Objective: In this study, we aim to study the correlation between the maternal systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) including complete blood count (CBC) variables with gestation age, at the labor of our patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 1127 patients and their infants. We used the maternal CBC variables analyzed within the last day before active labor. We analyzed the statistical differences between the NLR, PLR, and other CBC variables in terms of gestational age. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gestational age with NLR and PLR values, (P = 0.414 and P = 0.341, respectively). When we compare the NLR and PLR values in normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD) group, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.250; P = 0.995, respectively). In correlation analyses, no statistically significant correlation was detected between NLR and PLR with a birth weight of the infant and gestational age (P = 0.132 and P = 0.344, respectively). A linear, negative, weak correlation, and statistically significant correlation was detected between white blood cell count (WBC) with the infant's birth weight and gestational week (P < 0.01 and P = 0.024, respectively). Conclusions: Inflammation plays an important role especially at the beginning of the labor. In our study, we showed no correlation of the NLR and PLR with a gestational week or infant's birth weight at labor. Also, in our research, the NLR and PLR values did not differ statistically among the four groups in terms of the gestational age of delivery with the highest values in the preterm birth (<37 weeks) groups (P = 0.414, P = 0.341, retrospectively).
{"title":"Evaluate the correlations of maternal systemic ınflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with gestation age","authors":"E. Ozdemir, H. Ozdemir","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_34_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_34_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we aim to study the correlation between the maternal systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) including complete blood count (CBC) variables with gestation age, at the labor of our patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 1127 patients and their infants. We used the maternal CBC variables analyzed within the last day before active labor. We analyzed the statistical differences between the NLR, PLR, and other CBC variables in terms of gestational age. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gestational age with NLR and PLR values, (P = 0.414 and P = 0.341, respectively). When we compare the NLR and PLR values in normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD) group, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.250; P = 0.995, respectively). In correlation analyses, no statistically significant correlation was detected between NLR and PLR with a birth weight of the infant and gestational age (P = 0.132 and P = 0.344, respectively). A linear, negative, weak correlation, and statistically significant correlation was detected between white blood cell count (WBC) with the infant's birth weight and gestational week (P < 0.01 and P = 0.024, respectively). Conclusions: Inflammation plays an important role especially at the beginning of the labor. In our study, we showed no correlation of the NLR and PLR with a gestational week or infant's birth weight at labor. Also, in our research, the NLR and PLR values did not differ statistically among the four groups in terms of the gestational age of delivery with the highest values in the preterm birth (<37 weeks) groups (P = 0.414, P = 0.341, retrospectively).","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"62 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intramural ectopic pregnancy is usually complicated by uterine rupture requiring emergency laparotomy and appropriate intervention. The diagnosis poses a serious challenge and the type of surgical intervention required depends on the hemodynamic status and the extent of damage to the uterus. A 38-year-old gravida 3, Para 2, abortion 0, who had an emergency hysterectomy due to a ruptured intramural pregnancy with massive hemoperitoneum. Pre-operative ultrasound was suggestive of the diagnosis which was confirmed by operative findings and histopathology report on the specimens. Intravenous infusion of normal saline, blood transfusion and emergency hysterectomy is essential for prevention of maternal mortality in intramural pregnancy complicated by uterine rupture.
{"title":"Emergency hysterectomy for a ruptured intramural ectopic pregnancy: A case report","authors":"U. Yahaya, E. Dase, A. Lawan","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_87_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_87_18","url":null,"abstract":"Intramural ectopic pregnancy is usually complicated by uterine rupture requiring emergency laparotomy and appropriate intervention. The diagnosis poses a serious challenge and the type of surgical intervention required depends on the hemodynamic status and the extent of damage to the uterus. A 38-year-old gravida 3, Para 2, abortion 0, who had an emergency hysterectomy due to a ruptured intramural pregnancy with massive hemoperitoneum. Pre-operative ultrasound was suggestive of the diagnosis which was confirmed by operative findings and histopathology report on the specimens. Intravenous infusion of normal saline, blood transfusion and emergency hysterectomy is essential for prevention of maternal mortality in intramural pregnancy complicated by uterine rupture.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"192 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45334007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of decision making during labor process and restricting them to supine position in second stage of labor might contribute significantly to aversion to hospital delivery. Objective: To determine the different delivery positions women take during home delivery. Method: This was a cross sectional survey among 285 multiparous women who had vaginal delivery of life singleton babies. They were interviewed using questionnaire at Murtala Muhammad Specialist hospital Kano on choices of delivery position. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the state. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Qualitative data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi (χ2) test was used for categorical data. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 28.9 ± 7.12 years. Majority of the women that delivered at home assumed the squatting position for delivery (60%) and were mainly assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBA) (41.3%). Over 50% of those that delivered at home were instructed to take the position they delivered in by their assistants at delivery while those that chose their position by themselves did that because they felt more comfortable in that position (85%). Over 80% of those that were instructed to take a position at delivery did not ask their assistant the reason for advising on that position. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby (χ2=28.517, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Squatting position was the most assumed position following home delivery. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby.
