Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01952-z
Fenying Cai, Dieter Gerten, Keer Zhang, Tuantuan Zhang, Song Yang, Jürgen Kurths
Large-scale concurrences of humid heatwaves substantially escalate the risks of heat-related mortality. However, quantifying the origins of these concurrent extremes remains challenging. Here we use a complex network approach applied to climate reanalysis data to show that the observed intensification of humid heatwaves is closely associated with coastal oceanic warming over the period 1982–2023. This linkage is more pronounced for the large-scale aggregation of extreme humid heatwaves than for the locally confined events. In particular, approximately 50% and 64% of the upward trends in humid heatwave frequency and spatial-aggregation strength over hotspot regions are linked to their adjacent oceans, respectively. These land–ocean linkages largely arise from tropical ocean-driven moisture transport towards land regions and from coupled terrestrial–oceanic warming in the mid-to-high latitudes associated with atmospheric Rossby waves. Compared with mid-to-high latitudes, the tropics encompass most high-risk areas and exhibit stronger land–ocean linkages, highlighting the critical role of tropical oceans. Climate model experiments further demonstrate the influence of tropical oceans on adjacent terrestrial humid heatwaves. Our study provides insights that coastal sea surface temperature can be a crucial precursor of the large-scale aggregation of humid heatwaves.
{"title":"Large-scale aggregation of humid heatwaves exacerbated by coastal oceanic warming","authors":"Fenying Cai, Dieter Gerten, Keer Zhang, Tuantuan Zhang, Song Yang, Jürgen Kurths","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01952-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01952-z","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale concurrences of humid heatwaves substantially escalate the risks of heat-related mortality. However, quantifying the origins of these concurrent extremes remains challenging. Here we use a complex network approach applied to climate reanalysis data to show that the observed intensification of humid heatwaves is closely associated with coastal oceanic warming over the period 1982–2023. This linkage is more pronounced for the large-scale aggregation of extreme humid heatwaves than for the locally confined events. In particular, approximately 50% and 64% of the upward trends in humid heatwave frequency and spatial-aggregation strength over hotspot regions are linked to their adjacent oceans, respectively. These land–ocean linkages largely arise from tropical ocean-driven moisture transport towards land regions and from coupled terrestrial–oceanic warming in the mid-to-high latitudes associated with atmospheric Rossby waves. Compared with mid-to-high latitudes, the tropics encompass most high-risk areas and exhibit stronger land–ocean linkages, highlighting the critical role of tropical oceans. Climate model experiments further demonstrate the influence of tropical oceans on adjacent terrestrial humid heatwaves. Our study provides insights that coastal sea surface temperature can be a crucial precursor of the large-scale aggregation of humid heatwaves.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01950-1
Nicholas Holschuh, Knut Christianson, William Dienstfrey, Benjamin Hills, Andrew O. Hoffman, John Paden, Kate Winter, Ruth Zuraw
Radio echo sounding data reveal intensely deformed structures deep within the northern Greenland Ice Sheet. The geometry of these structures has been well studied, but their physical properties remain poorly understood. Here we investigate their scattering characteristics using radar swath imaging. Strong, diffuse backscattering implies that these features are not simply deformed meteoric layers, but instead contain distinct horizons of subglacially sourced debris. In many places, this debris is transported more than 1,000 m above the bed, altering ice strength and concentrating deformation in ways not captured by current ice-sheet models. These structures are widespread across northern Greenland, despite being absent in comparable glaciological settings elsewhere in Greenland and Antarctica. Based on their geometry, distribution and composition, we argue they formed as a result of transient basal thermal conditions experienced as the ice sheet regrew from its minimum extent during the last interglacial period (around 120,000 years ago). Our results suggest a substantially reduced ice sheet during the last interglacial, surging behaviour during regrowth of terrestrial ice sheets, the potential for old-ice preservation above and below imaged debris layers, and the need for material heterogeneity in models designed to reproduce the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
