Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01918-1
{"title":"Combined warming and rising CO2 limit phosphorus availability in rice paddies","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01918-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01918-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01923-4
Grant Ferguson, Mark O. Cuthbert, Scott Jasechko, Michael Manga, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Chander E. Noyes, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Richard G. Taylor
{"title":"Renewability of fossil groundwaters affected by present-day climate conditions","authors":"Grant Ferguson, Mark O. Cuthbert, Scott Jasechko, Michael Manga, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Chander E. Noyes, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Richard G. Taylor","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01923-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01923-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01910-1
A. J. Biggin, C. J. Davies, J. E. Mound, S. J. Lloyd, Y. E. Engbers, D. Thallner, A. T. Clarke, R. K. Bono
Heat flowing from the core to the mantle drives the geodynamo that produces Earth’s global magnetic field. Palaeomagnetic measurements record the behaviour of this field through time and have the potential to inform us about deep Earth structures and dynamics on either side of the core–mantle boundary. In practise, insights have proved difficult to obtain because of the limited spatiotemporal resolution of palaeomagnetic records and uncertainties in how to interpret them. Here we use palaeomagnetic datasets and models alongside numerical simulations of the geodynamo to show that certain observed characteristics of ancient magnetic field behaviour are uniquely or preferentially reproduced in the presence of strong lateral variability in core–mantle heat flux. Our findings suggest that strong contrasts in the spatial pattern of the temperature gradients and/or thermal conductivity of the lowermost mantle that are linked, today, to seismologically observed structures, have influenced the geodynamo for at least the last few hundred million years. The identified palaeomagnetic signatures provide a new means to constrain the properties and time evolution of the core–mantle boundary. Furthermore, our insights into how thermal heterogeneity at the base of the mantle can break the axial symmetry of the time-averaged magnetic field may help resolve longstanding palaeogeographic controversies.
{"title":"Mantle heterogeneity influenced Earth’s ancient magnetic field","authors":"A. J. Biggin, C. J. Davies, J. E. Mound, S. J. Lloyd, Y. E. Engbers, D. Thallner, A. T. Clarke, R. K. Bono","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01910-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01910-1","url":null,"abstract":"Heat flowing from the core to the mantle drives the geodynamo that produces Earth’s global magnetic field. Palaeomagnetic measurements record the behaviour of this field through time and have the potential to inform us about deep Earth structures and dynamics on either side of the core–mantle boundary. In practise, insights have proved difficult to obtain because of the limited spatiotemporal resolution of palaeomagnetic records and uncertainties in how to interpret them. Here we use palaeomagnetic datasets and models alongside numerical simulations of the geodynamo to show that certain observed characteristics of ancient magnetic field behaviour are uniquely or preferentially reproduced in the presence of strong lateral variability in core–mantle heat flux. Our findings suggest that strong contrasts in the spatial pattern of the temperature gradients and/or thermal conductivity of the lowermost mantle that are linked, today, to seismologically observed structures, have influenced the geodynamo for at least the last few hundred million years. The identified palaeomagnetic signatures provide a new means to constrain the properties and time evolution of the core–mantle boundary. Furthermore, our insights into how thermal heterogeneity at the base of the mantle can break the axial symmetry of the time-averaged magnetic field may help resolve longstanding palaeogeographic controversies.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01902-1
{"title":"Anti-phased changes in Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength over orbital timescales","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01902-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01902-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01917-2
Yu Wang, Hao Chen, Weihua Su, Hongmeng Zhao, Benjamin L. Turner, Chuang Cai, Yiqi Luo, Josep Peñuelas, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Dongming Wang, Yuanyuan Huang, Mingkai Jiang, Lei Wang, Shenqiang Wang, Yong-Guan Zhu, Renfang Shen, Jiabao Zhang, Chunwu Zhu
Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces soil phosphorus (P) availability in paddy soils by promoting soil organic P accumulation and crop harvest removal. Atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are increasing simultaneously, yet their interaction with the soil P cycle remains unresolved. Here we report a decade-long free-air CO2 enrichment experiment integrated with in situ warming (+2 °C) in a typical paddy–upland rotation system. We find that both elevated CO2 and warming exacerbate P constraints, and that warming alone and in combination with elevated CO2 has a greater impact than elevated CO2 alone. All climate change treatments significantly depleted soil available P (32–54%) and increased the soil C:P ratios (4–30%). Moreover, warming initially accelerated P mineralization but reduced P availability by enhancing Fe–organic carbon complexes and microbial immobilization. These processes, together with increased crop P demand driven by accelerated growth under elevated CO2, exacerbate P depletion. We identify Fe–organic carbon interactions as a previously overlooked mechanism that significantly reduces P bioavailability. Our findings offer a mechanistic framework linking aboveground–belowground C–P coupling with microbially driven Fe–organic matter dynamics, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive nutrient management strategies to sustain rice production under future climate change.
