Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00015.3
L. Rawat, Y. Singh, N. Shukla, J. Kumar
Biocontrol or Biological Control can be defined as the use of natural organisms or genetically modified genes or gene products, to reduce the effects of undesirable organisms to favour organisms useful to human, such as crops, trees, animals and beneficial microorganisms. This strategy of control is ecologically clean and compatible with different models of agriculture: organic, biological and integrated pest/pathogen management (IPM) programmes. The main antagonist used in disease control in agriculture is the fungus Trichoderma, a low cost biocontrol agent that can establish it in different pathosystems, has moderate effects on soil balance and does not harm beneficial organism that contribute towards pathogen's control. This biocontrol agent has no harmful effects on humans, wildlife and other beneficial organisms. Trichoderma spp. is safe and effective biocontrol agents in both natural and controlled environments that does not accumulate in the food chain and to which resistance has not been described. Trichoderma strains used as biocontrol agents can act by colonising the soil and/or parts of the plant, occupying a physical space and avoiding the multiplication of the pathogens or producing cell wall degrading enzymes against the pathogens or producing antibiotics that can kill the pathogens or promoting the plant development and inducing the defensive mechanisms of the plant. Antifungal formulations based on Trichoderma strains and proteins require, as in the case of chemical fungicides, a costly and sound registration process previous to their commercialisation. For this reason, many of these biological products are being offered to the farmers under the category of fertilisers and other commercial products that are not tightly regulated, and, hence, they do not offer sufficient guarantee of quality and sanitary control. This fraud must be prosecuted since most of these wrongly registered formulations have not got a Trichoderma inoculums ’, shelf life or other properties stated on their label.
{"title":"Trichoderma: Fungal Antagonist Used to Control Diseases in Agriculture","authors":"L. Rawat, Y. Singh, N. Shukla, J. Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00015.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00015.3","url":null,"abstract":"Biocontrol or Biological Control can be defined as the use of natural organisms or genetically modified genes or gene products, to reduce the effects of undesirable organisms to favour organisms useful to human, such as crops, trees, animals and beneficial microorganisms. This strategy of control is ecologically clean and compatible with different models of agriculture: organic, biological and integrated pest/pathogen management (IPM) programmes. The main antagonist used in disease control in agriculture is the fungus Trichoderma, a low cost biocontrol agent that can establish it in different pathosystems, has moderate effects on soil balance and does not harm beneficial organism that contribute towards pathogen's control. This biocontrol agent has no harmful effects on humans, wildlife and other beneficial organisms. Trichoderma spp. is safe and effective biocontrol agents in both natural and controlled environments that does not accumulate in the food chain and to which resistance has not been described. Trichoderma strains used as biocontrol agents can act by colonising the soil and/or parts of the plant, occupying a physical space and avoiding the multiplication of the pathogens or producing cell wall degrading enzymes against the pathogens or producing antibiotics that can kill the pathogens or promoting the plant development and inducing the defensive mechanisms of the plant. Antifungal formulations based on Trichoderma strains and proteins require, as in the case of chemical fungicides, a costly and sound registration process previous to their commercialisation. For this reason, many of these biological products are being offered to the farmers under the category of fertilisers and other commercial products that are not tightly regulated, and, hence, they do not offer sufficient guarantee of quality and sanitary control. This fraud must be prosecuted since most of these wrongly registered formulations have not got a Trichoderma inoculums ’, shelf life or other properties stated on their label.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"131 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.1.006
Özlem Aksoy
Elodea canadensis were planted and exposed to different concentrations of olive oil and milk industry wastewater in aquariums containing sand. Plants were sampled after 4 weeks exposure to different concentrations of wastewater solutions. The phytotoxic effects were determined by morphological and anatomical experiments, while genotoxic effects were determined by cytological experiments. Three morphological traits; main shoot length, number of lateral shoots and cumulated length of lateral roots were measured, leaf and shoot anatomy were examined. Cytological effects were investigated in root apical meristematic cells by using squashing techniques. Mitotic index and abnormality frequencies in different phases of mitosis and abnormality types were investigated and chlorophyll content in leaves was determined. Most of the morphological traits of E. canadensis were affected by the wastewater samples. Both the olive oil and milk industry wastewater dilutions had cytotoxic effects on mitosis. In conclusion, results indicate that E. canadensis is more sensitive to olive oil wastewater than milk industry wastewater.