{"title":"Entrained debris records regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet after the last interglacial","authors":"Nicholas Holschuh, Knut Christianson, William Dienstfrey, Benjamin Hills, Andrew O. Hoffman, John Paden, Kate Winter, Ruth Zuraw","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01950-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01950-1","url":null,"abstract":"Radio echo sounding data reveal intensely deformed structures deep within the northern Greenland Ice Sheet. The geometry of these structures has been well studied, but their physical properties remain poorly understood. Here we investigate their scattering characteristics using radar swath imaging. Strong, diffuse backscattering implies that these features are not simply deformed meteoric layers, but instead contain distinct horizons of subglacially sourced debris. In many places, this debris is transported more than 1,000 m above the bed, altering ice strength and concentrating deformation in ways not captured by current ice-sheet models. These structures are widespread across northern Greenland, despite being absent in comparable glaciological settings elsewhere in Greenland and Antarctica. Based on their geometry, distribution and composition, we argue they formed as a result of transient basal thermal conditions experienced as the ice sheet regrew from its minimum extent during the last interglacial period (around 120,000 years ago). Our results suggest a substantially reduced ice sheet during the last interglacial, surging behaviour during regrowth of terrestrial ice sheets, the potential for old-ice preservation above and below imaged debris layers, and the need for material heterogeneity in models designed to reproduce the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01934-1
Yong-Han Lee, Sang-Wook Yeh, Guojian Wang, Se-Yong Song, Soon-Il An
We analyse outputs from both climate mitigation scenarios and an energy balance model to investigate how deep ocean processes shape centennial-scale trajectories of global mean surface temperature after net-zero emissions are achieved. While surface temperature decreases as carbon dioxide concentration declines, this cooling trend could eventually reverse when vertical heat diffusion warms the deep ocean sufficiently to reduce the vertical temperature gradient, thereby weakening the deep ocean heat uptake.
{"title":"Deep ocean control of global temperature after net-zero emissions","authors":"Yong-Han Lee, Sang-Wook Yeh, Guojian Wang, Se-Yong Song, Soon-Il An","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01934-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01934-1","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse outputs from both climate mitigation scenarios and an energy balance model to investigate how deep ocean processes shape centennial-scale trajectories of global mean surface temperature after net-zero emissions are achieved. While surface temperature decreases as carbon dioxide concentration declines, this cooling trend could eventually reverse when vertical heat diffusion warms the deep ocean sufficiently to reduce the vertical temperature gradient, thereby weakening the deep ocean heat uptake.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01928-z
Jarmo-Charles J. Kalinski, Abzer K. Pakkir Mohamed Shah, Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa, Shane P. Farrell, Lisa Schellenberg, Lana G. Graves, Tilman Schramm, Paolo Stincone, Irina Koester, Brandon M. Stephens, Ralph R. Torres, Lucia Cancelada, Caroline Utermann-Thüsing, Zachary A. Quinlan, Linda Wegley Kelly, Craig A. Carlson, Cristóbal Castillo-Ilabaca, Silvio Pantoja-Gutiérrez, J. Michael Beman, Aaron Hartmann, Allegra Aron, Xavier Siwe Noundou, Rosemary A. Dorrington, Deniz Tasdemir, Andreas F. Haas, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Craig E. Nelson, Lihini I. Aluwihare, Mingxun Wang, Daniel Petras
Chemical pollution has profound impacts on marine ecosystem health and services. Most investigations of the distributions of anthropogenic organic chemicals (xenobiotics) have been regionally focused, which limits our understanding of the extent of chemical pollution in the world’s largest biome. To address this gap, we mapped the presence of xenobiotics across marine ecosystems. Here we present a meta-analysis of 21 public non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry datasets, which are not restricted to a predefined set of compounds but rather capture thousands of chemicals. These datasets comprise 2,315 seawater samples, spanning coastal to open ocean environments across three ocean basins. Our analysis revealed that common pollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals were predominantly detected in estuaries and coastal areas but declined with distance from shore, whereas industrial chemicals and additives, including polyalkylene glycols, phthalates and organophosphates, were widely distributed across marine ecosystems. A total of 248 annotated xenobiotic features contributed a median of 2% to the total detected peak area per sample. We observed highest median levels of xenobiotic contribution in coastal datasets (up to 20%) and lowest levels (0.5%) in open ocean datasets, which indicates that anthropogenic organic substances contribute substantially to the dissolved organic matter pool in the surface ocean.
