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Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends and Applications最新文献

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Identifying occupational health and safety risk assessment development needs in Finnish case companies 确定芬兰案例公司的职业健康和安全风险评估发展需求
M. Rantala, Maria Lindholm, Sari Tappura, J. Kivistö-Rahnasto
Risk assessment is a key tool in occupational safety work at workplaces. A systematic risk assessment can be used to meet the statutory obligation to determine and assess the hazard and risk factors for the safety and health of employees in companies of all sizes. Furthermore, by developing risk assessments, workplaces can reduce accidents and improve the safety and healthiness of working conditions. Since a lot of time and resources are used for risk assessment at workplaces, the assessment should be efficient and successful. With risk assessment, companies can simultaneously improve job productivity and competitiveness and support the preservation of workers' ability to work. Previous studies have suggested that risk assessment development needs include, for example, the development of resourcing and improvement of communication, competence and knowledge. This study aims to produce knowledge of Finnish workplaces' risk assessment development needs related to safety and health at work in order to better meet the company's own needs. The material was acquired with a new questionnaire that aids organizations in finding out personnel's perceptions of the practices and development needs of occupational safety risk assessment. Based on the responses, development targets can be identified, and risk assessment skills in different parts of an organization can be compared. The questionnaire can be used to determine, for example, whether the objectives of risk assessment have been understood within an organization. The questionnaire includes both closed and open-ended questions. The open-ended questions clarify previous selections and for example, suggest ways to arrange training to an organization. The questionnaire was part of a larger project, and the questions were based on previous phases of the project. Four companies piloted the questionnaire. After receiving feedback, a few modifications were made. The process and methods of creating the questionnaire will be described in more detail in the article. The final questionnaire was sent to three organizations. The first is a part of a public organization, the second is a private company in the transport sector, and the third organization provides maintenance services for industrial companies. The companies' contact persons forwarded the link to the questionnaire respondents, and 348 responses were received. The results were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The revealed development needs generally concerned, among others, the planning of risk assessment, which includes for instance risk assessment goals and frameworks planned by the organizations. Regarding the definition of measures, the determination of risk assessment and management was raised. In addition, communication about the progress of the determined measures, going through the risk assessment with the employees, giving feedback to those conducting the assessment, and clearly documenting t
风险评估是工作场所职业安全工作的重要工具。系统风险评估可用于履行法定义务,确定和评估各种规模的公司雇员的安全和健康的危害和风险因素。此外,通过开展风险评估,工作场所可以减少事故,改善工作条件的安全和健康。由于大量的时间和资源被用于工作场所的风险评估,因此评估应该是有效和成功的。通过风险评估,公司可以同时提高工作效率和竞争力,并支持保护工人的工作能力。以前的研究表明,风险评估的发展需要包括,例如,开发资源和改进沟通、能力和知识。这项研究的目的是产生芬兰工作场所的风险评估发展需要的知识,涉及工作中的安全和健康,以便更好地满足公司自身的需求。该材料是与一份新的问卷一起获得的,该问卷帮助各组织了解人员对职业安全风险评估的做法和发展需要的看法。基于响应,可以确定开发目标,并且可以比较组织不同部分的风险评估技能。问卷可以用来确定,例如,风险评估的目标是否在一个组织内被理解。问卷包括封闭式和开放式问题。开放式问题阐明了之前的选择,例如,建议安排组织培训的方法。问卷调查是一个更大项目的一部分,这些问题是基于项目的前几个阶段。四家公司试用了这份问卷。收到反馈后,做了一些修改。创建问卷的过程和方法将在文章中更详细地描述。最后的调查表已发给三个组织。第一个是公共组织的一部分,第二个是运输部门的私营公司,第三个组织为工业公司提供维修服务。这些公司的联系人将链接转发给问卷的受访者,收到了348份回复。结果进行了定量和定性分析。所揭示的开发需求通常涉及风险评估的规划,其中包括例如由组织计划的风险评估目标和框架。关于措施的定义,提出了风险评估和管理的确定。此外,关于确定的度量的进展的沟通,与员工一起进行风险评估,向进行评估的人员提供反馈,并清楚地记录结果,这些都是确定的开发需求。接下来,将为工作场所制定一个实用的模式,以开展其职业健康和安全风险评估。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution To Safety Standards and Their Relevance for Ergonomic Risk Assessment In Slovakia 对安全标准的贡献及其与斯洛伐克人体工程学风险评估的相关性
D. Onofrejová, H. Pačaiová
Ensuring that a person's health is protected at work, it is important to monitor the parameters that affect his or her body. Important parameters for occupational health protection are the position and movement of the employee during the performance of work. These have a direct influence on the likelihood of damage to the musculoskeletal system, so it is necessary to introduce appropriate protective measures. It is also necessary, for long-term monitoring of the impact, to establish the correct limits of movements and positions, based on the legislation in force. There are two standards in the territory of the Slovak Republic, Decree 542/2007 Coll. and STN EN 1005-4+A1, which do not coincide. Comparing to French standards, i.e. AFNOR and INRIS, implemented in measurement wireless multisensory system CAPTIV, the legislation in force does not conform, so the measurement evaluation is not clearly established. Therefore, we compared the values needed for workload assessment. Such assessment is useful for exoskeleton selection, as a possible alternative to a personal protective equipment, providing support for the body and preventing damage to it. To select the right exoskeleton, it is essential to evaluate the work process and the load that accompanies the particular work task.