{"title":"The Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Olive Oil and Milk Industry Wastewater on Elodea canadensis","authors":"Özlem Aksoy","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Elodea canadensis were planted and exposed to different concentrations of olive oil and milk industry wastewater in aquariums containing sand. Plants were sampled after 4 weeks exposure to different concentrations of wastewater solutions. The phytotoxic effects were determined by morphological and anatomical experiments, while genotoxic effects were determined by cytological experiments. Three morphological traits; main shoot length, number of lateral shoots and cumulated length of lateral roots were measured, leaf and shoot anatomy were examined. Cytological effects were investigated in root apical meristematic cells by using squashing techniques. Mitotic index and abnormality frequencies in different phases of mitosis and abnormality types were investigated and chlorophyll content in leaves was determined. Most of the morphological traits of E. canadensis were affected by the wastewater samples. Both the olive oil and milk industry wastewater dilutions had cytotoxic effects on mitosis. In conclusion, results indicate that E. canadensis is more sensitive to olive oil wastewater than milk industry wastewater.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132831013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.2.013
B. Ali, S. Muzaffar, N. A. Wani, N. Amin
Phytohormones play critical a role in the plant growth and development and enhance the resistance to several stress situations. Phenolic compounds are some of the most widespread molecules among plant secondary metabolites, which inhibit seed germination and seedling growth in cucumber. With an objective to explore the possible ameliorators of inhibitory impact of phenolic compounds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Long Green seeds exposed to 10−4 M each of catechol, gallic acid or pyrogallic acid were treated with 10−3 M of gibberellic acid (GA3). Exposure of the seeds to the phenolic compounds significantly decreased the germination percentage, growth of radicle and hypocotyls and the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings. However, the follow up treatment with 10−3 M of GA3 reversed the inhibitory impact of the phenolic compounds and there was a significant improvement in these parameters after GA3 treatment. However, total phenolic content in the seedlings increased in response to phenolic compound treatments.
植物激素在植物生长发育中起着至关重要的作用，增强了植物对多种逆境的抗性。酚类化合物是植物次生代谢产物中分布最广的一类分子，对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长具有抑制作用。为了探讨黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)抗氧化活性的可能改善剂。长绿色种子分别暴露于10−4 M的儿茶酚、没食子酸或焦性没食子酸中，再用10−3 M的赤霉素酸(GA3)处理。酚类化合物显著降低了种子发芽率、胚根和下胚轴的生长以及幼苗的鲜重和干重。然而，10−3 M GA3的后续处理逆转了酚类化合物的抑制作用，GA3处理后这些参数有显著改善。但复合酚处理的幼苗总酚含量增加。
{"title":"Gibberellic Acid Modulates the Changes Induced by Phenolic Compounds on the Germination and Seedling Growth in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)","authors":"B. Ali, S. Muzaffar, N. A. Wani, N. Amin","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.2.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-1750.3.2.013","url":null,"abstract":"Phytohormones play critical a role in the plant growth and development and enhance the resistance to several stress situations. Phenolic compounds are some of the most widespread molecules among plant secondary metabolites, which inhibit seed germination and seedling growth in cucumber. With an objective to explore the possible ameliorators of inhibitory impact of phenolic compounds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Long Green seeds exposed to 10−4 M each of catechol, gallic acid or pyrogallic acid were treated with 10−3 M of gibberellic acid (GA3). Exposure of the seeds to the phenolic compounds significantly decreased the germination percentage, growth of radicle and hypocotyls and the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings. However, the follow up treatment with 10−3 M of GA3 reversed the inhibitory impact of the phenolic compounds and there was a significant improvement in these parameters after GA3 treatment. However, total phenolic content in the seedlings increased in response to phenolic compound treatments.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132097479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2014.00007.9
Im Rukayya, A. Khan, Zd Umar, A. Bashir
The plant growth performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in agricultural soil of Katsina state amended with different levels of farmyard manure (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) was studied. The plant growth performance in terms of length of shoot and root, fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, leaf number and branch number was increased significantly up to 50%, and then decreased gradually in the rest of levels. The highest growth was observed at 50% (root length = 26.0 cm, shoot length = 15.0 cm, root fresh wt. = 2.87 g, shoot fresh wt. = 4.89 g, root dry wt. = 0.60 g, shoot dry wt. = 0.92 g, number of leaves = 153, number of branch = 19 and number of nodules = 00) farmyard manure level. The lowest growth performance was observed in control (root length = 10.0 cm, shoot length = 6.2 cm, root fresh weight = 1.04 g, shoot fresh weight = 1.89 g, root dry weight = 0.15 g, shoot dry weight 0.19 g, number of leaf = 20, number of branch = 4 and number of nodules = 00).