背景:分娩过程中活动能力和参与决策能力有限的妇女被限制在病床上，并在分娩第二阶段将其限制在仰卧位可能对厌恶住院分娩有显著影响。目的:探讨妇女在家分娩时不同的分娩体位。方法:对285例经阴道分娩的终身单胎妇女进行横断面调查。在卡诺Murtala Muhammad专科医院对她们进行了关于分娩体位选择的问卷调查。获得国家伦理委员会的伦理批准。所得数据使用SPSS Version 19进行分析。定性数据用频率和百分比进行汇总。分类资料采用χ2检验。P值≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:调查对象的平均年龄(±SD)为28.9±7.12岁。大多数在家分娩的妇女采用蹲姿分娩(60%)，主要由传统助产士(TBA)协助(41.3%)。超过50%的在家分娩的女性是在助手的指导下选择分娩姿势的，而那些自己选择分娩姿势的女性(85%)则是因为她们觉得自己的姿势更舒服。超过80%的被指示在交货时采取立场的人没有问他们的助理建议该立场的原因。受教育程度与选择体位权的相关性有统计学意义(χ2=28.517, P = 0.000)。结论:蹲姿是分娩后最常见的体位。受教育程度与决定分娩体位的权利之间存在统计学上的显著关联。
{"title":"Choice of delivery positions among multiparous women in Kano","authors":"I. Abubakar, I. Garba, A. Rabiu, U. Suleiman","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_86_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_86_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of decision making during labor process and restricting them to supine position in second stage of labor might contribute significantly to aversion to hospital delivery. Objective: To determine the different delivery positions women take during home delivery. Method: This was a cross sectional survey among 285 multiparous women who had vaginal delivery of life singleton babies. They were interviewed using questionnaire at Murtala Muhammad Specialist hospital Kano on choices of delivery position. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the state. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Qualitative data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi (χ2) test was used for categorical data. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 28.9 ± 7.12 years. Majority of the women that delivered at home assumed the squatting position for delivery (60%) and were mainly assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBA) (41.3%). Over 50% of those that delivered at home were instructed to take the position they delivered in by their assistants at delivery while those that chose their position by themselves did that because they felt more comfortable in that position (85%). Over 80% of those that were instructed to take a position at delivery did not ask their assistant the reason for advising on that position. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby (χ2=28.517, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Squatting position was the most assumed position following home delivery. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"95 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46988857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Lawal, A. Suleiman, Nanthaniel Ketare, Chimezie Obiokonkwo
Extra-pelvic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis, however cesarean section scar is a common site for the rare condition. Scar endometriosis can be associated with obstetric or gynecologic surgeries. Utero-cutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the endometrium and the skin, this is another rare clinical condition that may complicate cesarean section. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman presenting with features suggestive of scar endometriosis about 20 months after surgical treatment of utero-cutaneous fistula. The utero-cutaneous fistula developed 2 months after cesarean section. This case is presented to highlight scar endometriosis as a complication of surgical management of utero-cutaneous fistula and emphasize the importance of complete surgical excision in the management of both rare conditions.
