Recent evidence suggests that ultraviolet fluorescence is more widespread among mammals than previously thought. For instance, the presence of fluorescence has been observed in both live and museum specimens of several species of pocket gophers (Family Geomyidae). We examined a live specimen of Baird's pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) as well as museum specimens from four species of geomyids for evidence of ultraviolet fluorescence. Coverage and intensity of fluorescence was greatest in the live specimen. All museum specimens showed evidence of fluorescence although coverage and intensity decreased with specimen age. Additional research is needed to determine the source and ecological significance of ultraviolet fluorescence in pocket gophers.
{"title":"Evidence of Ultraviolet Fluorescence in Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps)","authors":"Angel Abbasi, McKaughly Wing, Justin D. Hoffman","doi":"10.1660/062.127.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.127.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence suggests that ultraviolet fluorescence is more widespread among mammals than previously thought. For instance, the presence of fluorescence has been observed in both live and museum specimens of several species of pocket gophers (Family Geomyidae). We examined a live specimen of Baird's pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) as well as museum specimens from four species of geomyids for evidence of ultraviolet fluorescence. Coverage and intensity of fluorescence was greatest in the live specimen. All museum specimens showed evidence of fluorescence although coverage and intensity decreased with specimen age. Additional research is needed to determine the source and ecological significance of ultraviolet fluorescence in pocket gophers.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"81 21","pages":"49 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Fairport Chalk (lower middle Turonian) of the Carlile Shale is an Upper Cretaceous rock unit that was deposited in the middle of the Western Interior Seaway. This study presents the results of the first examination of microscopic marine vertebrate fossils from a single basal horizon within the Fairport Chalk at a new locality in Russell County, Kansas. The paleofauna consists of at least 12 vertebrate taxa, including seven chondrichthyans and five osteichthyans. They include durophagous (Ptychodus) and macrophagous (Cardabiodon and Cretoxyrhina) species, opportunistic scavengers and feeders (Squalicorax), and pelagic predators (plethodids and Enchodus). There is a scarcity of Enchodus and an abundance of caturid teeth, which is similar to the upper half of the Greenhorn Limestone, but in striking contrast with the basal Greenhorn Limestone, upper Carlile Shale, and upper Niobrara Chalk. The abundance of caturid teeth in the Jetmore Chalk–Fairport Chalk interval indicates that the specific caturid taxon was more common in the offshore environment than E. shumardi.
{"title":"A New Fossil Marine Vertebrate Assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous Fairport Chalk Member of the Carlile Shale in Russell County, Kansas, U.S.A.","authors":"Lizette Arroyo, K. Shimada","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0101","url":null,"abstract":"The Fairport Chalk (lower middle Turonian) of the Carlile Shale is an Upper Cretaceous rock unit that was deposited in the middle of the Western Interior Seaway. This study presents the results of the first examination of microscopic marine vertebrate fossils from a single basal horizon within the Fairport Chalk at a new locality in Russell County, Kansas. The paleofauna consists of at least 12 vertebrate taxa, including seven chondrichthyans and five osteichthyans. They include durophagous (Ptychodus) and macrophagous (Cardabiodon and Cretoxyrhina) species, opportunistic scavengers and feeders (Squalicorax), and pelagic predators (plethodids and Enchodus). There is a scarcity of Enchodus and an abundance of caturid teeth, which is similar to the upper half of the Greenhorn Limestone, but in striking contrast with the basal Greenhorn Limestone, upper Carlile Shale, and upper Niobrara Chalk. The abundance of caturid teeth in the Jetmore Chalk–Fairport Chalk interval indicates that the specific caturid taxon was more common in the offshore environment than E. shumardi.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"34 3-4","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) was once a primary constituent of savannas throughout the Great Plains. Today, however, oak woodlands occupy only a small percentage of their former extent, and so efforts are underway to restore them. This study examined growth of young trees, frequency of acorn production (an index of recruitment potential), and seedling recruitment in two bur oak cohorts, planted in 2007 and 2009, in a mostly unmanaged setting undergoing old field succession. Documenting the variation in growth response is important for predicting rates of establishment and recruitment in woodland restorations where bur oaks are planted with little to no subsequent intervention. Trees grew an average 40.59 cm/year in the 2007 cohort, and 30.49 cm/year in the 2009 cohort. For both cohorts, height was a function of age (2007 cohort: r2 = 0.793; 2009 cohort: r2 = 0.616). In 2022, diameter at breast height (DBH) was a strong predictor of tree height (2007 cohort: r2 = 0.776; 2009 cohort: r2 = 0.927). There was great variation in fruit production among individual trees: annual acorn production varied from ∼1 to ∼45 % of trees in the 2007 cohort and from ∼4 to ∼24 % of trees in the 2009 cohort. In 2022, 81.25 % of randomized 4 m x 4 m quadrats contained bur oak seedlings. It is encouraging that acorn production commenced just a few years after planting and that substantial recruitment from seed began within ten years, suggesting that bur oak stands so established can become self-sustaining. These results can inform restoration ecologists who wish to reestablish native oak stands but may lack the time and resources to provide much follow-up.