为了确保工作人员的健康得到保护,必须监测影响其身体的参数。职业健康保护的重要参数是雇员在工作期间的位置和活动。这些对肌肉骨骼系统损伤的可能性有直接影响,因此有必要引入适当的保护措施。为了对影响进行长期监测,还必须根据现行立法确定正确的行动和位置限制。在斯洛伐克共和国境内有两个标准,第542/2007 Coll号法令。与STN EN 1005-4+A1不一致。与法国在测量无线多感官系统CAPTIV中实施的AFNOR和INRIS标准相比,现行立法不符合,因此测量评估没有明确建立。因此,我们比较了工作负载评估所需的值。这样的评估对于外骨骼的选择是有用的,作为一种可能的个人防护设备的替代品,为身体提供支持并防止对身体的伤害。为了选择合适的外骨骼,必须评估工作过程和伴随特定工作任务的负载。
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引用次数: 0
Sit-standing posture and chairless chair. A prototype without ground contact. 坐立式和无椅式椅子。没有地面接触的原型机。
Maria Moga, Dan - Radu Moga
Currently there are many types of wearable devices for unconventional sitting. The devices are named suggestively: wearable chairless chair. What all these products have in common is an additional support behind the heel. The additional support, a ground contact behind the heel, appears to add more stability and at the same time increases the complexity of the product, the weight and the difficulty of wearing it.The research assumes that there is no need for additional support nor ground contact. The working method consisted of analyzing products on the market. The analysis was followed by understanding the functioning and the biomechanical cause for the existence of the posterior support. The analysis was carried out by relating the human silhouette, its body volumes and geometry, to the shape and structure of the devices. We focused on the side view because it is the one that gives the asymmetric behavior of the body volumes. In the biomechanical analysis we kept the premises of locating the center of mass, of spatial summation of the partial centers of mass (the head, the trunk and the limbs) as well as the reference to the ground support polygon of the soles. Biomechanical and static analysis was followed by the identification and isolation of that component of body geometry responsible for the need of posterior support. The analysis was then repeated in its absence. It was necessary to correct the geometry of the body and change the degree of flexion of the knees and ankles. The verification of the hypothesis has been achieved by developing a device that corresponds to a body geometry, does not provide posterior support and at the same time eliminates orthostatic muscle stress. Tests were carried out with primitive mock-ups and prototypes, with briefly articulated parts that meet the condition of being wearable through permanent contact with the leg and the thigh. The results were encouraging from the point of view of stability but were unsatisfactory from the point of view of the comfort offered by the primitive prototypes. Refinement of the prototype was achieved by developing the design of the thigh and leg interface components as well as the design of the flexion locking subsystem. Of particular concern was the contact between the product and the surface of the thigh and calf. Refined in this way the prototype unquestionably preserved the stability of the human subject and presented an improvement in comfort criteria.In conclusion, the research confirms the hypothesis. The no ground contact prototype allows a posture in which orthostatic stress is avoided, with good stability and with enough containment to be wearable.
