Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221261
Aravind Ganesh Pathapati, N. Chakradhar, Pnvssk Havish, Sai Ashish Somayajula, Saidhiraj Amuru
In this paper, we aim to design an end-to-end deep learning architecture for a broadcast MIMO system with precoding at the transmitter. The objective is to transmit interferencefree data streams to multiple users over a wireless channel. We propose end-to-end learning of communication systems modelled as a Deep autoencoder network with a novel cost function to achieve this goal. This architecture enables optimization of the transmitter and receiver network weights jointly over a wireless channel. We also introduce a way to precode the transmitter embeddings before transmission. An end-to-end training of the autoencoder framework of transmitter-receiver pairs is employed while training the proposed transmit-precoded MIMO system model. Several numerical evaluations over Rayleigh block-fading (RBF) channels with slow fading are presented to prove this approach. Specific training methods are suggested to improve performance over RBF channels in this paper.
{"title":"Supervised Deep Learning for MIMO Precoding","authors":"Aravind Ganesh Pathapati, N. Chakradhar, Pnvssk Havish, Sai Ashish Somayajula, Saidhiraj Amuru","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221261","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we aim to design an end-to-end deep learning architecture for a broadcast MIMO system with precoding at the transmitter. The objective is to transmit interferencefree data streams to multiple users over a wireless channel. We propose end-to-end learning of communication systems modelled as a Deep autoencoder network with a novel cost function to achieve this goal. This architecture enables optimization of the transmitter and receiver network weights jointly over a wireless channel. We also introduce a way to precode the transmitter embeddings before transmission. An end-to-end training of the autoencoder framework of transmitter-receiver pairs is employed while training the proposed transmit-precoded MIMO system model. Several numerical evaluations over Rayleigh block-fading (RBF) channels with slow fading are presented to prove this approach. Specific training methods are suggested to improve performance over RBF channels in this paper.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221441
Debdas Barik, J. Sanyal, T. Samanta
The commercial implementation of 5G networks in the recent past has contributed to the advent of an enhanced digital connective experience for users around the world. Among the various services offered by 5G networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has emerged as an important strategy, allowing efficient resource utilization with the balancing of network load, both of which are critical issues. 5GD2D networks are however vulnerable to malicious users perpetrating attacks such as Denial-of-Service (DoS). The present work examines a probable DoS attack strategy for double auction game based resource trading in 5GD2D networks. The auction game based DoS attack dealt with in the present work degrades service through disincentivization of buyers and sellers to participate in the double auction. The paper then presents a strategy to mitigate such a DoS attack. The mathematical proof of the proposed method is presented along with corresponding simulation results confirming the veracity of the presented approach.
{"title":"Prevention of Denial-of-Service Attacks in 5GD2D Wireless Communication Networks Employing Double Auction Game Based Resource Trading","authors":"Debdas Barik, J. Sanyal, T. Samanta","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221441","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial implementation of 5G networks in the recent past has contributed to the advent of an enhanced digital connective experience for users around the world. Among the various services offered by 5G networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has emerged as an important strategy, allowing efficient resource utilization with the balancing of network load, both of which are critical issues. 5GD2D networks are however vulnerable to malicious users perpetrating attacks such as Denial-of-Service (DoS). The present work examines a probable DoS attack strategy for double auction game based resource trading in 5GD2D networks. The auction game based DoS attack dealt with in the present work degrades service through disincentivization of buyers and sellers to participate in the double auction. The paper then presents a strategy to mitigate such a DoS attack. The mathematical proof of the proposed method is presented along with corresponding simulation results confirming the veracity of the presented approach.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127187251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221093
A. Reddy, Navin Kumar, Tirumalasetty Sri Sai Apoorva, S. Srinivasan, Vinosh Babu James
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is currently deliberating on the finalization of candidate radio interface technologies (RITs) for IMT-2020 (International Mobile Telecommunications) suitability. The candidate technologies are currently being evaluated and after a couple of ITU-Radiocommunication sector (ITU-R) working party (WP) meetings, they will become official. Although, products based on the candidate technology from 3GPP (5G new radio (NR)) is already commercial in several operator networks, the ITU is yet to officially declare it as IMT-2020 qualified. Along with evaluation of the 3GPP 5G NR specifications, our group has evaluated many other proponent technologies. 3GPP entire specifications were examined and evaluated through simulation using Matlab and using own developed simulator which is based on the Go-language. The simulator can evaluate complete 5G NR performance using the IMT-2020 evaluation framework. In this work, we are presenting latency parameters which has shown some minor differences from the 3GPP report. Especially, for time division duplexing (TDD) mode of operation, the differences are observed. It might be possible that the differences are due to assumptions made outside the scope of the evaluation. However, we considered the worst case parameter. Although, the report is submitted to ITU but it is also important for the research community to understand why the differences and what were the assumptions in scenario for which differences are observed.
