Solar and renewable energies applications got a great interest and attention in the last few decades. Problems related to CO2 emissions, air pollution, Ozone layer depletion, global warming and environment issues raise the necessity for getting a clean and safe energy. For this purpose, the Center for Solar Energy Studies (CSERS) in Libya conducted a huge research work in different applications for solar and renewable energies. One of these important activities is the Solar Gradient Solar Pond technology. It is an effective solar energy collection and storage system which presents a relatively simple and economic method of providing low grade energy with the advantage of annual storage cycle.This paper presents a general review on researches and studies on solar ponds that were conducted by CSERS research team. Tajoura’s Experimental Solar Pond (TESP) is designed as an experimental facility enabling the investigation of various aspects of pond performance. It is constructed by the Center for Solar Energy Studies, in joint cooperation with a Swiss company, with a surface area of about 830 m2, and a depth of 2.5 m, coupled with an evaporative pond of 105 m2 area and 1.5 m deep, equipped with all necessary equipments and measuring control system.The paper also shows the experience of operating MSF desalination unit coupled with TESP solar pond. Finally, other factors affecting the solar pond’s thermal stability were also discussed.
{"title":"Review on Solar Ponds in Libya","authors":"A. Ramadan, K. R. Agha","doi":"10.51646/JSESD.V7I3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/JSESD.V7I3.79","url":null,"abstract":"Solar and renewable energies applications got a great interest and attention in the last few decades. Problems related to CO2 emissions, air pollution, Ozone layer depletion, global warming and environment issues raise the necessity for getting a clean and safe energy. For this purpose, the Center for Solar Energy Studies (CSERS) in Libya conducted a huge research work in different applications for solar and renewable energies. One of these important activities is the Solar Gradient Solar Pond technology. It is an effective solar energy collection and storage system which presents a relatively simple and economic method of providing low grade energy with the advantage of annual storage cycle.This paper presents a general review on researches and studies on solar ponds that were conducted by CSERS research team. Tajoura’s Experimental Solar Pond (TESP) is designed as an experimental facility enabling the investigation of various aspects of pond performance. It is constructed by the Center for Solar Energy Studies, in joint cooperation with a Swiss company, with a surface area of about 830 m2, and a depth of 2.5 m, coupled with an evaporative pond of 105 m2 area and 1.5 m deep, equipped with all necessary equipments and measuring control system.The paper also shows the experience of operating MSF desalination unit coupled with TESP solar pond. Finally, other factors affecting the solar pond’s thermal stability were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdunnabi, Ibrahim Rohuma, Essam Endya, E. Belal
This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history and the best practices of solar water heaters in Libya. Although, Libya is blessed with high solar potential, there is no wide-spread implementation of this technology due to many reasons such as: the cheap price of both electricity and electric water heaters, lack of clear and systematic policy, and lack of environmental awareness. The Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) has given attention to this technology since its establishment in 1978, and the solar water heating system field test project is one of the research projects in the Center. The paper has shown that there was no attention paid to this technology and even to renewable energy in general in the previous years. However, preliminary information clearly shows the importance of continuing research in this field. Numerous valuable information on solar water heating systems from literature were dedicated and made available for researchers and decision makers. The studies conducted in this field for Libya are arranged in this review on the bases of the topic studied: performance evaluation, optimization, on-site measurements and policies and strategies. One of the most important results retrieved from these studies show that the daily quantity of hot water withdrawn per capita at 45 °C is estimated around 60 liters. The estimated annual amount of energy consumed for water heating per person is 510 kWh. For average Libyan family of six persons, the annual amount of energy consumed per dwelling is estimated about 3060 kWh. The review also presented the history of solar water heaters implementation, manufacturing and testing facilities for quality control in Libya. The study calls upon the Libyan decision makers to take their responsibility and put an urgent action plan to help the wide-spread implementation of solar water heaters in the residential, services and industrial sectors. Such a plan will surely alleviate the ever increasing demand for electricity, save fossil fuel reserves and mitigate GHG emissions.
