u0000 especially students, to learn and use UML class models. We implemented the\u0000 framework for a Baserow end-user database and evaluated it on a student\u0000 internship use case. The accompanying code is available as an open-source\u0000 GitHub repository.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122671590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) is a scientific discipline that aims to understand interactions among humans and other elements of a system where an individual performs his/her work tasks with different materials, tools and technologies in a certain work environment in given time. HF/E applies theory, principles, data and methods in design to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. International Ergonomics Association (IEA) has defined HF/E specialists core competencies as foundation knowledge, HF/E measurement and analysis skills, HF/E evaluation skills, HF/E recommendation skills, HF/E implementation skills, scientific skills, and professional behavior. In addition, Centre for Registration of European Ergonomists (CREE) has defined European Ergonomists as professionals who are experienced in using knowledge from the areas of anatomy, physiology, psychology, social organization and the physical environment to design work systems, structures and activities to optimize human performance and well-being. However, in public discussion and in generic understanding, it is not clear what HF/E or ergonomics means nor who are HF/E specialists or ergonomists, what do they do and where do they work.This study aims to contribute to the above presented discussion. A questionnaire was conducted to collect internationally HF/E experts' (n = 8) opinions on proactive designing of work and work environments. Beside the questionnaire, to gain the same understanding nationally, qualitative interviews for Finnish professionals (n = 9) were conducted with a semi-structured interview form. The questions in both phases were based on a handbook, “People in designing work and the working environment - a handbook for the proactive planning of work and design of working environments” (later “handbook”), commissioned by the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The handbook aimed to offer tools for proactive planning of work and designing working environments. In this study, related to the questionnaire, the focus is on the questions “What is your image about who are doing the planning of work and design of work environment at workplaces?”, “Who are responsible for taking care that all needed actions for planning and designing the work will be done?”, “Who are responsible for the whole process (designing of work)?”, “Who are responsible for the needed knowledge (designing of work)?”, and “How would you define the role and tasks of a HFE professional in this kind of process (designing of work)?”. Related to interviews, the focus is on the generic views and comments about the design process and the roles in it, inspired by the discussion about the handbook. The materials were analyzed by categorization.In the interviews, the overall opinion was that there is no clear picture of who actually is an HF/E specialist, how it is defined and who are they specifically in Finland, which may lead to false impressions.
{"title":"Is there a clear understanding of using human factors and ergonomics at\u0000 work?","authors":"Maria Lindholm, Elina Parviainen","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004164","url":null,"abstract":"Human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) is a scientific discipline that aims\u0000 to understand interactions among humans and other elements of a system where\u0000 an individual performs his/her work tasks with different materials, tools\u0000 and technologies in a certain work environment in given time. HF/E applies\u0000 theory, principles, data and methods in design to optimize human well-being\u0000 and overall system performance. International Ergonomics Association (IEA)\u0000 has defined HF/E specialists core competencies as foundation knowledge, HF/E\u0000 measurement and analysis skills, HF/E evaluation skills, HF/E recommendation\u0000 skills, HF/E implementation skills, scientific skills, and professional\u0000 behavior. In addition, Centre for Registration of European Ergonomists\u0000 (CREE) has defined European Ergonomists as professionals who are experienced\u0000 in using knowledge from the areas of anatomy, physiology, psychology, social\u0000 organization and the physical environment to design work systems, structures\u0000 and activities to optimize human performance and well-being. However, in\u0000 public discussion and in generic understanding, it is not clear what HF/E or\u0000 ergonomics means nor who are HF/E specialists or ergonomists, what do they\u0000 do and where do they work.This study aims to contribute to the above\u0000 presented discussion. A questionnaire was conducted to collect\u0000 internationally HF/E experts' (n = 8) opinions on proactive designing of\u0000 work and work environments. Beside the questionnaire, to gain the same\u0000 understanding nationally, qualitative interviews for Finnish professionals\u0000 (n = 9) were conducted with a semi-structured interview form. The questions\u0000 in both phases were based on a handbook, “People in designing work and the\u0000 working environment - a handbook for the proactive planning of work and\u0000 design of working environments” (later “handbook”), commissioned by the\u0000 Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The handbook aimed to offer\u0000 tools for proactive planning of work and designing working environments. In\u0000 this study, related to the questionnaire, the focus is on the questions\u0000 “What is your image about who are doing the planning of work and design of\u0000 work environment at workplaces?”, “Who are responsible for taking care that\u0000 all needed actions for planning and designing the work will be done?”, “Who\u0000 are responsible for the whole process (designing of work)?”, “Who are\u0000 responsible for the needed knowledge (designing of work)?”, and “How would\u0000 you define the role and tasks of a HFE professional in this kind of process\u0000 (designing of work)?”. Related to interviews, the focus is on the generic\u0000 views and comments about the design process and the roles in it, inspired by\u0000 the discussion about the handbook. The materials were analyzed by\u0000 categorization.In the interviews, the overall opinion was that there is no\u0000 clear picture of who actually is an HF/E specialist, how it is defined and\u0000 who are they specifically in Finland, which may lead to false impressions.","PeriodicalId":231376,"journal":{"name":"Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125014710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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