{"title":"Latency Analysis for IMT-2020 Radio Interface Technology Evaluation","authors":"A. Reddy, Navin Kumar, Tirumalasetty Sri Sai Apoorva, S. Srinivasan, Vinosh Babu James","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221093","url":null,"abstract":"The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is currently deliberating on the finalization of candidate radio interface technologies (RITs) for IMT-2020 (International Mobile Telecommunications) suitability. The candidate technologies are currently being evaluated and after a couple of ITU-Radiocommunication sector (ITU-R) working party (WP) meetings, they will become official. Although, products based on the candidate technology from 3GPP (5G new radio (NR)) is already commercial in several operator networks, the ITU is yet to officially declare it as IMT-2020 qualified. Along with evaluation of the 3GPP 5G NR specifications, our group has evaluated many other proponent technologies. 3GPP entire specifications were examined and evaluated through simulation using Matlab and using own developed simulator which is based on the Go-language. The simulator can evaluate complete 5G NR performance using the IMT-2020 evaluation framework. In this work, we are presenting latency parameters which has shown some minor differences from the 3GPP report. Especially, for time division duplexing (TDD) mode of operation, the differences are observed. It might be possible that the differences are due to assumptions made outside the scope of the evaluation. However, we considered the worst case parameter. Although, the report is submitted to ITU but it is also important for the research community to understand why the differences and what were the assumptions in scenario for which differences are observed.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126573721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221188
Tomoaki Kanaya, Nobuo Tabata, Saneyasu Yamaguchi
5G (the fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks) is attracting attention as a new cellular network technology. This can achieve communication with lower latency and wider bandwidth comparing with 4G, which is the fourth generation. In addition, many of the current communications use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and it is expected that 5G’s these features have a large effect on the behaviors of TCP congestion control algorithms. In this paper, we focus on CUBIC TCP and TCP BBR, which are the most widely used congestion control algorithm and most getting attention one, and investigate the performance behaviors of these TCP algorithms in the 5G environment. First, we evaluate the change of throughputs of these algorithms over time in a practical 5G network using real 5G devices. We then show some unique behaviors. That is, their throughputs fluctuate in the long term, such as with a cycle of some minutes, CUBIC TCP outperforms TCP BBR most of the time, and their throughputs are sometimes extremely unfair, for example, their performance is more than 100 times different. Second, we investigate the change of the internal variables of both TCP algorithms, such as congestion window size and estimated bottleneck bandwidth, and reveal the reason of unique behaviors.
5G(第五代蜂窝网络技术标准)作为一种新的蜂窝网络技术备受关注。与第四代4G相比，这可以实现更低延迟和更宽带宽的通信。此外，目前很多通信都使用TCP (Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议)，预计5G的这些特性会对TCP拥塞控制算法的行为产生很大的影响。本文以目前应用最广泛、最受关注的拥塞控制算法CUBIC TCP和TCP BBR为研究对象，研究了这两种算法在5G环境下的性能行为。首先，我们在使用真实5G设备的实际5G网络中评估这些算法的吞吐量随时间的变化。然后我们展示一些独特的行为。也就是说，它们的吞吐量在长期内是波动的，例如在几分钟的周期内，CUBIC TCP在大多数情况下优于TCP BBR，并且它们的吞吐量有时非常不公平，例如它们的性能相差100倍以上。其次，我们研究了两种TCP算法的内部变量，如拥塞窗口大小和估计瓶颈带宽的变化，并揭示了独特行为的原因。
{"title":"A Study on Performance of CUBIC TCP and TCP BBR in 5G Environment","authors":"Tomoaki Kanaya, Nobuo Tabata, Saneyasu Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221188","url":null,"abstract":"5G (the fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks) is attracting attention as a new cellular network technology. This can achieve communication with lower latency and wider bandwidth comparing with 4G, which is the fourth generation. In addition, many of the current communications use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and it is expected that 5G’s these features have a large effect on the behaviors of TCP congestion control algorithms. In this paper, we focus on CUBIC TCP and TCP BBR, which are the most widely used congestion control algorithm and most getting attention one, and investigate the performance behaviors of these TCP algorithms in the 5G environment. First, we evaluate the change of throughputs of these algorithms over time in a practical 5G network using real 5G devices. We then show some unique behaviors. That is, their throughputs fluctuate in the long term, such as with a cycle of some minutes, CUBIC TCP outperforms TCP BBR most of the time, and their throughputs are sometimes extremely unfair, for example, their performance is more than 100 times different. Second, we investigate the change of the internal variables of both TCP algorithms, such as congestion window size and estimated bottleneck bandwidth, and reveal the reason of unique behaviors.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221112
Saswati Ghosh, Kunal Singh, D. Sen