{"title":"Review on solar water heating in Libya","authors":"M. Abdunnabi, Ibrahim Rohuma, Essam Endya, E. Belal","doi":"10.51646/JSESD.V7I3.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/JSESD.V7I3.76","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history and the best practices of solar water heaters in Libya. Although, Libya is blessed with high solar potential, there is no wide-spread implementation of this technology due to many reasons such as: the cheap price of both electricity and electric water heaters, lack of clear and systematic policy, and lack of environmental awareness. The Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) has given attention to this technology since its establishment in 1978, and the solar water heating system field test project is one of the research projects in the Center. The paper has shown that there was no attention paid to this technology and even to renewable energy in general in the previous years. However, preliminary information clearly shows the importance of continuing research in this field. Numerous valuable information on solar water heating systems from literature were dedicated and made available for researchers and decision makers. The studies conducted in this field for Libya are arranged in this review on the bases of the topic studied: performance evaluation, optimization, on-site measurements and policies and strategies. One of the most important results retrieved from these studies show that the daily quantity of hot water withdrawn per capita at 45 °C is estimated around 60 liters. The estimated annual amount of energy consumed for water heating per person is 510 kWh. For average Libyan family of six persons, the annual amount of energy consumed per dwelling is estimated about 3060 kWh. The review also presented the history of solar water heaters implementation, manufacturing and testing facilities for quality control in Libya. The study calls upon the Libyan decision makers to take their responsibility and put an urgent action plan to help the wide-spread implementation of solar water heaters in the residential, services and industrial sectors. Such a plan will surely alleviate the ever increasing demand for electricity, save fossil fuel reserves and mitigate GHG emissions.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126443175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the manner of energy consumption in Libyan street lighting systems and general road section. It also suggests proposal system with two cases of operation for an attempt to apply the energy saving program by adopting an optimum method in order to decrease the demand of energy in this section and to reduce the use of uneconomic equipment.The proposal system in this paper introduces the Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting technology to be used instead of traditional luminaries High Pressure Sodium (HPS). The proposed system is divided into two cases. The first case discusses the replacement of traditional luminaries (HPS) with energy saving luminaries (LED), while second case explains how integrating control node (dynamic dimmer) into LED in order to dim output lighting in streets will save more energy.This study reaches a result that a significant amount of energy of %47 (about 1092.23 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in street lighting sector could be saved if first case is applied. Moreover, it suggests that more energy of %58 (about 1380.02 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in the same sector cloud be saved if the second case is adopted.
{"title":"Energy Saving Potential of Dynamic Lighting Control in Street Lighting Systems in Libya","authors":"Salah M Alabani","doi":"10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.69","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the manner of energy consumption in Libyan street lighting systems and general road section. It also suggests proposal system with two cases of operation for an attempt to apply the energy saving program by adopting an optimum method in order to decrease the demand of energy in this section and to reduce the use of uneconomic equipment.The proposal system in this paper introduces the Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting technology to be used instead of traditional luminaries High Pressure Sodium (HPS). The proposed system is divided into two cases. The first case discusses the replacement of traditional luminaries (HPS) with energy saving luminaries (LED), while second case explains how integrating control node (dynamic dimmer) into LED in order to dim output lighting in streets will save more energy.This study reaches a result that a significant amount of energy of %47 (about 1092.23 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in street lighting sector could be saved if first case is applied. Moreover, it suggests that more energy of %58 (about 1380.02 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in the same sector cloud be saved if the second case is adopted.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114529767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) of Tripoli city, the capital of Libya was presented and analyzed using twelve year of measured weather data, this data includes global solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed. The measurements were taken every ten minutes. Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method was applied to analyze the data and obtain the TMY for the site. Typical Meteorological Months (TMMs) were selected by choosing the one with the least deviation from the long-term cumulative distribution function. A close-fit agreement is observed between the generated TMY and the long-term averages. Thus TMY generated will be very useful tool for optimal design and performance evaluation of solar energy conversion systems, heating, wind, and other renewable energy systems to be located in this part of Libya.
{"title":"The Generation of Typical Meteorological Year for Tripoli, Libya","authors":"Yosof M. Khalifa, Farag S. Alargt","doi":"10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.68","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this paper a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) of Tripoli city, the capital of Libya was presented and analyzed using twelve year of measured weather data, this data includes global solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed. The measurements were taken every ten minutes. Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method was applied to analyze the data and obtain the TMY for the site. Typical Meteorological Months (TMMs) were selected by choosing the one with the least deviation from the long-term cumulative distribution function. A close-fit agreement is observed between the generated TMY and the long-term averages. Thus TMY generated will be very useful tool for optimal design and performance evaluation of solar energy conversion systems, heating, wind, and other renewable energy systems to be located in this part of Libya. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdunnabi, A. Abusalama, M. Algamil, M. Almontaser
Water heating in Libyan domestic sector represents over 29% of the total electrical consumption. There is a great potential of hot water usage in the industrial and other sectors. Solar energy can play vital role in providing hot water to the residential and industrial sectors. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental investigation are undertaken to study the enhancement of thermosyphon solar water heater with flat plate collector system through design, manufacturing and implementation of a single axis tracking. The collector tracks the sun in a band angle equal to 70° from east to west with surface tilted angle of 45° from the horizontal. The design and manufacturing processes of the tracking system and assembling to the thermosyphon systems are presented. Numerical simulations are carried out using TRNSYS software where several cases of one axis and two axis tracking systems are simulated and presented in this paper. TRNSYS simulation results indicate that 38% extra energy can be harnessed in case of single-axis tracking system over stationary one. Experimental testing of designed tracking system are performed along with stationary identical system for several months, substantial amount of data are. The results show that the performance is enhanced by an average value of 21.17% over stationary one. This result is considered to be very reasonable compared with the theoretical one. The additional cost incurred due to the inclusion of the tracking system is estimated to be 20.4%.