目前有许多类型的可穿戴设备用于非常规坐姿。这种设备被命名为“可穿戴无椅椅”。所有这些产品的共同点是脚跟后面有一个额外的支持。额外的支撑,脚跟后面的地面接触,似乎增加了更多的稳定性,同时增加了产品的复杂性,重量和穿着它的难度。研究假设不需要额外的支持,也不需要与地面接触。工作方法包括分析市场上的产品。分析后,了解功能和生物力学原因的存在的后路支持。分析是通过将人体轮廓、人体体积和几何形状与设备的形状和结构联系起来进行的。我们专注于侧视图,因为它给了身体体积不对称的行为。在生物力学分析中,我们保留了质心定位的前提,部分质心(头部、躯干和四肢)的空间总和,以及脚底的地面支撑多边形的参考。随后进行生物力学和静力学分析,确定并分离导致需要后路支撑的身体几何组成部分。然后在没有数据的情况下重复分析。有必要纠正身体的几何形状,改变膝盖和脚踝的弯曲程度。通过开发一种与身体几何形状相对应的装置,可以验证该假设,该装置不提供后部支撑,同时消除直立肌肉压力。测试是用原始的模型和原型进行的,其中有简单的铰接部件,通过与腿部和大腿的永久接触来满足可穿戴的条件。从稳定性的角度来看,结果令人鼓舞,但从原始原型提供的舒适度的角度来看,结果令人不满意。对原型机进行了改进,开发了大腿和腿部接口部件的设计以及屈曲锁定子系统的设计。特别值得关注的是产品与大腿和小腿表面的接触。以这种方式改进的原型无疑保留了人体主体的稳定性,并提出了舒适标准的改进。总之,这项研究证实了这一假设。无地面接触原型允许避免直立应力的姿势,具有良好的稳定性和足够的可穿戴性。
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引用次数: 0
CoSculpt: An AI-Embedded Human-Robot Collaboration System for Sculptural Creation cosculppt:一个嵌入人工智能的雕塑创作人机协作系统
Mingyuan Zhang, Z. Cheng, Sheung Ting Ramona Shiu, Jiacheng Liang, Cong Fang, Zhengtao Ma, Stephen Jia Wang
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have witnessed significant advancements, leading to the emergence of AI-aided systems that assist in artwork creation. However, the current AI-powered creation support tools predominantly focus on generating 2D images, with limited assistance for 3D object creation, particularly in the field of sculpture. Additionally, as the automation capabilities of machines continue to grow, artists often struggle to maintain control over the creative process. Therefore, the collaboration between artists and AI in sculpturing remains unclear, along with the allocation of responsibilities to ensure the artist's controllability over the sculpture creation process.This study aims to address these gaps by developing CoSculpt, an AI-powered human-robot collaboration sculpturing system with three distinct modes. We explore how humans and AI-embedded robots can interact, delegate tasks, and assume control during various stages of the sculpture creation workflow. By utilizing this system, artists can effectively collaborate with AI technology, leveraging its capabilities while maintaining a significant degree of control over the sculpture creation process.The findings from this study shed light on the potential of human-AI collaboration in sculpturing and provide insights into how artists can effectively navigate the intersection of art and technology. The proposed AI-powered human-robot collaboration system offers a new paradigm for sculptural creation, fostering a harmonious synergy between human creativity and the technical capabilities of AI. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the role of AI in the artistic domain and paves the way for future advancements in the field of sculpture.