{"title":"Study of Growth Performance of Chickpea in Agricultural Soil of Katsina, Nigeria","authors":"Im Rukayya, A. Khan, Zd Umar, A. Bashir","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2014.00007.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2014.00007.9","url":null,"abstract":"The plant growth performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in agricultural soil of Katsina state amended with different levels of farmyard manure (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) was studied. The plant growth performance in terms of length of shoot and root, fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, leaf number and branch number was increased significantly up to 50%, and then decreased gradually in the rest of levels. The highest growth was observed at 50% (root length = 26.0 cm, shoot length = 15.0 cm, root fresh wt. = 2.87 g, shoot fresh wt. = 4.89 g, root dry wt. = 0.60 g, shoot dry wt. = 0.92 g, number of leaves = 153, number of branch = 19 and number of nodules = 00) farmyard manure level. The lowest growth performance was observed in control (root length = 10.0 cm, shoot length = 6.2 cm, root fresh weight = 1.04 g, shoot fresh weight = 1.89 g, root dry weight = 0.15 g, shoot dry weight 0.19 g, number of leaf = 20, number of branch = 4 and number of nodules = 00).","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00014.7
M. Shrivastava, M. A. Ahanger, R. Agarwal
{"title":"Improved Growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with Potassium Supplementation Involves Physiological and Biochemical Implications","authors":"M. Shrivastava, M. A. Ahanger, R. Agarwal","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00014.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00014.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-1750.4.1.006
N. Lal, Z. Khan
Experiments were conducted on black gram and green gram to evaluate the effects of rhizobium inoculation on some germination parameters and early plant growth. In vitro germination data showed that inoculation with rhizobium accelerated the germination velocity during first five days and caused subsequent improvement in root and shoot length and biomass. Rhizobium inoculation drastically enhanced the mobilization efficiency which resulted in vigourous seedlings. In vivo studies on nodulation and plant growth showed nodulation in untreated and inoculated seed-derived plants both; however, the later had significantly high values for plant height and biomass, and nodule number and biomass in both the crops. Physiological improvement of germination and early plant growth due to rhizobia inoculation points towards their role not only as nitrogen fixer but also as growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.
