Nature Geoscience最新文献

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Author Correction: Recent uplift of Chomolungma enhanced by river drainage piracy

IF 18.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01643-1

Xu Han, Jin-Gen Dai, Adam G. G. Smith, Shi-Ying Xu, Bo-Rong Liu, Cheng-Shan Wang, Matthew Fox

Correction to: Nature Geoscience https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01535-w, published online 30 September 2024.

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: An ongoing satellite–ring cycle of Mars and the origins of Phobos and Deimos

IF 18.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01641-3

Andrew J. Hesselbrock, David A. Minton

Correction to: Nature Geoscience https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2916, published online 20 March 2017.

Correction to：自然-地球科学》https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2916，2017 年 3 月 20 日在线发表。

引用次数: 0

Episodic warm climates on early Mars primed by crustal hydration

IF 18.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01626-8

Danica Adams, Markus Scheucher, Renyu Hu, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Trent B. Thomas, Robin Wordsworth, Eva Scheller, Rob Lillis, Kayla Smith, Heike Rauer, Yuk L. Yung

Geological records indicate that the surface of ancient Mars harboured substantial volumes of liquid water, a resource gradually diminished by processes such as the chemical alteration of crustal materials by hydration and atmospheric escape. However, how a relatively warm climate existed on early Mars to support liquid water under a fainter young Sun is debated. Greenhouse gases such as H₂ in a CO₂-rich atmosphere could have contributed to warming through collision-induced absorption, but whether sufficient H₂ was available to sustain warming remains unclear. Here we use a combined climate and photochemical model to simulate how atmospheric chemistry on early Mars responded to water–rock reactions and climate variations, as constrained by existing observations. We find that H₂ outgassing from crustal hydration and oxidation, supplemented by transient volcanic activity, could have generated sufficient H₂ fluxes to transiently foster warm, humid climates. We estimate that Mars experienced episodic warm periods of an integrated duration of ~40 million years, with each event lasting ≥10⁵ years, consistent with the formation timescale of valley networks. Declining atmospheric CO₂ via surface oxidant sinks or variations in the planet’s axial tilt could have led to abrupt shifts in the planet’s redox state and transition to a CO-dominated atmosphere and cold climate.

地质记录表明，古火星表面蕴藏着大量的液态水，这种资源由于地壳材料的水合化学变化和大气逃逸等过程而逐渐减少。然而，早期火星上相对温暖的气候是如何在较暗的年轻太阳下支持液态水存在的，还存在争议。温室气体（如富含二氧化碳的大气中的 H2）可能会通过碰撞引起的吸收来促进气候变暖，但是否有足够的 H2 来维持气候变暖仍不清楚。在这里，我们利用一个气候和光化学联合模型模拟了早期火星大气化学如何在现有观测数据的约束下对水-岩石反应和气候变迁做出反应。我们发现，地壳水化和氧化产生的 H2 逸出物，再加上瞬时火山活动的补充，可以产生足够的 H2 通量来短暂地促进温暖潮湿的气候。我们估计火星经历了综合持续时间约为4000万年的偶发温暖期，每次持续时间≥105年，与谷网的形成时间尺度一致。通过地表氧化剂汇使大气中的二氧化碳含量下降或行星轴向倾角的变化，可能会导致行星氧化还原状态的突然转变，并过渡到以二氧化碳为主的大气和寒冷气候。

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引用次数: 0

Magma composition drives tremors during a volcanic eruption

IF 18.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01624-w

Near-daily sampling of volcanic ash during a three-month eruption reveals shifts in mantle-derived liquid magma (melt) composition, highlighting its potential as a monitoring and forecasting tool. These shifts align with the amplitude of volcanic tremor, a persistent seismic signal, suggesting a link between magma viscosity, shallow bubble escape dynamics, and tremor changes.

在为期三个月的火山喷发期间，对火山灰进行的近乎每日采样揭示了地幔衍生的液态岩浆（熔体）成分的变化，凸显了其作为监测和预报工具的潜力。这些变化与火山震颤（一种持续的地震信号）的振幅一致，表明岩浆粘度、浅层气泡逸出动力学和震颤变化之间存在联系。

引用次数: 0

Outer planet frontier of geoscience

IF 15.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01627-7

Space exploration has expanded the realm of geoscience to the outermost Solar System. A new generation of missions shines the way.

引用次数: 0

Shifting melt composition linked to volcanic tremor at Cumbre Vieja volcano

IF 18.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01623-x

Marc-Antoine Longpré, Samantha Tramontano, Matthew J. Pankhurst, Diana C. Roman, Miriam C. Reiss, Franco Cortese, Mike R. James, Laura Spina, Fátima Rodríguez, Beverley Coldwell, Alba Martín-Lorenzo, Olivia Barbee, Luca D’Auria, Katy J. Chamberlain, Jane H. Scarrow

Forecasting the onset, evolution and end of volcanic eruptions relies on interpretation of monitoring data—particularly seismic signals, such as persistent volcanic tremor—in relation to causative magmatic processes. Petrology helps establish such links retrospectively but typically lacks the required temporal resolution to directly relate to geophysical data. Here we report major and volatile element compositions of glass from volcanic ash continuously sampled throughout the 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands. The data reveal the evolving chemistry of melts supplied from depth at a daily temporal resolution. Erupted melt compositions become progressively more primitive until the tenth week of activity, but a sharp reversal of this trend then marks the decline of mantle magma supply and a precursory signal to the eruption end. We find that melt SiO₂ content is positively correlated with the amplitude of narrow-band volcanic tremor. Tremor characteristics, inferences from simulations and model calculations point to melt viscosity-controlled degassing dynamics generating variations in tremor amplitude. Our results show promise for a monitoring and forecasting tool capable of quickly identifying rejuvenated and waning phases of volcanic eruptions and illustrate how subtle changes in melt composition may translate to large shifts in geophysical signals.