人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)取得了重大进展,导致了辅助艺术品创作的人工智能辅助系统的出现。然而,目前的人工智能创建支持工具主要集中在生成2D图像上,对3D对象创建的帮助有限,特别是在雕塑领域。此外,随着机器的自动化能力不断提高,艺术家往往难以保持对创作过程的控制。因此,艺术家和人工智能在雕塑中的合作仍然不明确,以及责任的分配,以确保艺术家对雕塑创作过程的可控性。本研究旨在通过开发CoSculpt来解决这些差距,CoSculpt是一个人工智能驱动的人机协作雕刻系统,具有三种不同的模式。我们探索人类和人工智能嵌入式机器人如何在雕塑创作工作流程的各个阶段进行交互,委派任务并承担控制。通过利用这个系统,艺术家可以有效地与人工智能技术合作,利用其功能,同时保持对雕塑创作过程的很大程度的控制。这项研究的发现揭示了人类与人工智能在雕塑领域合作的潜力,并为艺术家如何有效地驾驭艺术与技术的交叉点提供了见解。提出的人工智能驱动的人机协作系统为雕塑创作提供了一个新的范例,促进了人类创造力和人工智能技术能力之间的和谐协同。最终,这项研究有助于正在进行的关于人工智能在艺术领域中的作用的对话,并为雕塑领域的未来发展铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological Collaborative Support System for maritime navigation teams 航海团队生态协同支持系统
Vítor Fernando Plácido Da Conceição, R. Marques, Pedro B. Água, J. Dahlman
Maritime navigation is a demanding and complex domain that involves risks for people, the environment, and economic activity. The tasks associated with its execution require advanced training, expertise, experience, and a collaborative Navigation Team. Furthermore, naval operations demand higher readiness, accuracy, and resilience due to additional constraints. The response to these challenges has been integrating further automation and information systems. However, the effectiveness of innovative trends had been questioned by recent naval accidents like those involving the US and Norwegian naval ships.In bridge crews, collaboration is progressively more dependent on technological means since they are the information sources, and team members need to share and exchange different information formats besides audio. Furthermore, the increasing number of control functions and information systems required to strengthen the bridge situational awareness came with an additional cost to human operators. Therefore, navigation teams need further assistance in this challenging context to achieve a consistent and coherent situational awareness regarding the integrated systems in use, comprising technological and human agents' activities. The proposed solution under development is a Collaborative Decision Support System (C-DSS) fitted to the vessels' bridge systems requirements to reduce the cognitive workload, enhance collaboration between team members and information systems, and strengthen team situational awareness and sensemaking.Several studies addressed the need to provide enhanced interfaces with higher levels of abstraction representation, adjusted to the changed role of human operators, easily adaptable; improved collaboration between humans and automated agents, and superior information integration from internal and external environments. The most critical property of interfaces is to simplify the "discovery of the meaningfulness" of the problem space. World's representation should include the relevant and critical elements tailored to the task, augmenting the interaction experience, increasing the decision-making skill, and assisting the discovery of significant phenomena. The used methodology was an anthropocentric approach to innovation - design thinking. The process was performed with five phases: empathy, definition, idealization, prototyping and tests. Interface design prototypes were made with Mockups, covering the following several team roles. Usability tests, questionnaires and interviews were applied to validate and assess the C-DSS. Five focus group tests were made iteratively, with fifteen SMEs, twice with navigators, and once with SMEs from the other role, three in each iterative evaluation test, with a 1.5-hour duration. Following a snowball selection principle, participants were recruited from the Portuguese navy with the organization's guidance to ensure that all participants had an extensive s