The present work highlights the design and development of radio frequency (RF) front-end and baseband architecture for wireless data link at 60 GHz for high speed short range communications. The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology, especially the 60 GHz frequency band (57 - 64GHz) has been found as an attractive choice for 5G indoor communications. However, the special characteristics of mm-wave sets new challenges in the signal processing, circuit, antenna and communication technologies. The antenna beamforming technology employing multiple antennas is considered as a viable solution to increase the link capacity by allowing directional communication. This paper concentrates on the design of RF front end at 60 GHz including a realistic phased array antenna model with non-linear model of power amplifier. The link budget is calculated to establish the feasibility of the system design over the wireless link and also to evaluate the required gain of the phased array. The system performance is estimated in terms of bit error rate (BER).
{"title":"Design of Front-End of Wireless Data Link for Millimeter-wave Indoor Communications","authors":"Saswati Ghosh, Kunal Singh, D. Sen","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221112","url":null,"abstract":"The present work highlights the design and development of radio frequency (RF) front-end and baseband architecture for wireless data link at 60 GHz for high speed short range communications. The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology, especially the 60 GHz frequency band (57 - 64GHz) has been found as an attractive choice for 5G indoor communications. However, the special characteristics of mm-wave sets new challenges in the signal processing, circuit, antenna and communication technologies. The antenna beamforming technology employing multiple antennas is considered as a viable solution to increase the link capacity by allowing directional communication. This paper concentrates on the design of RF front end at 60 GHz including a realistic phased array antenna model with non-linear model of power amplifier. The link budget is calculated to establish the feasibility of the system design over the wireless link and also to evaluate the required gain of the phased array. The system performance is estimated in terms of bit error rate (BER).","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124799991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221471
R. Chandra, D. Sarkar, D. Ganguly, C. Saha, J. Siddiqui, Y. Antar
Design of a compact dual band (28/38 GHz) antenna for sub mm-wave 5G application employing near field resonant parasitic (NFRP) excitation is reported in this article. Two differently sized electrically small stepped impedance resonators (SIR), loaded beneath the substrate and above the superstrate respectively, and parasitically excited by a monopole printed on the top side of the substrate, constitute the basic antenna element contributing to the dual band performance at 28 and 38 GHz. This basic antenna element is further deployed to realize a 2-element MIMO antenna exhibiting excellent impedance and radiation characteristics over both the bands. The design is currently under further investigation and experimental results would be presented during the conference. The proposed antenna exhibiting impedance bandwidth of 3.5 GHz and 1.5 GHz centred at 28 GHz and 38 GHz respectively with satisfactorily low mutual coupling and ECC can serve as a subarray for 5G massive MIMO base stations.
{"title":"Design of NFRP Based SIR-Loaded Two Element MIMO Antenna System for 28/38 GHz sub mm-wave 5G Applications","authors":"R. Chandra, D. Sarkar, D. Ganguly, C. Saha, J. Siddiqui, Y. Antar","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221471","url":null,"abstract":"Design of a compact dual band (28/38 GHz) antenna for sub mm-wave 5G application employing near field resonant parasitic (NFRP) excitation is reported in this article. Two differently sized electrically small stepped impedance resonators (SIR), loaded beneath the substrate and above the superstrate respectively, and parasitically excited by a monopole printed on the top side of the substrate, constitute the basic antenna element contributing to the dual band performance at 28 and 38 GHz. This basic antenna element is further deployed to realize a 2-element MIMO antenna exhibiting excellent impedance and radiation characteristics over both the bands. The design is currently under further investigation and experimental results would be presented during the conference. The proposed antenna exhibiting impedance bandwidth of 3.5 GHz and 1.5 GHz centred at 28 GHz and 38 GHz respectively with satisfactorily low mutual coupling and ECC can serve as a subarray for 5G massive MIMO base stations.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123263549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A number of IMT-2020 candidate technologies including the 3GPP have been submitted to the ITU-R. All candidate technologies are expected to meet the minimum performance requirements set by ITU-R for getting recommended as IMT-2020. In this paper, based on the submissions for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication (DECT-2020 NR) technology, we have evaluated the performances of latency, reliability and connection density as per ITU-R evaluation methodology. We found that the latency requirements can only be met using half-slot transmissions or HARQ-less full-slot transmission in contrary to the results submitted in the self-evaluation report of the DECT-2020 NR. Due to lack of details in the submissions; like the channel and interference modeling between device to device relaying, scheduling and control of relay propagation direction, we could not conclude whether the DECT-2020 NR can meet the minimum performance requirement of connection density of IMT-2020.