{"title":"Bur Oak Two-Part Inventions: Growth and Reproduction in Two Quercus macrocarpa Cohorts","authors":"Jon K. Piper","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) was once a primary constituent of savannas throughout the Great Plains. Today, however, oak woodlands occupy only a small percentage of their former extent, and so efforts are underway to restore them. This study examined growth of young trees, frequency of acorn production (an index of recruitment potential), and seedling recruitment in two bur oak cohorts, planted in 2007 and 2009, in a mostly unmanaged setting undergoing old field succession. Documenting the variation in growth response is important for predicting rates of establishment and recruitment in woodland restorations where bur oaks are planted with little to no subsequent intervention. Trees grew an average 40.59 cm/year in the 2007 cohort, and 30.49 cm/year in the 2009 cohort. For both cohorts, height was a function of age (2007 cohort: r2 = 0.793; 2009 cohort: r2 = 0.616). In 2022, diameter at breast height (DBH) was a strong predictor of tree height (2007 cohort: r2 = 0.776; 2009 cohort: r2 = 0.927). There was great variation in fruit production among individual trees: annual acorn production varied from ∼1 to ∼45 % of trees in the 2007 cohort and from ∼4 to ∼24 % of trees in the 2009 cohort. In 2022, 81.25 % of randomized 4 m x 4 m quadrats contained bur oak seedlings. It is encouraging that acorn production commenced just a few years after planting and that substantial recruitment from seed began within ten years, suggesting that bur oak stands so established can become self-sustaining. These results can inform restoration ecologists who wish to reestablish native oak stands but may lack the time and resources to provide much follow-up.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"24 2","pages":"11 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) is one of the most damaging pests of alfalfa in Kansas causing crop loss of 10-15% annually. No formal population study has been conducted. The strain distribution of H. postica in Kansas was determined for eight fields located in six major alfalfa growing counties. mDNA from individuals collected at each field location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. Eastern, western and Egyptian strains were recovered with eastern being the dominant strain. All sites examined had populations of eastern and western strains within the same fields. This study is the first reported instance of the Egyptian strain in Kansas. This intergrade of weevil strains may have significant implications for Integrated Pest Management strategies.