{"title":"Scar endometriosis as a complication of surgically treated utero-cutaneous fistula","authors":"I. Lawal, A. Suleiman, Nanthaniel Ketare, Chimezie Obiokonkwo","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_78_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_78_19","url":null,"abstract":"Extra-pelvic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis, however cesarean section scar is a common site for the rare condition. Scar endometriosis can be associated with obstetric or gynecologic surgeries. Utero-cutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the endometrium and the skin, this is another rare clinical condition that may complicate cesarean section. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman presenting with features suggestive of scar endometriosis about 20 months after surgical treatment of utero-cutaneous fistula. The utero-cutaneous fistula developed 2 months after cesarean section. This case is presented to highlight scar endometriosis as a complication of surgical management of utero-cutaneous fistula and emphasize the importance of complete surgical excision in the management of both rare conditions.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"213 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damilola Ifariola, A. Adeniyi, O. Adewara, Akujuobi Okere, I. Adebara, A. Bakare, O. Adeyemo
Background: Planned induction of labor for various indications has become an established part of modern Obstetric practice. While the efficacy of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog as a cervical ripening labor induction agent has been established, the appropriate route and dosage are still objected to ongoing research. Objective: This study aims at comparing the efficacy of vaginally administered with sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction. Methodology: One hundred (100) pregnant women at term who fulfill the inclusion criteria were equally randomized into the two arms of the study to receive either 25 μg of misoprostol sublingually or 25μg vaginally. The induction delivery interval and fetal outcomes were compared in the two arms of the study. Results: The vaginal group required more doses of misoprostol than the sublingual group (1.68 ± 0.74 versus 1.26 ± 0.44, P = 0.005). Time from the administration of the first dose of misoprostol to the achievement of a Bishop score of 7 or active phase labor was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route group (5.04 ± 1.77 hours versus 6.32 ± 1.36 hours, P = 0.001). Induction-delivery interval was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route (10.02 ± 2.37 hours versus 11.12 ± 3.97 hours) although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.098). The mean Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min were slightly better in the vaginal group than the sublingual group but the difference did not assume statistical significance (Apgar scores at 1 minute: 7.62 ± 0.83 versus 7.72 ± 0.88, at 5 minutes: 8.94 ± 1.23 versus 9.22 ± 0.46 for the sublingual versus the vaginal group, respectively, P = 0.561). Conclusions: The two routes of sublingual and vaginal administration showed comparable safety and effectiveness for cervical ripening and induction of labor in low-risk pregnancies at term. However, the sublingual route appears to be superior in terms of easy administration and patients' satisfaction.
{"title":"Randomization of vaginal and sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction","authors":"Damilola Ifariola, A. Adeniyi, O. Adewara, Akujuobi Okere, I. Adebara, A. Bakare, O. Adeyemo","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_47_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_47_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Planned induction of labor for various indications has become an established part of modern Obstetric practice. While the efficacy of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog as a cervical ripening labor induction agent has been established, the appropriate route and dosage are still objected to ongoing research. Objective: This study aims at comparing the efficacy of vaginally administered with sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction. Methodology: One hundred (100) pregnant women at term who fulfill the inclusion criteria were equally randomized into the two arms of the study to receive either 25 μg of misoprostol sublingually or 25μg vaginally. The induction delivery interval and fetal outcomes were compared in the two arms of the study. Results: The vaginal group required more doses of misoprostol than the sublingual group (1.68 ± 0.74 versus 1.26 ± 0.44, P = 0.005). Time from the administration of the first dose of misoprostol to the achievement of a Bishop score of 7 or active phase labor was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route group (5.04 ± 1.77 hours versus 6.32 ± 1.36 hours, P = 0.001). Induction-delivery interval was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route (10.02 ± 2.37 hours versus 11.12 ± 3.97 hours) although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.098). The mean Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min were slightly better in the vaginal group than the sublingual group but the difference did not assume statistical significance (Apgar scores at 1 minute: 7.62 ± 0.83 versus 7.72 ± 0.88, at 5 minutes: 8.94 ± 1.23 versus 9.22 ± 0.46 for the sublingual versus the vaginal group, respectively, P = 0.561). Conclusions: The two routes of sublingual and vaginal administration showed comparable safety and effectiveness for cervical ripening and induction of labor in low-risk pregnancies at term. However, the sublingual route appears to be superior in terms of easy administration and patients' satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"78 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48336070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Quality of care is an important adjunct in the prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The objective of this review was to assess components of maternal health care that have a bearing on quality of care. Source of materials for this article are from learned journals and reports on this subject. Conclusion: Quality of care in Obstetrics is a continuum that spans pre pregnancy period, pregnancy and the aftermath. Many parameters can be employed to define the quality of care received by women. The emphasis is however on the optimal utilization of the health system in providing the best possible care.