{"title":"Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on in vitro Germination and in vivo Nodulation and Early Plant Growth in Black gram and Green gram","authors":"N. Lal, Z. Khan","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-1750.4.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-1750.4.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted on black gram and green gram to evaluate the effects of rhizobium inoculation on some germination parameters and early plant growth. In vitro germination data showed that inoculation with rhizobium accelerated the germination velocity during first five days and caused subsequent improvement in root and shoot length and biomass. Rhizobium inoculation drastically enhanced the mobilization efficiency which resulted in vigourous seedlings. In vivo studies on nodulation and plant growth showed nodulation in untreated and inoculated seed-derived plants both; however, the later had significantly high values for plant height and biomass, and nodule number and biomass in both the crops. Physiological improvement of germination and early plant growth due to rhizobia inoculation points towards their role not only as nitrogen fixer but also as growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121962280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2020.00003.7
Karanjalker Gourish Ranganath
{"title":"A Review on Physical-Biochemical Characterization and Breeding Aspects of the Mango Peel","authors":"Karanjalker Gourish Ranganath","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2020.00003.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2020.00003.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00010.X
Surendra Argal, W. Bhat, M. A. Ahanger, R. Agarwal
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. is an exotic plant having potential to grow in drought, salinity, extremes of soil pH and heavy metal stress, that is the stress conditions in which the growth and productivity of other plants are most adversely affected. P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is having phytochemicals with varying biological activities. Nevertheless, invasive alien species pose a threat to ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, water availability and beauty of natural areas over the world. The current report encompasses phytochemical analysis and enzyme assay at different developmental stages of P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. A variety of phytochemicals and enzymes including those involved in antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities contribute to the survival of the plant under adverse conditions. Activity of the enzymes involved in antioxidants activity was greater in older leaves probably helping the plants withstanding the deleterious effects of oxidative stresses increasing with age. However, accumulation of secondary metabolites (tannins, total phenols and phytic acid) in P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is greater in younger leaves and internodes in comparison to older ones. Sodium and calcium percentage increases, whereas potassium and chloride decreases with age in leaves as well as internodes. P. juliflora can help for the removal of sodium and chloride and therefore making it useful in improvement/reclamation of such soils, as it can grow in soils rich in such salts. Manoeuvring the antioxidant systems by altering the regulatory processes controlling their expression may provide an additional means of improvement.
{"title":"A Note on Phyto Analysis of P. juliflora (Swartz) DC.","authors":"Surendra Argal, W. Bhat, M. A. Ahanger, R. Agarwal","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00010.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2016.00010.X","url":null,"abstract":"Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. is an exotic plant having potential to grow in drought, salinity, extremes of soil pH and heavy metal stress, that is the stress conditions in which the growth and productivity of other plants are most adversely affected. P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is having phytochemicals with varying biological activities. Nevertheless, invasive alien species pose a threat to ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, water availability and beauty of natural areas over the world. The current report encompasses phytochemical analysis and enzyme assay at different developmental stages of P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. A variety of phytochemicals and enzymes including those involved in antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities contribute to the survival of the plant under adverse conditions. Activity of the enzymes involved in antioxidants activity was greater in older leaves probably helping the plants withstanding the deleterious effects of oxidative stresses increasing with age. However, accumulation of secondary metabolites (tannins, total phenols and phytic acid) in P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is greater in younger leaves and internodes in comparison to older ones. Sodium and calcium percentage increases, whereas potassium and chloride decreases with age in leaves as well as internodes. P. juliflora can help for the removal of sodium and chloride and therefore making it useful in improvement/reclamation of such soils, as it can grow in soils rich in such salts. Manoeuvring the antioxidant systems by altering the regulatory processes controlling their expression may provide an additional means of improvement.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"102 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120982938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00003.7
D. Radwan, A. Gaafar
Although zinc (Zn) is an essential element required for normal growth, excessive amounts may be toxic for plants. This study highlighted the negative impact of Zn toxicity on the growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum and the role of ammonium sulphate (AMS) to ameliorate the induced oxidative stress. Growth parameters of seedlings as well as mitotic behaviour of root tip cells were monitored. Under Zn stress, a remarkable growth suppression of seedlings including low rate of germination, reduced root lengths, decreased fresh and dry matters were recorded. At the same time, high protein contents, high malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 levels and induced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were recorded in Zn-stressed seedlings. Meanwhile, the seedlings treated with AMS and Zn/AMS were more or less similar to the control treatment. On the other side, the mitotic index (MI) of Zn-treated root tip cells showed significantly lowered values. The microscopic studies of Zn-stressed root tip cells showed several kinds of aberrations including sticky and lagging, fragmentation, multipolarity and formation of single and multi-chromatid bridges, which affected negatively on mitotic behaviour of root tip cells and overall growth of roots. These mitotic abnormalities were not detected in root tip cells treated with AMS and Zn/AMS. This study indicated that growth retardation and mitotic abnormalities of fenugreek resulted from Zn stress can be ameliorated by the application of AMS. AMS could work against Zn toxicity through supplying the plants with ammonium required for protein synthesis working in Zn detoxification.