{"title":"Flat Plate Based- Solar System With a Tracking System","authors":"M. Abdunnabi, A. Abusalama, M. Algamil, M. Almontaser","doi":"10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/JSESD.V7I1.65","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Water heating in Libyan domestic sector represents over 29% of the total electrical consumption. There is a great potential of hot water usage in the industrial and other sectors. Solar energy can play vital role in providing hot water to the residential and industrial sectors. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental investigation are undertaken to study the enhancement of thermosyphon solar water heater with flat plate collector system through design, manufacturing and implementation of a single axis tracking. The collector tracks the sun in a band angle equal to 70° from east to west with surface tilted angle of 45° from the horizontal. The design and manufacturing processes of the tracking system and assembling to the thermosyphon systems are presented. Numerical simulations are carried out using TRNSYS software where several cases of one axis and two axis tracking systems are simulated and presented in this paper. TRNSYS simulation results indicate that 38% extra energy can be harnessed in case of single-axis tracking system over stationary one. Experimental testing of designed tracking system are performed along with stationary identical system for several months, substantial amount of data are. The results show that the performance is enhanced by an average value of 21.17% over stationary one. This result is considered to be very reasonable compared with the theoretical one. The additional cost incurred due to the inclusion of the tracking system is estimated to be 20.4%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133090682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lowest portion of the atmosphere is vital to lives, infrastructure, and activities. It means air quality, air motion and momentum, solar and wind energy, and weather safety measures. Wind speed observations at three diffrent heights for three Libyan coastal sites; Magron, Musrata and Darnah, were documented and analysed. Wind speed profies were estimated employing the two common methods: logarithmic wind and power law profies. Th seasonal and annual patterns, and atmospheric stabilityclassifiations were obtained. Th daily wind shear variation and wind velocity profies were determined at diffrent atmospheric stability conditions, neutral, stable and unstable.The results confim that the highest wind shear occurs during stable conditions at night and for longer in winter days, and the lowest during unstable and neutral atmospheric conditions near midday specially in summer days. Non-dimensional wind speed profies were obtained and their behaviour was identifid and compared. Th available wind energy history was evaluated considering the effct of atmospheric stability conditions on the estimated extracted energy for each site
{"title":"The Inflence of the Atmospheric Stability Conditions on the Available Wind Energy for Three Libyan Coastal Cities","authors":"A. Abdalla, W. El-Osta, E. Dekam","doi":"10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.43","url":null,"abstract":"The lowest portion of the atmosphere is vital to lives, infrastructure, and activities. It means air quality, air motion and momentum, solar and wind energy, and weather safety measures. Wind speed observations at three diffrent heights for three Libyan coastal sites; Magron, Musrata and Darnah, were documented and analysed. Wind speed profies were estimated employing the two common methods: logarithmic wind and power law profies. Th seasonal and annual patterns, and atmospheric stabilityclassifiations were obtained. Th daily wind shear variation and wind velocity profies were determined at diffrent atmospheric stability conditions, neutral, stable and unstable.The results confim that the highest wind shear occurs during stable conditions at night and for longer in winter days, and the lowest during unstable and neutral atmospheric conditions near midday specially in summer days. Non-dimensional wind speed profies were obtained and their behaviour was identifid and compared. Th available wind energy history was evaluated considering the effct of atmospheric stability conditions on the estimated extracted energy for each site","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132375040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As in today´s world, the dramatic increase in world’s population, the rapid depleting of conventional fuels (Fossil Fuels) as well as the environmental impact have lef us no choice but to discover alternative energy sources. In fact, this would ensure a better and safer life on this earth and this will only be accomplished by using the best option of nonconventional and non-exhaustible sources of energy, which is the solar energy. Th current study is aimed at evaluating the availability and potentiality of direct and diffsesolar radiations in three diffrent locations in Libya within diffrent latitudes. Thee diffrent locations with diffrent values of measured daily solar radiation are opted for comparison purposes. This daily solar radiation data are used to create an hourly database of solar radiation. Th mathematical framework for the prediction and assessment has been chosen to be the Microsof Excel. The resultant monthly, daily and hourly diffse fraction relative to their clearance indexes have been in very good agreement with existing research. Moreover, one of the main fidings of this attempt is that this study has claimed and justifid the usefulness of direct radiation in operating the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, attributed to its overall magnitude of approximately 75% of the global radiation, particularly at the summer season.