{"title":"Improving the quality of maternal health care in developing countries","authors":"V. Otoide","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_57_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_57_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Quality of care is an important adjunct in the prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The objective of this review was to assess components of maternal health care that have a bearing on quality of care. Source of materials for this article are from learned journals and reports on this subject. Conclusion: Quality of care in Obstetrics is a continuum that spans pre pregnancy period, pregnancy and the aftermath. Many parameters can be employed to define the quality of care received by women. The emphasis is however on the optimal utilization of the health system in providing the best possible care.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"18 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Igbodike, C. Adepiti, A. Ubom, K. Ajenifuja, O. Loto, O. Fasubaa, U. Onwudiegwu, O. Orji
Background: The procedure of vaginal hysterectomy is a fast disappearing art. This study looks at 14 years' experience of vaginal hysterectomy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Objectives: To determine and compare the rate, indications, and complications of vaginal hysterectomy over a 14-year period at Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: The medical records of patients managed with vaginal hysterectomies performed from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2018 were reviewed. The demographics and indications for vaginal hysterectomy were extracted. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Service Solutions – IBM version 22. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and associations compared where applicable using Chi-square with level of significance set at <0.05. Results: Pelvic organ prolapse accounted for 0.8% of gynecological admissions and vaginal hysterectomy accounted for 2.3% of major gynaecological operations. The mean age was 66.1 ± 9.2 years with a mean age of menopause of 15.2 ± 7.1 years. The mean parity was 6.2 ± 1.6. Pelvic organ prolapse was the commonest indication. The mean blood loss at surgery was 314.2 ± 184.8 ml. The modal post-operative complication was post-operative anemia, and hypertension was the commonest comorbidity. The mean duration of surgery was 3 ± 0.9 h and the mean duration of admission was 5.4 ± 2.7 days. Conclusion: The rate of vaginal hysterectomy is on the decline. This may be due to case under reporting, limiting of family size, or low uptake of farming occupation in our society.
{"title":"Trends in vaginal hysterectomy in a Nigerian teaching hospital: A 14-year review","authors":"E. Igbodike, C. Adepiti, A. Ubom, K. Ajenifuja, O. Loto, O. Fasubaa, U. Onwudiegwu, O. Orji","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_20_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_20_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The procedure of vaginal hysterectomy is a fast disappearing art. This study looks at 14 years' experience of vaginal hysterectomy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Objectives: To determine and compare the rate, indications, and complications of vaginal hysterectomy over a 14-year period at Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: The medical records of patients managed with vaginal hysterectomies performed from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2018 were reviewed. The demographics and indications for vaginal hysterectomy were extracted. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Service Solutions – IBM version 22. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and associations compared where applicable using Chi-square with level of significance set at <0.05. Results: Pelvic organ prolapse accounted for 0.8% of gynecological admissions and vaginal hysterectomy accounted for 2.3% of major gynaecological operations. The mean age was 66.1 ± 9.2 years with a mean age of menopause of 15.2 ± 7.1 years. The mean parity was 6.2 ± 1.6. Pelvic organ prolapse was the commonest indication. The mean blood loss at surgery was 314.2 ± 184.8 ml. The modal post-operative complication was post-operative anemia, and hypertension was the commonest comorbidity. The mean duration of surgery was 3 ± 0.9 h and the mean duration of admission was 5.4 ± 2.7 days. Conclusion: The rate of vaginal hysterectomy is on the decline. This may be due to case under reporting, limiting of family size, or low uptake of farming occupation in our society.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"160 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ogochukwu Obi, J. Tukur, A. Abdurrahman, I. Salisu
Background: Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed operations in obstetric practice. A multimodal approach to post-cesarean pain management has been shown to be more effective than a unimodal approach, though the most effective combination and preferred route of administration are still unknown. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of rectal diclofenac sodium and intramuscular pentazocine versus intramuscular pentazocine, paracetamol, and diclofenac analgesics for pain relief in the first 48 h after cesarean section at Federal Medical Centre, Katsina. Methods: This was a prospective single-blind, randomized controlled trial, in which 120 booked women planned for cesarean section were recruited and randomly allocated to the study or control group. The study group received 100 mg rectal diclofenac sodium 12 h and intramuscular pentazocine 60 mg 6 h, while the control group received intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg 12 h, pentazocine 60 mg 6 h, and paracetamol 600 mg 8 h for the first 48 h postoperatively. Pain perception, maternal satisfaction, and preferred route of drug administration were compared between the two groups. Results: The study group had significantly lower mean visual analog scale pain scores and higher maternal satisfaction in the first 48 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the maternal and newborn side effects of the analgesics. The rectal route of drug administration was more preferred (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that rectal diclofenac sodium and intramuscular pentazocine post-cesarean section analgesic efficacy and maternal satisfaction were superior to that of intramuscular pentazocine, diclofenac, and paracetamol.