{"title":"Alleviation of Zinc Toxicity Consequences on Trigonella foenum-graecum Seedlings using Ammonium Sulphate","authors":"D. Radwan, A. Gaafar","doi":"10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00003.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00003.7","url":null,"abstract":"Although zinc (Zn) is an essential element required for normal growth, excessive amounts may be toxic for plants. This study highlighted the negative impact of Zn toxicity on the growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum and the role of ammonium sulphate (AMS) to ameliorate the induced oxidative stress. Growth parameters of seedlings as well as mitotic behaviour of root tip cells were monitored. Under Zn stress, a remarkable growth suppression of seedlings including low rate of germination, reduced root lengths, decreased fresh and dry matters were recorded. At the same time, high protein contents, high malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 levels and induced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were recorded in Zn-stressed seedlings. Meanwhile, the seedlings treated with AMS and Zn/AMS were more or less similar to the control treatment. On the other side, the mitotic index (MI) of Zn-treated root tip cells showed significantly lowered values. The microscopic studies of Zn-stressed root tip cells showed several kinds of aberrations including sticky and lagging, fragmentation, multipolarity and formation of single and multi-chromatid bridges, which affected negatively on mitotic behaviour of root tip cells and overall growth of roots. These mitotic abnormalities were not detected in root tip cells treated with AMS and Zn/AMS. This study indicated that growth retardation and mitotic abnormalities of fenugreek resulted from Zn stress can be ameliorated by the application of AMS. AMS could work against Zn toxicity through supplying the plants with ammonium required for protein synthesis working in Zn detoxification.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125281313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-1742.1.1.003
K. Chauhan, Sheel Sharma, Neelam Chauturvedi, B. Chauhan
Tea is the most consumed drink in the world after water. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine considers green tea as a healthful beverage. Green tea a ‘non-fermented’ product contains high level of catechins. Catechins have been found to be strong antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition an adequate presence of minerals and vitamins gives a further philip to the antioxidant potential of green tea. Recent human and animal studies suggest that green tea may contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer, besides contributing towards the promotion of oral health and other physiological functions such as anti-hypertensive effect, body weight control, antibacterial and antiviral activity, solar ultraviolet protection, bone mineral density promotion, antifibrotic and neuroprotective effects. Increasing interest in its health benefits has led to the inclusion of green tea in the group of beverages with functional properties. Though research evidence on green tea is very promising, future studies are necessary to fully understand its contributions to human health, so as to make advice for its regular consumption in the diets based on firm grounds.
{"title":"Green Tea [Camellia sinensis]: A Gateway to Health and Longevity","authors":"K. Chauhan, Sheel Sharma, Neelam Chauturvedi, B. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-1742.1.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-1742.1.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Tea is the most consumed drink in the world after water. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine considers green tea as a healthful beverage. Green tea a ‘non-fermented’ product contains high level of catechins. Catechins have been found to be strong antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition an adequate presence of minerals and vitamins gives a further philip to the antioxidant potential of green tea. Recent human and animal studies suggest that green tea may contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer, besides contributing towards the promotion of oral health and other physiological functions such as anti-hypertensive effect, body weight control, antibacterial and antiviral activity, solar ultraviolet protection, bone mineral density promotion, antifibrotic and neuroprotective effects. Increasing interest in its health benefits has led to the inclusion of green tea in the group of beverages with functional properties. Though research evidence on green tea is very promising, future studies are necessary to fully understand its contributions to human health, so as to make advice for its regular consumption in the diets based on firm grounds.","PeriodicalId":231568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124989950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：