海上航行是一个要求苛刻且复杂的领域,涉及到人、环境和经济活动的风险。与它的执行相关的任务需要高级培训、专业知识、经验和协作的导航团队。此外,由于额外的限制,海军作战需要更高的战备、准确性和弹性。应对这些挑战的办法是进一步整合自动化和信息系统。然而,创新趋势的有效性受到了最近涉及美国和挪威海军舰艇的海军事故的质疑。在桥组中,协作越来越依赖于技术手段,因为他们是信息源,团队成员除了音频之外还需要共享和交换不同的信息格式。此外,不断增加的控制功能和信息系统需要加强桥梁的态势感知,这给操作员带来了额外的成本。因此,在这种具有挑战性的背景下,导航团队需要进一步的帮助,以实现对正在使用的综合系统的一致和连贯的态势感知,包括技术和人类代理人的活动。正在开发的建议解决方案是一个协作决策支持系统(C-DSS),适合船舶桥架系统的要求,以减少认知工作量,增强团队成员和信息系统之间的协作,并加强团队的态势感知和意义构建。一些研究解决了提供具有更高层次抽象表示的增强接口的需求,以适应人类操作员角色的变化,易于适应;改进了人与自动代理之间的协作,以及来自内部和外部环境的卓越信息集成。接口最关键的特性是简化问题空间的“有意义的发现”。世界代表性应包括适合任务的相关和关键因素,增加互动经验,提高决策技能,并协助发现重大现象。所使用的方法论是一种以人类为中心的创新方法——设计思维。这个过程分为五个阶段:移情、定义、理想化、原型和测试。界面设计原型是用模型制作的,涵盖了以下几个团队角色。应用可用性测试、问卷调查和访谈来验证和评估C-DSS。5个焦点小组测试迭代进行,15个中小企业,2个导航员,1个其他角色的中小企业,每个迭代评估测试3个,持续时间为1.5小时。按照滚雪球选拔原则,在该组织的指导下,从葡萄牙海军招募参与者,以确保所有参与者都具有丰富的航海经验。在C-DSS发展的当前阶段,结果表明界面策略具有很大的潜力。结果表明,最终用户认为C-DSS具有创新性、友好性、易学性和所需的信息,因此希望使用C-DSS。可用性测试使我们能够纠正和改进许多用户界面设计问题。在可用性方面存在的主要困难与记录数据有关。设想中的C-DSS适合船舶的舰桥系统要求,包括几个先决条件,如便携和可定制,实现目标和优先级管理,记录性能和行为数据,共享不同的信息格式,支持信息同步,提供有关系统和操作员的态势感知信息。本研究通过两个目标有助于理解导航团队中的协作决策过程:首先,将主要困难和挑战系统化;其次,从技术和财务可行的角度提出理想的解决方案。开发的原型有四个不同的图形界面,它们相互补充,并基于目标用户的持续贡献,即属于导航团队的元素,面向用户角色的上下文。这些贡献有助于提高对问题的理解,使解决方案理想化,并从设计到新功能的插入和适应改进C-DSS。在原型的验证过程中,发现专家们希望使用C-DSS,并表示他们将有更大的自主权,即使如此,也能够为团队做出非凡的贡献。最后,设计思维方法为最终用户的持续反馈提供了基础,通过触发可能部署的解决方案的新想法,成为双重好处。
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引用次数: 0
Usability testing of instructions for use in cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of ultrasound probes 超声探头清洁、消毒和灭菌使用说明书的可用性试验
Marianna Oliverio, Daniele Fiesoli, Simona Bellavia, R. De Luca
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) represents an area of big interest in healthcare. In this context, 'reprocessing' means a cleaning, disinfection or sterilisation process carried out on a used device in order to allow its safe reuse. A typical IPC responsibility assignments matrix includes healthcare facilities, manufacturers of reprocessing agents and equipment, and manufacturers of medical devices. This project aims to analyze and validate the Instructions for Use (IFUs) for reprocessing of ultrasound (US) probes, from the point of view of the usability, in accordance with IEC 62366-1:2015+AMD1:2020 and IEC TR 62366-2:2016.US probes enable a wide range of applications, with the level of infection risk based on the Spaulding Classification, going from noncritical and semi-critical (intact skin and mucous membrane contacts respectively), to critical (intraoperative). In addition to the diverse clinical procedures, the risk of contamination depends also on the variability in the healthcare environment and user knowledge and expertise.Safe reprocessing of an US probe requires that its IFUs, considered as part of the user interface, are clear, legible, and complete. For this reason, to ensure their correct execution and workflow, a usability testing for the reprocessing IFUs is performed. According to the IEC 62366 standards, such test consists of two steps: formative and summative evaluations. The overall aim of the first step is to explore if the instructions are recognizable, understandable and operable by the user and to identify worst-case scenarios and critical tasks which will be further investigated during the second step by a user group, including lay and professional users with different profiles and needs. For the purpose of this project, the usability testing has confirmed a powerful tool to verify that our reprocessing IFUs for aUS probe can be easily and effectively used. The preliminary analysis and the following interviews of diverse users operating in different environments, have provided evidence that such IFUs enable the user to perform a proper and reliable reprocessing for a safe reuse of the probe.
感染预防和控制(IPC)是医疗保健领域的一个重要领域。在这种情况下,“再处理”是指在使用过的器械上进行的清洁、消毒或灭菌过程,以允许其安全重复使用。典型的IPC责任分配矩阵包括医疗机构、后处理剂和设备制造商以及医疗器械制造商。本项目旨在根据IEC 62366-1:2015+AMD1:2020和IEC TR 62366-2:2016,从可用性的角度分析和验证超声(US)探头再处理的使用说明书(ifu)。US探针具有广泛的应用范围,其感染风险等级基于Spaulding分类,从非关键和半关键(分别为完整的皮肤和粘膜接触)到关键(术中)。除了不同的临床程序外,污染的风险还取决于医疗环境的可变性以及用户的知识和专业知识。美国探针的安全再处理要求其ifu(作为用户界面的一部分)清晰、易读和完整。出于这个原因,为了确保它们的正确执行和工作流程,需要对再处理ifu进行可用性测试。根据IEC 62366标准,这种测试包括两个步骤:形成性评估和总结性评估。第一步的总体目标是探索用户是否可以识别、理解和操作指令,并确定最坏情况和关键任务,这些将在第二步由用户组(包括具有不同概况和需求的外行和专业用户)进一步调查。为了这个项目的目的,可用性测试已经确认了一个强大的工具,以验证我们的后处理ifu为aUS探针可以轻松有效地使用。初步分析和随后对在不同环境中操作的不同用户进行的访谈提供了证据,表明这种ifu使用户能够进行适当和可靠的再处理,以安全重复使用探针。
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引用次数: 0
In a Digital/Artificial Intelligence time can sketches still be useful for Design Process? 在数字/人工智能时代,草图对设计过程仍然有用吗?