{"title":"Assessment of Candidate Technology ETSI: DECT-2020 New Radio","authors":"Vishakha Dhanwani, Navin Kumar, Akhil Kalpesh Bachkaniwala, D. Rawal, Sendil Kumar","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221186","url":null,"abstract":"A number of IMT-2020 candidate technologies including the 3GPP have been submitted to the ITU-R. All candidate technologies are expected to meet the minimum performance requirements set by ITU-R for getting recommended as IMT-2020. In this paper, based on the submissions for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication (DECT-2020 NR) technology, we have evaluated the performances of latency, reliability and connection density as per ITU-R evaluation methodology. We found that the latency requirements can only be met using half-slot transmissions or HARQ-less full-slot transmission in contrary to the results submitted in the self-evaluation report of the DECT-2020 NR. Due to lack of details in the submissions; like the channel and interference modeling between device to device relaying, scheduling and control of relay propagation direction, we could not conclude whether the DECT-2020 NR can meet the minimum performance requirement of connection density of IMT-2020.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131395467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221257
V. Nikam, Anuj Arora, Deeplaxmi Lambture, Jash Zaveri, Prathamesh Shinde, Mayur M. More
With the escalating load on the current 4G network, the requirement for moving up to 5G has shown up. The deployment of a 5G network would deliver the end-users a wide spectrum of technologies. But a random deployment of 5G small cell towers to attain better coverage leads to a high increase in cost, an increase in interference, and also a decrease in resource utilization. To solve this Hyper Dense Deployment Problem (HDDP), a Smart Simulated Annealing algorithm with a heuristic to remove excessive small cells and a heuristic to displace the small cells to achieve greater coverage, is adopted. Two different approaches of displacement are considered, Random Displacement Approach and Probed Displacement Approach. The methodology enhances and optimizes the deployment while taking geospatial entities like vegetation, buildings, road networks, etc. into consideration. The newly devised strategy minimizes the cost, optimizes coverage, and thus enables greater resource utilization. The two approaches to the above methodology are evaluated and compared. The implementation results show that the results in the Probed Displacement Approach are better and have less variation than the results generated in Random Displacement Approach.
{"title":"Optimal Positioning of Small Cells for Coverage and Cost Efficient 5G Network Deployment: A Smart Simulated Annealing Approach","authors":"V. Nikam, Anuj Arora, Deeplaxmi Lambture, Jash Zaveri, Prathamesh Shinde, Mayur M. More","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221257","url":null,"abstract":"With the escalating load on the current 4G network, the requirement for moving up to 5G has shown up. The deployment of a 5G network would deliver the end-users a wide spectrum of technologies. But a random deployment of 5G small cell towers to attain better coverage leads to a high increase in cost, an increase in interference, and also a decrease in resource utilization. To solve this Hyper Dense Deployment Problem (HDDP), a Smart Simulated Annealing algorithm with a heuristic to remove excessive small cells and a heuristic to displace the small cells to achieve greater coverage, is adopted. Two different approaches of displacement are considered, Random Displacement Approach and Probed Displacement Approach. The methodology enhances and optimizes the deployment while taking geospatial entities like vegetation, buildings, road networks, etc. into consideration. The newly devised strategy minimizes the cost, optimizes coverage, and thus enables greater resource utilization. The two approaches to the above methodology are evaluated and compared. The implementation results show that the results in the Probed Displacement Approach are better and have less variation than the results generated in Random Displacement Approach.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126455624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221138
L. Mailaender, R. Palat, Gregg Nardozza, Chris T. K. Ng
Using a single rectangular antenna panel enhances cellular capacity via vertical beamforming (e.g. “Full Dimension MIMO”) but may impact diversity gain. We compare the receive diversity performance of several single-panel signal processing techniques, including: subarrays (with wide or narrow beamwidths), pattern diversity (with various a priori azimuth offset beam steering), and Maximum Ratio Combining. Spatial fading correlation is obtained from the 3GPP TR 25.996 model. We assume a hybrid analog-digital beamformer and derive the SNR for any analog beamformer followed by an MRC digital stage. This allows us to apply various beamforming strategies to the antenna subarrays and determine if there is a benefit. In a simple azimuth-only, single user simulation we find:4R (i.e. 4 outputs) subarrays with narrow steered beams approaches the performance of 8RMRC, while a 4 dB shortfall is found for widebeam subarrays relative to MRC; and pattern diversity is competitive with widebeam subarrays for 4R but not 8R.