{"title":"Reduced phosphorus bioavailability in rice paddies intensified by elevated CO2-driven warming","authors":"Yu Wang, Hao Chen, Weihua Su, Hongmeng Zhao, Benjamin L. Turner, Chuang Cai, Yiqi Luo, Josep Peñuelas, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Dongming Wang, Yuanyuan Huang, Mingkai Jiang, Lei Wang, Shenqiang Wang, Yong-Guan Zhu, Renfang Shen, Jiabao Zhang, Chunwu Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01917-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01917-2","url":null,"abstract":"Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces soil phosphorus (P) availability in paddy soils by promoting soil organic P accumulation and crop harvest removal. Atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are increasing simultaneously, yet their interaction with the soil P cycle remains unresolved. Here we report a decade-long free-air CO2 enrichment experiment integrated with in situ warming (+2 °C) in a typical paddy–upland rotation system. We find that both elevated CO2 and warming exacerbate P constraints, and that warming alone and in combination with elevated CO2 has a greater impact than elevated CO2 alone. All climate change treatments significantly depleted soil available P (32–54%) and increased the soil C:P ratios (4–30%). Moreover, warming initially accelerated P mineralization but reduced P availability by enhancing Fe–organic carbon complexes and microbial immobilization. These processes, together with increased crop P demand driven by accelerated growth under elevated CO2, exacerbate P depletion. We identify Fe–organic carbon interactions as a previously overlooked mechanism that significantly reduces P bioavailability. Our findings offer a mechanistic framework linking aboveground–belowground C–P coupling with microbially driven Fe–organic matter dynamics, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive nutrient management strategies to sustain rice production under future climate change.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01911-0
Torben Struve, Frank Lamy, Frederik Gäng, Johann P. Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Oliver Esper, Lester Lembke-Jene, Gisela Winckler
Increased supply of the micronutrient iron promotes export production in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, thus acting as a dynamic sink of atmospheric CO2 that has amplified past climate variations. This mechanism is typically considered to be regulated by the amount and solubility of iron delivered by aeolian transport. Here we use sedimentological and geochemical tracers to investigate iron input and carbon uptake in the largest sector of the Southern Ocean Antarctic Zone. Our data show that millennial-scale variations in West Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics controlled both the supply of particulate iron and lithogenic particle composition (affecting particle solubility) in the Pacific Antarctic Zone over the last 500,000 years. Rather than the total iron input, a higher abundance of chemically more pristine glaciomarine particles (high particle solubility) was critical for providing bioavailable iron, which enhanced export production. High lithogenic iron fluxes are characterized by chemically mature particles (low particle solubility), in particular during phases of pronounced ice loss in West Antarctica. The corresponding export production was low, indicating that this ‘ice-sheet–iron feedback’ is positive during these retreat phases. Accordingly, future West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat is likely to decrease carbon uptake in the large Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.
{"title":"South Pacific carbon uptake controlled by West Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics","authors":"Torben Struve, Frank Lamy, Frederik Gäng, Johann P. Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Oliver Esper, Lester Lembke-Jene, Gisela Winckler","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01911-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01911-0","url":null,"abstract":"Increased supply of the micronutrient iron promotes export production in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, thus acting as a dynamic sink of atmospheric CO2 that has amplified past climate variations. This mechanism is typically considered to be regulated by the amount and solubility of iron delivered by aeolian transport. Here we use sedimentological and geochemical tracers to investigate iron input and carbon uptake in the largest sector of the Southern Ocean Antarctic Zone. Our data show that millennial-scale variations in West Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics controlled both the supply of particulate iron and lithogenic particle composition (affecting particle solubility) in the Pacific Antarctic Zone over the last 500,000 years. Rather than the total iron input, a higher abundance of chemically more pristine glaciomarine particles (high particle solubility) was critical for providing bioavailable iron, which enhanced export production. High lithogenic iron fluxes are characterized by chemically mature particles (low particle solubility), in particular during phases of pronounced ice loss in West Antarctica. The corresponding export production was low, indicating that this ‘ice-sheet–iron feedback’ is positive during these retreat phases. Accordingly, future West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat is likely to decrease carbon uptake in the large Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01913-y
Marion Fourquez
{"title":"Dusting off the iron hypothesis","authors":"Marion Fourquez","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01913-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01913-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01914-x
Joseph B. Novak, Alexander A. Prokopenko, Pavel E. Tarasov, James M. Russell, Emma R. Lindemuth, Koji Shichi, Kenji Kashiwaya, John Peck, Richard S. Vachula, George E. A. Swann, Pratigya J. Polissar
Earth system feedbacks can amplify greenhouse gas forcing but are difficult to quantify, particularly on land where long palaeoclimate records are scarce. Here we reconstructed warm-season temperatures and vegetation at Lake Baikal, Russia, over the past 8.6 million years. We document gradual late Neogene cooling that was punctuated by an abrupt transition approximately 2.7 million years ago to severe cold temperatures during glacial periods. Forests were replaced by open steppe–tundra ecosystems and permafrost probably extended into South Siberia during these Early Pleistocene cold intervals. Compiled palaeobotanical data suggest this ecosystem turnover occurred throughout the Arctic and subarctic, although the timescale of these changes is less understood. Reconstructed Early Pleistocene glacial temperatures and vegetation resemble Late Pleistocene glacial periods at Lake Baikal, despite much warmer mean global temperatures in the Early Pleistocene. These geologic observations support the view that regional climate can respond nonlinearly to global forcing. We hypothesize that both vegetation albedo and permafrost carbon storage may have played a key role in amplifying glacial–interglacial climate cycles through the last 2.7 million years alongside ocean and ice sheet feedbacks.