Ana Moreira da Silva
Design is, undoubtedly, a creative process. To solve several design problems, designers need tools with specific qualities. Can sketches still be beneficial during design creative process?The relationship between freehand drawing and designers is very old, as the designers use this medium as a way of giving space to creative thinking.Sketching is often used as a tool during idea generation in the early stages of design process. It is in this initial phase of project conception in design where sketches are more frequently used.With the advent of digital drawing tools, most designers, from several design areas, still prefer to sketch with a pen, or a pencil on a paper during the ideas generation.However, and for several users, sketches may seem obsolete representations, totally unable to compete with the modern and sophisticated modeling tools.Nowadays, the use of digital rendering has grown, as the advancement of hardware and software that provide the use of the technique via computer is notorious.With the evolution of technology, the end of manual drawing has long been one of the most discussed issues.There are, however, questions for its future: should technological means completely replace the old method in the name of speed, practicality and immediate results?This paper reflects on sketching as the conception and representation or presentation of an idea, essential to human-centered design practice.We intend to investigate how sketches can still be powerful representations of new ideas, as part of a larger design process, as a key method for thinking, reasoning, and exploring solutions for design problems.
毫无疑问,设计是一个创造性的过程。为了解决几个设计问题,设计师需要具有特定品质的工具。草图在设计创作过程中是否仍然有益?写意画和设计师之间的关系非常古老,因为设计师将这种媒介作为一种给予创造性思维空间的方式。在设计过程的早期阶段,草图经常被用作产生想法的工具。正是在这个项目概念设计的初始阶段,草图被更频繁地使用。随着数字绘图工具的出现,来自不同设计领域的大多数设计师仍然喜欢在创意生成过程中用钢笔或铅笔在纸上素描。然而,对于一些用户来说,草图似乎是过时的表示,完全无法与现代和复杂的建模工具竞争。如今,数字渲染的使用已经增长,因为硬件和软件的进步,通过计算机提供使用该技术是臭名昭著的。随着技术的发展,手工绘图的终结一直是人们讨论最多的问题之一。然而,它的未来也存在一些问题:技术手段是否应该以速度、实用性和立竿见影的名义完全取代旧方法?这篇论文反映了素描作为一个想法的概念和表现或呈现,对以人为本的设计实践至关重要。我们打算研究草图如何仍然是新想法的有力代表,作为更大的设计过程的一部分,作为思考,推理和探索设计问题解决方案的关键方法。
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引用次数: 0
Toward an online rehabilitation exercise service based on personal independent living goals and risk management 基于个人独立生活目标和风险管理的在线康复运动服务
Takashi Yukihira, H. Tokunaga, Masayuki Ihara, Hiroki Murakami, Akihiko Koga, Ryoichi Maeda, Shinpei Saruwatari, Kazuki Takeshita, Shinya Hisano, M. Motoe
In a nursing care domain, labor shortage is a significant problem. Information communication technologies (ICT) are expected as a tool to solve it. Care services, that value “personhood” of individuals, should be designed based on a person-centered principle[1]. We aim to develop an online rehabilitation exercise service that utilizes the ICT but is based on the principle. This paper reports a trial of intervention experiment of the online rehabilitation exercise, which was conducted as a 12-time event for three months. A subject, a female in 78 years old with left hemiplegia who desires more rehabilitation opportunities, joined about 45-minute online exercise sessions in addition to regular outpatient rehabilitations. She exercised by watching a model exercise on a tablet screen that is connected to the nursing facility. The model exercises were performed by an occupational therapist for the first four times and by on-site care workers for the rest. A manual with notes on exercise instruction was distributed to the workers. The instructor change and the manual are for the future regular operation of the service. The exercises were designed for not only the recovery of her arm and fingers on the affected side but also her rehabilitation goal of being able to cook again since a goal setting is important[2]. For risk management, the exercises were limited to those performed in a sitting position and her burden was confirmed before, during, and after the exercise. The exercise design was tentatively determined based on information from a manager of the nursing facility and from an interview with her. After that, the exercise load was adjusted according to her response in trial sessions by the occupational therapist. As a result of physical function measurements, questionnaires, and interviews, there was no improvement in physical functions, but an effect of her self-disclosure was confirmed.[1] Kitwood, T. and Bredin, K. (1992) Towards a theory of dementia care: Personhood and well-being, Ageing and Society, Vol.12, No.3, pp.269-287.[2] Smit EB, Bouwstra H, Hertogh CM, Wattel EM, van der Wouden JC. (2019) Goal-setting in geriatric rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Rehabil., Vol.33, No.3, pp.395-407.