苜蓿象鼻虫 Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) 是堪萨斯州危害苜蓿最严重的害虫之一，每年造成 10-15% 的作物损失。目前还没有进行过正式的种群研究。我们对堪萨斯州六个主要紫花苜蓿种植县的八块田地进行了研究，确定了 H. postica 的菌株分布。发现了东部、西部和埃及菌株，其中东部菌株为优势菌株。所有考察点的同一块田里都有东部和西部菌株的种群。这项研究是堪萨斯州首次报道埃及菌株。这种象鼻虫品系的相互分化可能会对虫害综合防治战略产生重大影响。
{"title":"A Population Study of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Kansas","authors":"Joanna C. Gress, Jade Horn, Nathaniel Skinner","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0110","url":null,"abstract":"The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) is one of the most damaging pests of alfalfa in Kansas causing crop loss of 10-15% annually. No formal population study has been conducted. The strain distribution of H. postica in Kansas was determined for eight fields located in six major alfalfa growing counties. mDNA from individuals collected at each field location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. Eastern, western and Egyptian strains were recovered with eastern being the dominant strain. All sites examined had populations of eastern and western strains within the same fields. This study is the first reported instance of the Egyptian strain in Kansas. This intergrade of weevil strains may have significant implications for Integrated Pest Management strategies.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"404 2","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 155th Annual Meeting of the Kansas Academy of Science McPherson College, McPherson, KS, April 14-15, 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"6 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136228657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photo Essay: Observations on the Survival of An Injured Great White Egret (Ardea alba) at High Park, Derby, Kansas","authors":"M. Everhart","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"44 7","pages":"55 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic global climate change is contributing to the mass extinction of wildlife across the globe. The protection of biodiversity in freshwater environments ensures economically beneficial ecosystem services are maintained. Freshwater ecosystems are hotspots for biodiversity and have higher levels of imperiled organisms compared to terrestrial and marine systems. The objective of this study was to develop an aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) protocol that increases detection sensitivity to target rare and endangered aquatic organisms in Kansas. The Cylindrical Papershell mussel (Anodontoides ferussacianus) was listed as endangered in Kansas in 2019 and was used for protocol development due to its contracting distribution and low population density. While this species was used in the development of the protocol, the objective of this protocol is not restricted to this species. Following this protocol, Cylindrical Papershell DNA was detected at a sensitivity of 1.7 parts per billion in 1 L of water. Increasing detection sensitivity will be necessary for successful conservation strategies as we proceed through the Anthropocene due to compounding costs associated with monitoring and managing an increasing number of declining populations. This protocol, in conjunction with traditional sampling efforts, will aid in future monitoring and recovery plans of native aquatic species.
人为的全球气候变化正在导致全球野生动物的大规模灭绝。保护淡水环境中的生物多样性可确保维持具有经济效益的生态系统服务。淡水生态系统是生物多样性的热点地区，与陆地和海洋系统相比，淡水生态系统中濒临灭绝的生物数量更多。本研究的目的是开发一种水生环境 DNA（eDNA）协议，提高检测灵敏度，以堪萨斯州的稀有和濒危水生生物为目标。圆筒纸壳贻贝（Anodontoides ferussacianus）于 2019 年被列为堪萨斯州的濒危物种，由于其分布范围收缩且种群密度较低，因此被用于制定方案。虽然该物种被用于制定规程，但本规程的目标并不局限于该物种。根据该方案，在 1 升水中检测到圆柱形纸壳 DNA 的灵敏度为十亿分之 1.7。由于监测和管理数量日益减少的种群所需的成本不断增加，因此在人类世的过程中，提高检测灵敏度是成功实施保护战略的必要条件。该方案与传统的取样工作相结合，将有助于未来本地水生物种的监测和恢复计划。
{"title":"Increasing Detection Sensitivity for Rare and Endangered Species in Kansas through Development of An Aquatic Environmental DNA Sampling Protocol","authors":"Sara Hallyburton, William Stark","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic global climate change is contributing to the mass extinction of wildlife across the globe. The protection of biodiversity in freshwater environments ensures economically beneficial ecosystem services are maintained. Freshwater ecosystems are hotspots for biodiversity and have higher levels of imperiled organisms compared to terrestrial and marine systems. The objective of this study was to develop an aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) protocol that increases detection sensitivity to target rare and endangered aquatic organisms in Kansas. The Cylindrical Papershell mussel (Anodontoides ferussacianus) was listed as endangered in Kansas in 2019 and was used for protocol development due to its contracting distribution and low population density. While this species was used in the development of the protocol, the objective of this protocol is not restricted to this species. Following this protocol, Cylindrical Papershell DNA was detected at a sensitivity of 1.7 parts per billion in 1 L of water. Increasing detection sensitivity will be necessary for successful conservation strategies as we proceed through the Anthropocene due to compounding costs associated with monitoring and managing an increasing number of declining populations. This protocol, in conjunction with traditional sampling efforts, will aid in future monitoring and recovery plans of native aquatic species.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"164 1","pages":"102 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: For Want of Wings – A Bird with Teeth and a Dinosaur in the Family","authors":"M. Everhart","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"78 6","pages":"81 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dung counts can be a cheap and effective way to estimate herbivore density across grassland and savanna ecosystems. However, estimating animal density requires information on the decay rate of dung and the animal's defecation rate. Before the arrival of Europeans, the American Bison (Bison bison) was one of the most widespread megafauna in North America. Yet, we are unaware of any study that has quantified the fundamental measurements of dung decay and deposition rates in bison. This study aimed to determine the dung decay rate and defecation rate of bison to estimate population size and habitat usage. The decay rate of bison dung was tracked by revisiting cohorts of dung piles throughout the year for an average of 184 days using a five-class classification system to track the decay process. Only 23 of our 78 dung piles fully decayed within the 168 to 211 days of tracking, with an average of 101 days for decay, which is substantially slower than similar megafauna, such as cattle and cape buffalo. However, using a decay class system instead of full decay is useful in tracking bison habitat usage because dung transitions to class 4 over a consistent 25 to 30 days. Based on video recordings in autumn, the average defecation rate of bison was calculated to be approximately 10.7 dung piles per animal per day. These results can be used to track bison habitat usage in grassland ecosystems, with especially high accuracy of usage in the last 30 days.