{"title":"Widespread presence of anthropogenic compounds in marine dissolved organic matter","authors":"Jarmo-Charles J. Kalinski, Abzer K. Pakkir Mohamed Shah, Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa, Shane P. Farrell, Lisa Schellenberg, Lana G. Graves, Tilman Schramm, Paolo Stincone, Irina Koester, Brandon M. Stephens, Ralph R. Torres, Lucia Cancelada, Caroline Utermann-Thüsing, Zachary A. Quinlan, Linda Wegley Kelly, Craig A. Carlson, Cristóbal Castillo-Ilabaca, Silvio Pantoja-Gutiérrez, J. Michael Beman, Aaron Hartmann, Allegra Aron, Xavier Siwe Noundou, Rosemary A. Dorrington, Deniz Tasdemir, Andreas F. Haas, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Craig E. Nelson, Lihini I. Aluwihare, Mingxun Wang, Daniel Petras","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01928-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01928-z","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical pollution has profound impacts on marine ecosystem health and services. Most investigations of the distributions of anthropogenic organic chemicals (xenobiotics) have been regionally focused, which limits our understanding of the extent of chemical pollution in the world’s largest biome. To address this gap, we mapped the presence of xenobiotics across marine ecosystems. Here we present a meta-analysis of 21 public non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry datasets, which are not restricted to a predefined set of compounds but rather capture thousands of chemicals. These datasets comprise 2,315 seawater samples, spanning coastal to open ocean environments across three ocean basins. Our analysis revealed that common pollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals were predominantly detected in estuaries and coastal areas but declined with distance from shore, whereas industrial chemicals and additives, including polyalkylene glycols, phthalates and organophosphates, were widely distributed across marine ecosystems. A total of 248 annotated xenobiotic features contributed a median of 2% to the total detected peak area per sample. We observed highest median levels of xenobiotic contribution in coastal datasets (up to 20%) and lowest levels (0.5%) in open ocean datasets, which indicates that anthropogenic organic substances contribute substantially to the dissolved organic matter pool in the surface ocean.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01947-w
Unsustainable use of nitrogen fertilizers and ineffective control of nitrogen losses have resulted in various environmental issues. A key challenge for nitrogen management is to meet the food demands of a growing global population while reducing nitrogen pollution.
{"title":"Managing nitrogen for food and environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01947-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-01947-w","url":null,"abstract":"Unsustainable use of nitrogen fertilizers and ineffective control of nitrogen losses have resulted in various environmental issues. A key challenge for nitrogen management is to meet the food demands of a growing global population while reducing nitrogen pollution.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 3","pages":"231-231"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-01947-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01938-x
Barbara L. Dutrow, Darrell J. Henry
Tourmaline, a boron-rich mineral and valuable gemstone, boasts unique crystallographic features with wide-ranging uses. Barbara Dutrow and Darrell Henry delve into its geological and technological importance.
{"title":"Tourmaline’s attraction","authors":"Barbara L. Dutrow, Darrell J. Henry","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01938-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-01938-x","url":null,"abstract":"Tourmaline, a boron-rich mineral and valuable gemstone, boasts unique crystallographic features with wide-ranging uses. Barbara Dutrow and Darrell Henry delve into its geological and technological importance.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 3","pages":"241-242"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01932-3
Sanne Muis
Shifts in large-scale climate patterns are reshaping flood risk worldwide. Advances in modelling now offer the potential to provide early warnings and develop effective tools for managing rising coastal hazards.
{"title":"Early action for coastal communities","authors":"Sanne Muis","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01932-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-01932-3","url":null,"abstract":"Shifts in large-scale climate patterns are reshaping flood risk worldwide. Advances in modelling now offer the potential to provide early warnings and develop effective tools for managing rising coastal hazards.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 3","pages":"239-240"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01916-3
Prajna Paramita Das, Bruce Buffett, Daniel Frost
Seismic anisotropy in the Earth’s inner core refers to the observation that seismic waves travel faster along the Earth’s rotation axis than in the equatorial plane, a feature inferred from decades of global seismological observations. This directional dependence of wave speeds provides important clues about the structure, composition and dynamics of the inner core. Here we explore a coupled thermo-mechanical mechanism for the generation of inner core anisotropy, focusing on the effects of anisotropic thermal conductivity in iron crystals as the inner core cools. We propose that the higher thermal conductivity of iron along the crystallographic c-axis compared with the a-axis leads to differential heat flow, generating temperature anomalies within the inner core. These anomalies drive flow and contribute to the development of elastic anisotropy. Our model suggests that this thermally induced flow mechanism can account for the observed seismic anisotropy without requiring extrinsic contributions. These findings provide insights into the internal dynamics of the inner core, providing a more comprehensive understanding of its thermal evolution and anisotropic properties. Seismic wave velocity variations, or anisotropy, in the Earth’s inner core may be generated by the differing thermal conductivity of iron crystals along their long and short crystallographic axes, according to coupled thermo-mechanical modelling.