在护理领域,劳动力短缺是一个重大问题。信息通信技术(ICT)有望成为解决这一问题的工具。护理服务重视个体的“人格”,应以人为本的原则进行设计[1]。我们的目标是发展一项利用资讯及通讯科技的网上康复训练服务,但以上述原则为基础。本文报道了一项网络康复训练干预实验的试验,以12次事件的形式进行,为期3个月。一名78岁的女性左偏瘫患者希望有更多的康复机会,除了定期的门诊康复外,她还参加了大约45分钟的在线锻炼课程。她通过在与护理设施相连的平板电脑屏幕上观看模特锻炼来锻炼身体。模型练习前四次由职业治疗师进行,其余的由现场护理人员进行。给工人们分发了一本附有运动指导说明的手册。更换指导员和使用手册是为了以后服务的正常运行。这些练习不仅是为了恢复她患侧的手臂和手指,也是为了实现她能够再次烹饪的康复目标,因为目标设定很重要[2]。在风险管理方面,练习仅限于以坐姿进行,并在练习之前、期间和之后确认患者的负担。根据护理机构经理的信息和对她的采访,初步确定了练习设计。之后,职业治疗师根据她在试验阶段的反应调整运动负荷。身体功能测量、问卷调查和访谈的结果表明,身体功能没有改善,但她的自我披露的效果得到了证实。[1]Kitwood, T.和Bredin, K.(1992)迈向痴呆症护理理论:人格与幸福,老龄化与社会,Vol.12, No.3, pp.269-287.[2]Smit EB, Bouwstra H, Hertogh CM, Wattel EM, van der woden JC。(2019)老年康复目标设定:系统回顾与荟萃分析,临床康复杂志。, Vol.33 No.3, pp.395-407。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling low-code databases with executable UML 使用可执行UML对低代码数据库进行建模
Alan Bubalo, Nikola Tanković
This study aims to create a method for transforming a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class model into an open-source end-user database. The manual transformation of UML class models into a database can be time-consuming and prone to errors. By making a database schema from a UML class model in standard XMI format, our framework offers an automated alternative and makes the transformation more useful. The tool gets the tables, attributes, and connections that compose the schema from the class model's classes, properties, and relationships. The tool also has an abstract RESTful web service component to give the newly made database a web interface. Such a tool will make it easier for software engineers with less experience, especially students, to learn and use UML class models. We implemented the framework for a Baserow end-user database and evaluated it on a student internship use case. The accompanying code is available as an open-source GitHub repository.
本研究旨在创建一种将统一建模语言(UML)类模型转换为开源最终用户数据库的方法。手工将UML类模型转换为数据库可能非常耗时,而且容易出错。通过以标准的xml格式从UML类模型制作数据库模式,我们的框架提供了一个自动化的替代方案,并使转换更有用。该工具从类模型的类、属性和关系中获取组成模式的表、属性和连接。该工具还有一个抽象的RESTful web服务组件,为新创建的数据库提供web接口。这样的工具将使经验较少的软件工程师,特别是学生,更容易学习和使用UML类模型。我们为一个Baserow终端用户数据库实现了这个框架,并在一个学生实习用例上对它进行了评估。附带的代码可以作为开源GitHub存储库获得。
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引用次数: 0
Is there a clear understanding of using human factors and ergonomics at work? 是否清楚地了解在工作中使用人为因素和人体工程学?
