Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1201/9780203735398-112
MAK value (1969) 0.5 ml/m (ppm) 1 mg/m Peak limitation (2002) Category II, excursion factor 2 Absorption through the skin – Sensitization – Carcinogenicity – Prenatal toxicity (2000) see Section IIc of the List of MAK and BAT Values Germ cell mutagenicity – BAT value – Synonyms mercaptomethane thiomethyl alcohol methyl sulfhydrate Chemical name (CAS) methanethiol CAS number 74-93-1 Structural formula H3C–SH Molecular formula CH4S Molecular weight 48.10 Melting point –123°C Boiling point 5.9°C log Pow∗ 0.98 1 ml/m (ppm) 1.996 mg/m 1 mg/m 0.501 ml/m (ppm)
{"title":"Methyl Mercaptan","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9780203735398-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203735398-112","url":null,"abstract":"MAK value (1969) 0.5 ml/m (ppm) 1 mg/m Peak limitation (2002) Category II, excursion factor 2 Absorption through the skin – Sensitization – Carcinogenicity – Prenatal toxicity (2000) see Section IIc of the List of MAK and BAT Values Germ cell mutagenicity – BAT value – Synonyms mercaptomethane thiomethyl alcohol methyl sulfhydrate Chemical name (CAS) methanethiol CAS number 74-93-1 Structural formula H3C–SH Molecular formula CH4S Molecular weight 48.10 Melting point –123°C Boiling point 5.9°C log Pow∗ 0.98 1 ml/m (ppm) 1.996 mg/m 1 mg/m 0.501 ml/m (ppm)","PeriodicalId":23188,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Desk Reference","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77706728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1201/9780203735398-55
Vurderingsgrunnlag for usikkerhetsfaktor: PNEC2: Kronisk NOEC fra tre trofiske nivå. NOEC for fisk (art uspesifisert) er høyere enn akutt LC50 for regnbueørret, men NOEC for krepsdyr er mye lavere. NOEC for Daphnia magna er ubetydelig lavere enn LC50 for Gammarus fasciatus. Derfor benyttes UF=50 på NOEC for D. magna. PNEC1: Akutt L(E)C50 fra tre trofiske nivå – UF=100 gir lavere PNEC1 enn PNEC 2 – derfor UF=10. Test-type μg/l Litteratur PNEC1 PNEC2 Test-varighet Art LC50 6400 3 Alger akutt NOEC 980 3 Alger kronisk 96h EC50 0,18 1 Dafnia akutt Gammarus fasciatus 21d NOEC 0,17 2 Dafnia kronisk Daphnia magna 96h LC50 80 2 Fisk akutt Onchorhynchus mykiss NOEC 150 3 Fisk kronisk
{"title":"Diazinon","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9780203735398-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203735398-55","url":null,"abstract":"Vurderingsgrunnlag for usikkerhetsfaktor: PNEC2: Kronisk NOEC fra tre trofiske nivå. NOEC for fisk (art uspesifisert) er høyere enn akutt LC50 for regnbueørret, men NOEC for krepsdyr er mye lavere. NOEC for Daphnia magna er ubetydelig lavere enn LC50 for Gammarus fasciatus. Derfor benyttes UF=50 på NOEC for D. magna. PNEC1: Akutt L(E)C50 fra tre trofiske nivå – UF=100 gir lavere PNEC1 enn PNEC 2 – derfor UF=10. Test-type μg/l Litteratur PNEC1 PNEC2 Test-varighet Art LC50 6400 3 Alger akutt NOEC 980 3 Alger kronisk 96h EC50 0,18 1 Dafnia akutt Gammarus fasciatus 21d NOEC 0,17 2 Dafnia kronisk Daphnia magna 96h LC50 80 2 Fisk akutt Onchorhynchus mykiss NOEC 150 3 Fisk kronisk","PeriodicalId":23188,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Desk Reference","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76197027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1201/9781420032741.ch24
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial compounds with multiple industrial and commercial uses (Table 41.1). PCBs are chemically inert and stable when heated. These properties contribute greatly to PCBs having become environmental contaminants. The chemical inertness and heat stability properties that make PCBs desirable for industry also protect them from destruction when the products in which they are used are discarded. These same properties also enable PCB residues to persist in the environment for long periods of time and to be transported worldwide when contaminated particulate matter travels through waters, precipitation, wind, and other physical forces. PCBs have a physical structure similar to DDT, and, like DDT, they are classified as aromatic hydrocarbons which contain one or more benzene rings. The presence of chlorine results in DDT, PCBs, and other compounds with similar structures commonly being referred to as chlorinated hydrocarbons. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with the amount of chlorine they contain. The trade name of Aroclor for PCBs that were produced by a manufacturer in the United States contains a numerical designation that specifies the amount of chlorine present in a particular formulation. For example, Aroclor 1221 contains 21 percent chlorine while Aroclor 1254 contains 54 percent chlorine. The first two digits designate the number of carbons in the formulation. The chemical structure of PCBs results in the possibility of many different forms or isomers, (more commonly called congeners) of these compounds. PCBs in other countries have different trade names than Aroclor (Table 41.2).
{"title":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9781420032741.ch24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420032741.ch24","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial compounds with multiple industrial and commercial uses (Table 41.1). PCBs are chemically inert and stable when heated. These properties contribute greatly to PCBs having become environmental contaminants. The chemical inertness and heat stability properties that make PCBs desirable for industry also protect them from destruction when the products in which they are used are discarded. These same properties also enable PCB residues to persist in the environment for long periods of time and to be transported worldwide when contaminated particulate matter travels through waters, precipitation, wind, and other physical forces. PCBs have a physical structure similar to DDT, and, like DDT, they are classified as aromatic hydrocarbons which contain one or more benzene rings. The presence of chlorine results in DDT, PCBs, and other compounds with similar structures commonly being referred to as chlorinated hydrocarbons. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with the amount of chlorine they contain. The trade name of Aroclor for PCBs that were produced by a manufacturer in the United States contains a numerical designation that specifies the amount of chlorine present in a particular formulation. For example, Aroclor 1221 contains 21 percent chlorine while Aroclor 1254 contains 54 percent chlorine. The first two digits designate the number of carbons in the formulation. The chemical structure of PCBs results in the possibility of many different forms or isomers, (more commonly called congeners) of these compounds. PCBs in other countries have different trade names than Aroclor (Table 41.2).","PeriodicalId":23188,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Desk Reference","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87402442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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