{"title":"Bison (Bison bison) dung Decays Slowly but Can Still be Used to Track Short- and Long-Term Habitat Usage","authors":"Brynn Noble, Zak Ratajczak","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0114","url":null,"abstract":"Dung counts can be a cheap and effective way to estimate herbivore density across grassland and savanna ecosystems. However, estimating animal density requires information on the decay rate of dung and the animal's defecation rate. Before the arrival of Europeans, the American Bison (Bison bison) was one of the most widespread megafauna in North America. Yet, we are unaware of any study that has quantified the fundamental measurements of dung decay and deposition rates in bison. This study aimed to determine the dung decay rate and defecation rate of bison to estimate population size and habitat usage. The decay rate of bison dung was tracked by revisiting cohorts of dung piles throughout the year for an average of 184 days using a five-class classification system to track the decay process. Only 23 of our 78 dung piles fully decayed within the 168 to 211 days of tracking, with an average of 101 days for decay, which is substantially slower than similar megafauna, such as cattle and cape buffalo. However, using a decay class system instead of full decay is useful in tracking bison habitat usage because dung transitions to class 4 over a consistent 25 to 30 days. Based on video recordings in autumn, the average defecation rate of bison was calculated to be approximately 10.7 dung piles per animal per day. These results can be used to track bison habitat usage in grassland ecosystems, with especially high accuracy of usage in the last 30 days.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"91 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fundamental, Quantum Mechanical description of photoactivation of a generic photosensitizer (PS) and the ensuing transfer of energy to endogenous oxygen as part of the Type II pathway to photodamage during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presented. The PS and molecular oxygen are approximated as two-electron molecules. Conservation of energy and of angular momenta of the two molecule system are abided via selection rules throughout the four-stage process, including initial states, absorption of a photon by the PS, conversion of the PS to an excited spin triplet via intersystem crossing (ISC), and the transition of molecular oxygen to an excited spin singlet state via a Triplet-Triplet Exchange of electrons with the PS. The provided description of photosensitization will provide students and researchers with a fundamental introduction to PDT, while offering the broader population of Quantum Mechanics and Physical Chemistry students an advanced example of quantum systems in an applied, medical context.
{"title":"A Quantum Mechanical Description of Photosensitization in Photodynamic Therapy Using a Two-Electron Molecule Approximation","authors":"Vincent M Rossi","doi":"10.1660/062.126.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.126.0104","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental, Quantum Mechanical description of photoactivation of a generic photosensitizer (PS) and the ensuing transfer of energy to endogenous oxygen as part of the Type II pathway to photodamage during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presented. The PS and molecular oxygen are approximated as two-electron molecules. Conservation of energy and of angular momenta of the two molecule system are abided via selection rules throughout the four-stage process, including initial states, absorption of a photon by the PS, conversion of the PS to an excited spin triplet via intersystem crossing (ISC), and the transition of molecular oxygen to an excited spin singlet state via a Triplet-Triplet Exchange of electrons with the PS. The provided description of photosensitization will provide students and researchers with a fundamental introduction to PDT, while offering the broader population of Quantum Mechanics and Physical Chemistry students an advanced example of quantum systems in an applied, medical context.","PeriodicalId":23234,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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