{"title":"Early Pleistocene ecosystem turnover in South Siberia linked to abrupt regional cooling","authors":"Joseph B. Novak, Alexander A. Prokopenko, Pavel E. Tarasov, James M. Russell, Emma R. Lindemuth, Koji Shichi, Kenji Kashiwaya, John Peck, Richard S. Vachula, George E. A. Swann, Pratigya J. Polissar","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01914-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01914-x","url":null,"abstract":"Earth system feedbacks can amplify greenhouse gas forcing but are difficult to quantify, particularly on land where long palaeoclimate records are scarce. Here we reconstructed warm-season temperatures and vegetation at Lake Baikal, Russia, over the past 8.6 million years. We document gradual late Neogene cooling that was punctuated by an abrupt transition approximately 2.7 million years ago to severe cold temperatures during glacial periods. Forests were replaced by open steppe–tundra ecosystems and permafrost probably extended into South Siberia during these Early Pleistocene cold intervals. Compiled palaeobotanical data suggest this ecosystem turnover occurred throughout the Arctic and subarctic, although the timescale of these changes is less understood. Reconstructed Early Pleistocene glacial temperatures and vegetation resemble Late Pleistocene glacial periods at Lake Baikal, despite much warmer mean global temperatures in the Early Pleistocene. These geologic observations support the view that regional climate can respond nonlinearly to global forcing. We hypothesize that both vegetation albedo and permafrost carbon storage may have played a key role in amplifying glacial–interglacial climate cycles through the last 2.7 million years alongside ocean and ice sheet feedbacks.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01901-2
Shuzhuang Wu, Alain Mazaud, Elisabeth Michel, Michael P. Erb, Thomas F. Stocker, Helen Eri Amsler, Perig Le Tallec-Carado, Frank Lamy, Samuel L. Jaccard
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a central role in regulating the global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics. Yet the spatiotemporal variability of the ACC during the Pleistocene remains poorly constrained. Here we reconstruct ACC flow-speed variation using a meridional transect of sediment cores from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Our results reveal zonally asymmetric changes in ACC strength across the Southern Ocean on orbital timescales over the past one million years; the ACC intensified in the South Indian Ocean but weakened in the South Pacific during glacial and low-obliquity periods, with the opposite pattern during interglacial and high-obliquity periods. These anti-phased changes probably reflect an integrated response to bathymetric constraints, shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, sea-ice extent, buoyancy forcing and current confluence. Such zonally asymmetric and anti-phased ACC dynamics persisted during warmer-than-present intervals of the Pleistocene, offering a potential analogue for future anthropogenic warming—albeit under fundamentally different boundary conditions.
{"title":"Zonally asymmetric changes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength over the past million years","authors":"Shuzhuang Wu, Alain Mazaud, Elisabeth Michel, Michael P. Erb, Thomas F. Stocker, Helen Eri Amsler, Perig Le Tallec-Carado, Frank Lamy, Samuel L. Jaccard","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01901-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01901-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a central role in regulating the global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics. Yet the spatiotemporal variability of the ACC during the Pleistocene remains poorly constrained. Here we reconstruct ACC flow-speed variation using a meridional transect of sediment cores from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Our results reveal zonally asymmetric changes in ACC strength across the Southern Ocean on orbital timescales over the past one million years; the ACC intensified in the South Indian Ocean but weakened in the South Pacific during glacial and low-obliquity periods, with the opposite pattern during interglacial and high-obliquity periods. These anti-phased changes probably reflect an integrated response to bathymetric constraints, shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, sea-ice extent, buoyancy forcing and current confluence. Such zonally asymmetric and anti-phased ACC dynamics persisted during warmer-than-present intervals of the Pleistocene, offering a potential analogue for future anthropogenic warming—albeit under fundamentally different boundary conditions.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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