{"title":"Generation of inner core anisotropy by anisotropic thermal conductivity of iron crystals","authors":"Prajna Paramita Das, Bruce Buffett, Daniel Frost","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01916-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-01916-3","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic anisotropy in the Earth’s inner core refers to the observation that seismic waves travel faster along the Earth’s rotation axis than in the equatorial plane, a feature inferred from decades of global seismological observations. This directional dependence of wave speeds provides important clues about the structure, composition and dynamics of the inner core. Here we explore a coupled thermo-mechanical mechanism for the generation of inner core anisotropy, focusing on the effects of anisotropic thermal conductivity in iron crystals as the inner core cools. We propose that the higher thermal conductivity of iron along the crystallographic c-axis compared with the a-axis leads to differential heat flow, generating temperature anomalies within the inner core. These anomalies drive flow and contribute to the development of elastic anisotropy. Our model suggests that this thermally induced flow mechanism can account for the observed seismic anisotropy without requiring extrinsic contributions. These findings provide insights into the internal dynamics of the inner core, providing a more comprehensive understanding of its thermal evolution and anisotropic properties. Seismic wave velocity variations, or anisotropy, in the Earth’s inner core may be generated by the differing thermal conductivity of iron crystals along their long and short crystallographic axes, according to coupled thermo-mechanical modelling.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 3","pages":"353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-01916-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01939-w
Wen-Yong Duan, James A. D. Connolly, Peter E. van Keken, Taras Gerya, Hans-Peter Schertl, Arne P. Willner, Xu-Ping Li, San-Zhong Li
Subduction transports oxidized material into Earth’s interior. The Mariana subduction zone is a representative example of modern plate tectonic regimes and provides a comprehensive set of geological, geochemical and geodynamical data. Here we use thermomechanical–thermodynamic numerical methods to simulate redox dynamics and fluid-melt release along a Mariana-type subduction setting in two dimensions, allowing comparison between our model and long-term oxidation events in the Mariana arc. Our findings demonstrate two main mechanisms of subduction-related mantle oxidation. First, sulfide oxidation during subduction enables fluids to carry substantial redox budgets into the sub-arc mantle. Partially hydrated mantle emerges as the primary fluid contributor, followed by altered oceanic crust. Secondly, oxidized iron-rich (Fe3+) partial melts extracted from slab-top sediments and altered oceanic crust exert a dominant influence on back-arc mantle oxidation. The majority of oxidized material is carried into the deeper mantle with subducted slabs. Our work demonstrates that with the advent of modern plate tectonics and efficient lithospheric recycling, oxidized material carried by Mariana-type subduction zones has had a global impact on Earth’s mantle redox evolution and our planet’s oxygenation.
{"title":"Mantle oxidation influenced by reduction-oxidation budget of Mariana-type subduction zones","authors":"Wen-Yong Duan, James A. D. Connolly, Peter E. van Keken, Taras Gerya, Hans-Peter Schertl, Arne P. Willner, Xu-Ping Li, San-Zhong Li","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01939-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01939-w","url":null,"abstract":"Subduction transports oxidized material into Earth’s interior. The Mariana subduction zone is a representative example of modern plate tectonic regimes and provides a comprehensive set of geological, geochemical and geodynamical data. Here we use thermomechanical–thermodynamic numerical methods to simulate redox dynamics and fluid-melt release along a Mariana-type subduction setting in two dimensions, allowing comparison between our model and long-term oxidation events in the Mariana arc. Our findings demonstrate two main mechanisms of subduction-related mantle oxidation. First, sulfide oxidation during subduction enables fluids to carry substantial redox budgets into the sub-arc mantle. Partially hydrated mantle emerges as the primary fluid contributor, followed by altered oceanic crust. Secondly, oxidized iron-rich (Fe3+) partial melts extracted from slab-top sediments and altered oceanic crust exert a dominant influence on back-arc mantle oxidation. The majority of oxidized material is carried into the deeper mantle with subducted slabs. Our work demonstrates that with the advent of modern plate tectonics and efficient lithospheric recycling, oxidized material carried by Mariana-type subduction zones has had a global impact on Earth’s mantle redox evolution and our planet’s oxygenation.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147346867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01940-3