{"title":"Prediction and Assessment of Direct and Diffse Radiation Fractions for Hourly, Daily and Monthly Average Global Radiation at Diffrent Latitude Locations in Libya","authors":"F. Ahwide","doi":"10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.42","url":null,"abstract":"As in today´s world, the dramatic increase in world’s population, the rapid depleting of conventional fuels (Fossil Fuels) as well as the environmental impact have lef us no choice but to discover alternative energy sources. In fact, this would ensure a better and safer life on this earth and this will only be accomplished by using the best option of nonconventional and non-exhaustible sources of energy, which is the solar energy. Th current study is aimed at evaluating the availability and potentiality of direct and diffsesolar radiations in three diffrent locations in Libya within diffrent latitudes. Thee diffrent locations with diffrent values of measured daily solar radiation are opted for comparison purposes. This daily solar radiation data are used to create an hourly database of solar radiation. Th mathematical framework for the prediction and assessment has been chosen to be the Microsof Excel. The resultant monthly, daily and hourly diffse fraction relative to their clearance indexes have been in very good agreement with existing research. Moreover, one of the main fidings of this attempt is that this study has claimed and justifid the usefulness of direct radiation in operating the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, attributed to its overall magnitude of approximately 75% of the global radiation, particularly at the summer season.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance and the thermal behavior of the solar chimney were investigated experimentally. The experimental data were collected from small pilot solar chimney which was designed and constructed at Sabratha Faculty of Engineering-Libya. Solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work, thus, to have more stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. In order to investigate the temperature fild during daylight and hours of darkness, the data were collected for a period of 24 hours for several days of months, May and June 2014. Th investigation also include the effctof thermal storage on the temperature fild. Th solar chimney system contains two main components; the solar collector and the solar chimney. Th solar collector roof has a circular area of 126 m2. A PVC pipe 0.2 m in diameter and 9 m in height was used as a chimney. Water containers were put as thermal blocks to study the effct of thermal storage on the performance of solar chimney. The measurements included the intensity of solar radiation inside/outside the collector, temperature and velocity of heated air at the entrance of the chimney, temperature and speed of wind outside the collector, temperature of the ground inside the collector and temperature measurements of air at particular points at diffrent levels throughout the collector. Solar irradiance was found to affct the chimney temperature and subsequently chimney air velocity. The temperature diffrence between the hot air at chimney entrance and the ambient reached about 45 °C, which generates the driving force of airflw in the chimney. Th hot air velocity in the chimney can reach 3.6 m/s (≈ 0.118 kg/sec). Wind speed was found to have a small inflence on the performance of the solar chimney.The results indicate that the solar chimney system can operate in northwestern Libya. If this type of system is used on a large scale it can trap solar radiation and store a suffient amount of heat through the use of additional heat storage such as water, which raises the air temperature in the collector aftr sunset to a suffient value capable of generating air flw for a long time to run turbines to produce electricity during the day and aftr sunset especially during the summer time.