{"title":"Receive Diversity Options for Single Panel 4G-5G Antennas","authors":"L. Mailaender, R. Palat, Gregg Nardozza, Chris T. K. Ng","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221138","url":null,"abstract":"Using a single rectangular antenna panel enhances cellular capacity via vertical beamforming (e.g. “Full Dimension MIMO”) but may impact diversity gain. We compare the receive diversity performance of several single-panel signal processing techniques, including: subarrays (with wide or narrow beamwidths), pattern diversity (with various a priori azimuth offset beam steering), and Maximum Ratio Combining. Spatial fading correlation is obtained from the 3GPP TR 25.996 model. We assume a hybrid analog-digital beamformer and derive the SNR for any analog beamformer followed by an MRC digital stage. This allows us to apply various beamforming strategies to the antenna subarrays and determine if there is a benefit. In a simple azimuth-only, single user simulation we find:4R (i.e. 4 outputs) subarrays with narrow steered beams approaches the performance of 8RMRC, while a 4 dB shortfall is found for widebeam subarrays relative to MRC; and pattern diversity is competitive with widebeam subarrays for 4R but not 8R.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131759875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221268
Chamara Sandeepa, Charuka Moremada, N. Dissanayaka, Tharindu D. Gamage, Madhusanka Liyanage
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is an infectious disease which has spread globally since 2019, resulting in an ongoing pandemic. Since it is a new virus, it takes some time to develop a vaccine against it. Until then, the best way to prevent the fast spread of the virus is to enable the proper social distancing and isolation or containment to identify potential patients. Since the virus has up to 14 days of the incubation period, it is important to identify all the social interactions during this period and enforce social isolation for such potential patients. However, proper social interaction tracking methods and patient prediction methods based on such data are missing for the moment. This paper focuses on tracking the social interaction of users and predict the infection possibility based on social interactions. We first developed a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and GPS based social interaction tracking system. Then, we developed an algorithm to predict the possibility of being infected with COVID-19 based on the collected data. Finally, a prototype of the system is implemented with a mobile app and a web monitoring tool. In addition, we performed a simulation of the system with a graph-based model to analyze the behaviour of the proposed algorithm and it verifies that self-isolation is important in slowing down the disease progression.
{"title":"Social Interaction Tracking and Patient Prediction System for Potential COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Chamara Sandeepa, Charuka Moremada, N. Dissanayaka, Tharindu D. Gamage, Madhusanka Liyanage","doi":"10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221268","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is an infectious disease which has spread globally since 2019, resulting in an ongoing pandemic. Since it is a new virus, it takes some time to develop a vaccine against it. Until then, the best way to prevent the fast spread of the virus is to enable the proper social distancing and isolation or containment to identify potential patients. Since the virus has up to 14 days of the incubation period, it is important to identify all the social interactions during this period and enforce social isolation for such potential patients. However, proper social interaction tracking methods and patient prediction methods based on such data are missing for the moment. This paper focuses on tracking the social interaction of users and predict the infection possibility based on social interactions. We first developed a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and GPS based social interaction tracking system. Then, we developed an algorithm to predict the possibility of being infected with COVID-19 based on the collected data. Finally, a prototype of the system is implemented with a mobile app and a web monitoring tool. In addition, we performed a simulation of the system with a graph-based model to analyze the behaviour of the proposed algorithm and it verifies that self-isolation is important in slowing down the disease progression.","PeriodicalId":232687,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123347494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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