{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of rectal diclofenac sodium and intramuscular pentazocine versus intramuscular pentazocine, diclofenac, and paracetamol analgesics for pain relief in the first 48 h after cesarean section","authors":"Ogochukwu Obi, J. Tukur, A. Abdurrahman, I. Salisu","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_1_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_1_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed operations in obstetric practice. A multimodal approach to post-cesarean pain management has been shown to be more effective than a unimodal approach, though the most effective combination and preferred route of administration are still unknown. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of rectal diclofenac sodium and intramuscular pentazocine versus intramuscular pentazocine, paracetamol, and diclofenac analgesics for pain relief in the first 48 h after cesarean section at Federal Medical Centre, Katsina. Methods: This was a prospective single-blind, randomized controlled trial, in which 120 booked women planned for cesarean section were recruited and randomly allocated to the study or control group. The study group received 100 mg rectal diclofenac sodium 12 h and intramuscular pentazocine 60 mg 6 h, while the control group received intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg 12 h, pentazocine 60 mg 6 h, and paracetamol 600 mg 8 h for the first 48 h postoperatively. Pain perception, maternal satisfaction, and preferred route of drug administration were compared between the two groups. Results: The study group had significantly lower mean visual analog scale pain scores and higher maternal satisfaction in the first 48 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the maternal and newborn side effects of the analgesics. The rectal route of drug administration was more preferred (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that rectal diclofenac sodium and intramuscular pentazocine post-cesarean section analgesic efficacy and maternal satisfaction were superior to that of intramuscular pentazocine, diclofenac, and paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"101 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41570997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Laima, A. Mohammed, S. Hembah-Hilekaan, J. Abubakar
Aims: To determine the predictors of rape location among victims in Gombe. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional retrospective. Methods and Material: Cases of alleged rape that presented at a secondary health facility from August 2016-July 2018 were retrieved. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 20. Results: The majority of cases were between the ages of 5–14 years (66.1%). Up to 26% of the victims were males. For 65.7% of the cases, the perpetrators were not known to the victim. The perpetrator's residence or office was the most commonplace of rape occurrence (49.5%). More victims (60.7%) who were less than 5 were raped in the perpetrator's home/office, compared to 43.6% of those who were between 15–24 years. Also, 50% of those with tertiary educational qualifications were raped in their homes compared to 10% of those with primary educational qualifications. Rape was carried out in uncompleted building/bush for perpetrators who were known to the victim compared to 6.3% of those who the victims did not know. There are a higher odds of rape carried out in the perpetrator's or victim's home among those who are familiar with the perpetrator compared to those who are not familiar to the perpetrator (odds ratio (OR): 0.36; confidence interval (CI): 0.200–0.656). The odds of rape occurring by a known person is 3.4 times more likely to occur in the perpetrator's house/office compared to it occurring in an uncompleted building or bush (P value 0.007 with a CI of 1.396–8.562). Conclusions: It is recommended that children should be placed in schools to minimize child labor and the public should be made aware of the possibility of rape by known persons in lonely places and at home.