{"title":"Investigation of Solar Chimney System and the Effct of Thrmal Storage Capacity on the System Performance Part I: Experimental Investigation","authors":"Rabia AL. Galia, B. Arebi, Essaied M. Shuia","doi":"10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"The performance and the thermal behavior of the solar chimney were investigated experimentally. The experimental data were collected from small pilot solar chimney which was designed and constructed at Sabratha Faculty of Engineering-Libya. Solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work, thus, to have more stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. In order to investigate the temperature fild during daylight and hours of darkness, the data were collected for a period of 24 hours for several days of months, May and June 2014. Th investigation also include the effctof thermal storage on the temperature fild. Th solar chimney system contains two main components; the solar collector and the solar chimney. Th solar collector roof has a circular area of 126 m2. A PVC pipe 0.2 m in diameter and 9 m in height was used as a chimney. Water containers were put as thermal blocks to study the effct of thermal storage on the performance of solar chimney. The measurements included the intensity of solar radiation inside/outside the collector, temperature and velocity of heated air at the entrance of the chimney, temperature and speed of wind outside the collector, temperature of the ground inside the collector and temperature measurements of air at particular points at diffrent levels throughout the collector. Solar irradiance was found to affct the chimney temperature and subsequently chimney air velocity. The temperature diffrence between the hot air at chimney entrance and the ambient reached about 45 °C, which generates the driving force of airflw in the chimney. Th hot air velocity in the chimney can reach 3.6 m/s (≈ 0.118 kg/sec). Wind speed was found to have a small inflence on the performance of the solar chimney.The results indicate that the solar chimney system can operate in northwestern Libya. If this type of system is used on a large scale it can trap solar radiation and store a suffient amount of heat through the use of additional heat storage such as water, which raises the air temperature in the collector aftr sunset to a suffient value capable of generating air flw for a long time to run turbines to produce electricity during the day and aftr sunset especially during the summer time.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123194269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Aldali, K. Morad, Nabil A. S. Elminshawy, F. Ahwide
A mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of the integrated solar/hybrid desalination system. The novel hybrid desalination system in this study consists of multi-stage thermal vapor compression (TVC) system and spiral wound air-gap membrane desalination (AGMD) units. The hot brine rejected from each evaporator stage of TVC system is used as the hot feed to the AGM unit. The parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) fild with direct steam generation was considered as solar system. At solar time, the solar fild generates a portion of motive steam required to operate the TVC system while the remaining part is generated by the boiler. Th results of this study show that the rate of distilled water from TVC system is 3415 L/h (20.56 L/h.m2) and from the AGMD units is 150 L/h (6.944 L/h.m2) and the annual saving of natural gas (NG) consumption by using PTCs fild is 24 tons. Th economic study has indicated that the benefi/cost ratio from of the use of PTCs fild to generate a portion of motive steam is 2.1 and the production cost of 1 m3 of distilled water from AGMD units is 0.9 $ in comparison with 0.45-2.51 $ from diffrent types of water desalination systems.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Integrated Solar/Hybrid Desalination System","authors":"Y. Aldali, K. Morad, Nabil A. S. Elminshawy, F. Ahwide","doi":"10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v6i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of the integrated solar/hybrid desalination system. The novel hybrid desalination system in this study consists of multi-stage thermal vapor compression (TVC) system and spiral wound air-gap membrane desalination (AGMD) units. The hot brine rejected from each evaporator stage of TVC system is used as the hot feed to the AGM unit. The parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) fild with direct steam generation was considered as solar system. At solar time, the solar fild generates a portion of motive steam required to operate the TVC system while the remaining part is generated by the boiler. Th results of this study show that the rate of distilled water from TVC system is 3415 L/h (20.56 L/h.m2) and from the AGMD units is 150 L/h (6.944 L/h.m2) and the annual saving of natural gas (NG) consumption by using PTCs fild is 24 tons. Th economic study has indicated that the benefi/cost ratio from of the use of PTCs fild to generate a portion of motive steam is 2.1 and the production cost of 1 m3 of distilled water from AGMD units is 0.9 $ in comparison with 0.45-2.51 $ from diffrent types of water desalination systems.","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the optimum sizing of active solar water heaters for the residential sector in Libya according to family size, typical weather conditions, and typical operating conditions. An active solar water heating system model built in TRNSYS was used to evaluate the thermal performance of the system, while the optimization process was accomplished using the genetic algorithm technique. Nine design parameters were chosen for the optimization, and their search space of the problem under investigation was defied.Three Libyan family sizes were suggested for the investigation for optimum solar water heaters; 4, 6, and 8 people. The Pareto optimal front of the cost function for the three cases was plotted as a function of system’s solar fraction. The design parameters of some feasible non-dominated solutions are presented in tables. These results confirm the effectiveness of using the genetic algorithm technique for solar water heating system optimization
{"title":"Optimum Sizing of Residential Active Solar Water Heating Systems for Libyan Families","authors":"M. Abdunnabi, M. Al-Ahjal, Ibrahim Rahoma","doi":"10.51646/jsesd.v6i1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v6i1.58","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the optimum sizing of active solar water heaters for the residential sector in Libya according to family size, typical weather conditions, and typical operating conditions. An active solar water heating system model built in TRNSYS was used to evaluate the thermal performance of the system, while the optimization process was accomplished using the genetic algorithm technique. Nine design parameters were chosen for the optimization, and their search space of the problem under investigation was defied.Three Libyan family sizes were suggested for the investigation for optimum solar water heaters; 4, 6, and 8 people. The Pareto optimal front of the cost function for the three cases was plotted as a function of system’s solar fraction. The design parameters of some feasible non-dominated solutions are presented in tables. These results confirm the effectiveness of using the genetic algorithm technique for solar water heating system optimization","PeriodicalId":232564,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125220906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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