Maria Lindholm, Elina Parviainen
Human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) is a scientific discipline that aims to understand interactions among humans and other elements of a system where an individual performs his/her work tasks with different materials, tools and technologies in a certain work environment in given time. HF/E applies theory, principles, data and methods in design to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. International Ergonomics Association (IEA) has defined HF/E specialists core competencies as foundation knowledge, HF/E measurement and analysis skills, HF/E evaluation skills, HF/E recommendation skills, HF/E implementation skills, scientific skills, and professional behavior. In addition, Centre for Registration of European Ergonomists (CREE) has defined European Ergonomists as professionals who are experienced in using knowledge from the areas of anatomy, physiology, psychology, social organization and the physical environment to design work systems, structures and activities to optimize human performance and well-being. However, in public discussion and in generic understanding, it is not clear what HF/E or ergonomics means nor who are HF/E specialists or ergonomists, what do they do and where do they work.This study aims to contribute to the above presented discussion. A questionnaire was conducted to collect internationally HF/E experts' (n = 8) opinions on proactive designing of work and work environments. Beside the questionnaire, to gain the same understanding nationally, qualitative interviews for Finnish professionals (n = 9) were conducted with a semi-structured interview form. The questions in both phases were based on a handbook, “People in designing work and the working environment - a handbook for the proactive planning of work and design of working environments” (later “handbook”), commissioned by the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The handbook aimed to offer tools for proactive planning of work and designing working environments. In this study, related to the questionnaire, the focus is on the questions “What is your image about who are doing the planning of work and design of work environment at workplaces?”, “Who are responsible for taking care that all needed actions for planning and designing the work will be done?”, “Who are responsible for the whole process (designing of work)?”, “Who are responsible for the needed knowledge (designing of work)?”, and “How would you define the role and tasks of a HFE professional in this kind of process (designing of work)?”. Related to interviews, the focus is on the generic views and comments about the design process and the roles in it, inspired by the discussion about the handbook. The materials were analyzed by categorization.In the interviews, the overall opinion was that there is no clear picture of who actually is an HF/E specialist, how it is defined and who are they specifically in Finland, which may lead to false impressions.
人因与工效学(HF/E)是一门科学学科,旨在了解人与系统中其他元素之间的相互作用,个人在特定的工作环境中使用不同的材料,工具和技术执行他/她的工作任务。高频/电子应用理论,原则,数据和方法的设计,以优化人类福祉和整体系统性能。国际人体工程学协会(IEA)将高频/电专家的核心能力定义为基础知识、高频/电测量和分析技能、高频/电评估技能、高频/电推荐技能、高频/电实施技能、科学技能和专业行为。此外,欧洲人类工效学家注册中心(CREE)将欧洲人类工效学家定义为经验丰富的专业人士,他们利用解剖学、生理学、心理学、社会组织和物理环境领域的知识来设计工作系统、结构和活动,以优化人类的表现和福祉。然而,在公共讨论和一般理解中,并不清楚高频/电或人体工程学的含义,也不清楚谁是高频/电专家或人体工程学专家,他们做什么,在哪里工作。本研究旨在为上述讨论做出贡献。通过问卷调查,收集国际高频/电子专家(n = 8)对工作和工作环境主动设计的意见。除了问卷之外,为了在全国范围内获得相同的理解,我们还对芬兰专业人士(n = 9)进行了半结构化访谈。这两个阶段的问题都是基于芬兰社会事务和卫生部委托编写的一本手册,"设计工作和工作环境的人——工作和工作环境设计的主动规划手册"(后来称为"手册")。该手册旨在为主动规划工作和设计工作环境提供工具。在这项研究中,与问卷调查相关,重点是问题“你是如何看待谁在工作场所做工作规划和工作环境的设计?”、“谁负责确保计划和设计工作所需的所有行动都完成?”、“谁负责整个过程(作品的设计)?”、“谁负责所需的知识(工作设计)?”,以及“您如何定义HFE专业人员在这种过程(作品设计)中的角色和任务?”与访谈相关,重点是关于设计过程及其角色的一般观点和评论,灵感来自于对手册的讨论。对材料进行分类分析。在采访中,总的观点是,对于谁是HF/E专家,如何定义,以及在芬兰具体是谁,没有明确的认识,这可能会导致错误的印象。在问卷中,描述了在规划和设计工作以及在其中利用高频/高频时的角色和责任,答案种类繁多。这些初步结果表明,有必要扩大公众对高频/高频专家的讨论和看法,并加深对他们的了解。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends and Applications
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