Max J. van Gerrevink, Sander Veraverbeke, Sol Cooperdock, Stefano Potter, Qirui Zhong, Michael Moubarak, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Scott J. Goetz, Michelle C. Mack, James T. Randerson, Nick Schutgens, Merritt R. Turetsky, Guido R. van der Werf, Brendan M. Rogers
The boreal forest biome is warming rapidly, impacting disturbance regimes and global climate. Boreal forest fires have intensified, initiating both climate warming (positive) and climate cooling (negative) impacts across spatial and temporal scales. Here we estimate climate impacts from boreal fires in Alaska and western Canada between 2001 and 2019 using integrated net radiative forcing metrics combining greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions from combustion, vegetation recovery, greenhouse gas emissions from fire-induced permafrost thaw and changes in surface albedo over a 70-year period. We find that fires across Alaska contributed, on average, to net climate warming (0.35 ± 4.66 W m−2 of burned area; one standard deviation), while fires across Canada contributed to net cooling (−2.88 ± 4.17 W m−2 of burned area; one standard deviation). Climate-warming fires occur preferentially in dry, high-elevation, steep permafrost landscapes with high pre-fire black spruce coverage and combust more carbon per unit area. Climate-cooling fires are driven by longer spring snow exposure and occur more frequently in continental regions near the treeline. This fine-scale characterization of component and net radiative forcing advances our understanding of the biogeophysical impacts of fires on high-latitude climate and highlights the need to prioritize fire management in carbon-rich permafrost regions to curb long-term warming.
北方森林生物群落正在迅速变暖，影响着干扰机制和全球气候。北方森林火灾加剧，在时空尺度上引发了气候变暖（积极）和气候变冷（消极）的影响。在这里，我们使用综合净辐射强迫指标，结合燃烧产生的温室气体和气溶胶排放、植被恢复、火灾引起的永久冻土融化产生的温室气体排放以及70年期间地表反照率的变化，估算了2001年至2019年期间阿拉斯加和加拿大西部寒带火灾对气候的影响。我们发现，阿拉斯加的火灾平均导致了气候净变暖（燃烧面积0.35±4.66 W m−2，一个标准差），而加拿大的火灾则导致了气候净变冷（燃烧面积- 2.88±4.17 W m−2，一个标准差）。气候变暖的火灾优先发生在干燥、高海拔、陡峭的永久冻土地带，火灾前黑云杉覆盖率高，单位面积燃烧的碳更多。气候变冷的火灾是由更长的春季降雪造成的，在靠近树木线的大陆地区发生的频率更高。这种对组分和净辐射强迫的精细表征促进了我们对火灾对高纬度气候的生物地球物理影响的理解，并强调了优先考虑富碳永久冻土地区的火灾管理以抑制长期变暖的必要性。
{"title":"Climate impacts from North American boreal forest fires","authors":"Max J. van Gerrevink, Sander Veraverbeke, Sol Cooperdock, Stefano Potter, Qirui Zhong, Michael Moubarak, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Scott J. Goetz, Michelle C. Mack, James T. Randerson, Nick Schutgens, Merritt R. Turetsky, Guido R. van der Werf, Brendan M. Rogers","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01940-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01940-3","url":null,"abstract":"The boreal forest biome is warming rapidly, impacting disturbance regimes and global climate. Boreal forest fires have intensified, initiating both climate warming (positive) and climate cooling (negative) impacts across spatial and temporal scales. Here we estimate climate impacts from boreal fires in Alaska and western Canada between 2001 and 2019 using integrated net radiative forcing metrics combining greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions from combustion, vegetation recovery, greenhouse gas emissions from fire-induced permafrost thaw and changes in surface albedo over a 70-year period. We find that fires across Alaska contributed, on average, to net climate warming (0.35 ± 4.66 W m−2 of burned area; one standard deviation), while fires across Canada contributed to net cooling (−2.88 ± 4.17 W m−2 of burned area; one standard deviation). Climate-warming fires occur preferentially in dry, high-elevation, steep permafrost landscapes with high pre-fire black spruce coverage and combust more carbon per unit area. Climate-cooling fires are driven by longer spring snow exposure and occur more frequently in continental regions near the treeline. This fine-scale characterization of component and net radiative forcing advances our understanding of the biogeophysical impacts of fires on high-latitude climate and highlights the need to prioritize fire management in carbon-rich permafrost regions to curb long-term warming.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147346863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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