{"title":"Predictors of location of rape: A survey of victim's location in Gombe state, North-East Nigeria","authors":"C. Laima, A. Mohammed, S. Hembah-Hilekaan, J. Abubakar","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_74_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_74_19","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the predictors of rape location among victims in Gombe. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional retrospective. Methods and Material: Cases of alleged rape that presented at a secondary health facility from August 2016-July 2018 were retrieved. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 20. Results: The majority of cases were between the ages of 5–14 years (66.1%). Up to 26% of the victims were males. For 65.7% of the cases, the perpetrators were not known to the victim. The perpetrator's residence or office was the most commonplace of rape occurrence (49.5%). More victims (60.7%) who were less than 5 were raped in the perpetrator's home/office, compared to 43.6% of those who were between 15–24 years. Also, 50% of those with tertiary educational qualifications were raped in their homes compared to 10% of those with primary educational qualifications. Rape was carried out in uncompleted building/bush for perpetrators who were known to the victim compared to 6.3% of those who the victims did not know. There are a higher odds of rape carried out in the perpetrator's or victim's home among those who are familiar with the perpetrator compared to those who are not familiar to the perpetrator (odds ratio (OR): 0.36; confidence interval (CI): 0.200–0.656). The odds of rape occurring by a known person is 3.4 times more likely to occur in the perpetrator's house/office compared to it occurring in an uncompleted building or bush (P value 0.007 with a CI of 1.396–8.562). Conclusions: It is recommended that children should be placed in schools to minimize child labor and the public should be made aware of the possibility of rape by known persons in lonely places and at home.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"167 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42921003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Evidence shows that compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) among obstetricians and gynecologists is poor. This study evaluates the knowledge and perceptions regarding SAP among doctors in Obstetrics and Gynecology units. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among physicians in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in two public tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Data was collected using a 30-item validated and pre tested self-administered questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 41 respondents (response rate: 68.3%) returned the survey with a male preponderance (61%). Medical officers (Senior Registrars and Registrars) constituted almost two-third (63.4%) of the respondents. Only 26.8% had attended a workshop, seminar, conference or clinical meeting regarding SAP. Most respondents were not aware of the most common organism that causes surgical site infection and the appropriate time and duration of SAP. However, majority (90%) knew that the inappropriate use of SAP could lead to antibiotic resistance. More than two-third agreed that SAP malpractices were due to the lack of knowledge about SAP and poor awareness regarding antibiotic resistance. More than 90% agreed that education, audit and feedback, and guidelines would improve compliance with SAP. Respondents with 6–10 years working experience had significantly higher knowledge score than those with 1 –5 years experience. Respondents who had not attended any workshop or course pertaining to SAP had more positive perception. Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated inadequate knowledge of SAP and most of them were aware that inappropriate use of SAP could lead to antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Knowledge and perception regarding surgical antibiotic prophylaxis among physicians in the department of obstetrics and gynecology","authors":"U. Abubakar, S. S. Syed Sulaiman, A. Adesiyun","doi":"10.4103/tjog.tjog_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjog.tjog_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence shows that compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) among obstetricians and gynecologists is poor. This study evaluates the knowledge and perceptions regarding SAP among doctors in Obstetrics and Gynecology units. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among physicians in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in two public tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Data was collected using a 30-item validated and pre tested self-administered questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 41 respondents (response rate: 68.3%) returned the survey with a male preponderance (61%). Medical officers (Senior Registrars and Registrars) constituted almost two-third (63.4%) of the respondents. Only 26.8% had attended a workshop, seminar, conference or clinical meeting regarding SAP. Most respondents were not aware of the most common organism that causes surgical site infection and the appropriate time and duration of SAP. However, majority (90%) knew that the inappropriate use of SAP could lead to antibiotic resistance. More than two-third agreed that SAP malpractices were due to the lack of knowledge about SAP and poor awareness regarding antibiotic resistance. More than 90% agreed that education, audit and feedback, and guidelines would improve compliance with SAP. Respondents with 6–10 years working experience had significantly higher knowledge score than those with 1 –5 years experience. Respondents who had not attended any workshop or course pertaining to SAP had more positive perception. Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated inadequate knowledge of SAP and most of them were aware that inappropriate use of SAP could lead to antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":23302,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"108 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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