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引用次数: 0

Daytime heat stress is reduced by agricultural irrigation in North American cities

IF 15.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01618-8

This study examines the influence of agricultural irrigation on heat stress and contrasts it against local impacts of urbanization in North American cities using regional climate model simulations. The results indicate that irrigation decreases air temperature and increases relative humidity, with daytime urban moist heat stress reduced according to most indices.

引用次数: 0

Daytime urban heat stress in North America reduced by irrigation

IF 15.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01613-z

TC Chakraborty, Yun Qian, Jianfeng Li, L. Ruby Leung, Chandan Sarangi

There is considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of irrigation on heat stress, partly stemming from the choice of heat stress index. Moreover, existing simulations are at scales that cannot appropriately resolve population centres or clouds and thus the potential for human impacts. Using multi-year convection-permitting and urban-resolving regional climate simulations, we demonstrate that irrigation alleviates summertime heat stress across more than 1,600 urban clusters in North America. This holds true for most physiologically relevant heat stress indices. The impact of irrigation varies by climate zone, with more notable irrigation signals seen for arid urban clusters that are situated near heavily irrigated fields. Through a component attribution framework, we show that irrigation-induced changes in wet-bulb temperature, often used as a moist heat stress proxy in the geosciences, exhibit an opposite sign to the corresponding changes in wet bulb globe temperature—a more complete index for assessing both indoor and outdoor heat risk—across climate zones. In contrast, the local changes in both wet-bulb and wet bulb globe temperature due to urbanization have the same sign. Our results demonstrate a complex relationship between irrigation and heat stress, highlighting the importance of using appropriate heat stress indices when assessing the potential for population-scale human impacts. Convection-permitting regional climate simulations suggest that irrigation reduces daytime urban heat stress in North America.

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引用次数: 0

Variation in slip behaviour along megathrusts controlled by multiple physical properties

IF 15.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01617-9

Dan Bassett, Donna J. Shillington, Laura M. Wallace, Julie L. Elliott

Megathrusts, faults at the plate interface in subduction zones, exhibit substantial spatiotemporal variability in their slip behaviour. Many previous attempts to discern the physical controls on their slip behaviour have focused on individual variables, often associated with the physical properties of either the subducting plate (for example, its age and roughness) or the overriding plate (for example, its thickness and rigidity). Such studies, which are often location-specific or focused on single variables, have fuelled contrasting views on the relative importance of various physical properties on megathrust slip behaviour. Here we synthesize observations of the Alaska, Hikurangi and Nankai subduction zones to ascertain the main causes of the well-documented changes in interseismic coupling and earthquake behaviour along their megathrusts. In all three cases, along-trench changes in the distribution of rigid crustal rocks in the forearc, the geometry of the subducting slab and the upper-plate stress state drive considerable variability in the downdip width of the seismogenic zone. The subducting plate is systematically rougher in creeping regions, with fault-zone heterogeneity promoting a mixture of moderate to large earthquakes, near-trench seismicity and slow-slip events. Smoother subducting plate segments (with thicker sediment cover) are more strongly correlated with deep interseismic coupling and great (>Mw 8) earthquakes. In the three regions considered, there is no one dominant variable. Rather, we conclude that several physical properties affecting the dimensions and heterogeneity of megathrusts collectively explain observed along-trench transitions in slip behaviour at these subduction zones, and potentially at many other subduction zones worldwide. Multiple factors, including slab geometry and upper-plate stress state, determine the variation in slip behaviour along most megathrusts, according to a synthesis of observations of the Alaska, Hikurangi and Nankai subduction zones.

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引用次数: 0

Capture of an ancient Charon around Pluto

IF 15.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature Geoscience

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01612-0

C. Adeene Denton, Erik Asphaug, Alexandre Emsenhuber, Robert Melikyan

Pluto and Charon are the largest binary system in the known population of trans-Neptunian objects in the outer Solar System. Their shared external orbital axis suggests a linked evolutionary history and collisional origin. Their radii, ~1,200 km and ~600 km, respectively, and Charon’s wide circular orbit of about 16 Pluto radii require a formation mechanism that places a large mass fraction into orbit, with sufficient angular momentum to drive tidal orbital expansion. Here we numerically model the collisional capture of Charon by Pluto using simulations that include material strength. In our simulations, friction distributes impact momentum, leading Charon and Pluto to become temporarily connected, instead of merging, for impacts aligned with the target’s rotation. In this ‘kiss-and-capture’ regime, coalescence of the bodies is prevented by strength. For a prograde target rotation consistent with the system angular momentum, Charon is then tidally decoupled and raised into a near-circular orbit from which it migrates outwards to distances consistent with its present orbit. Charon is captured relatively intact in this scenario, retaining its core and most of its mantle, which implies that Charon could be as ancient as Pluto. Numerical simulations suggest that Pluto’s moon Charon was captured intact, in a scenario in which the two bodies temporarily merged in a collision but did not coalesce due to solid strength effects.

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