Aeolian Research最新文献

The geomorphic and palaeoenvironmental significance of water-induced horizontal layering in arid inland and coastal mediterranean interdunes

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.100963

Giora J. Kidron , Abraham Starinsky , Joel Roskin

Aeolian-fluvial processes on Earth and Mars are drawing recent attention. Hypothesizing that water-induced horizontal layering (WIHL) may serve as an important tool for the reconstruction of the paleogeomorphology and climatology of wind-driven dunefields and sandstone, the properties of three types of WIHL are analyzed. WIHL may stem from floods, runoff or high water table, the distinction of which may be complicated. To study their unique properties and the factors responsible for their occurrence in an inland (Nizzana, Negev Desert) and coastal (Nizzanim; southern coast of Israel) dunefields, basic soil properties were analyzed: the electrical conductivity (EC), silt and clay, i.e., fines content (FC), calcium carbonate (CC), and organic carbon (OC). The findings show thin (commonly ≤ 5–6 cm-thick) disconnected FC- and CC– enriched horizontally-laid lenses within the upper soil profile of the sandy interdune, interpreted as runoff-induced sediments. Flat thick (0.5–1.0 m) and 40–60 m-diameter patches (playas) of fines-enriched sediments, scattered within the Nizzana interdunes, were interpreted as flood-induced sediments. Albic (bleached) horizons at 10–30 cm depth at the coast, which did not exhibit significant changes in FC and CC, were interpreted to result from alternating oxidation and redox sequences during occasionally high water table. The current data indicate that variability in the spatial distribution of FC, CC and OC may point to the origin and factors responsible for the occurrence of variable WIHL. This may assist geologists and sedimentologists to reconstruct high-resolution paleoenvironmental and climatological aeolian-fluvial conditions of coastal, inland and past geological sand bodies and sandstones.

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引用次数: 0

Influences of soil moisture and vegetation cover on dust emission using satellite observations

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.100961

Faisal AlNasser , Abdelghani Chehbouni , Dara Entekhabi

This study presents an observational analysis of dust emission co-factors to high winds using remote sensing data across the North Africa and Western Asia dust belt. Co-factors are parameterized in climate and weather models. Observational evidence of their role and functional dependencies advance our capability to model and predict the important role of dust in radiative processes, far-field ecological nutrient transfers, and human health impacts. We use multiple years of high-temporal resolution (hourly) dust plume data, which enables analyses of emission sources, and plume extents. It also allows us to co-locate environmental factors such as wind speed, soil moisture, and vegetation and synchronize them with the time and location of major dust emission events. We focus on the combined effect of these factors in determining the frequency and intensity of dust storms, as well as identifying wind speed thresholds for dust emission at source areas. Key findings reveal wind speed thresholds twice as high as those reported in previous studies. We focus on two case studies to demonstrate the prominence of the co-factors. The case study of the Syrian Desert during the summer of 2022 illustrates the impact of dry soil, strong winds, and declining vegetation cover on the formation of severe dust storms. Additionally, the case study of the Bodélé Depression demonstrates the influence of reduced wind speed on emission frequency. The findings offer insights into how environmental conditions influence dust emission dynamics, establishing the basis for the development of more accurate dust emission models.

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引用次数: 0

Potential PM10 emission from soil affected by different temperatures in a Caldén Forest of semiarid Pampas, Argentina

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.100962

L.A. de Oro , F. Avecilla , M.S. Larroulet , R.N. Comas , M.J. Mendez

Wind erosion is a major soil degradation process in arid and semi-arid environments, like the semi-arid region of Argentina. Xerophytic Caldén forests in these areas, often experience natural summer fires which reduce vegetation cover and its protective effect on the soil. PM10 (particles with diameters < 10 µm) emission is part of the wind erosion process. In the Caldén forest, cyclically fires affect the physico-chemical properties of the soil, depending on surface temperatures. However, information on how these changes affect soil susceptibility to wind erosion and PM10 emission is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperatures from 100 to 600 °C on Caldén forest soil with varying vegetation cover and its potential to emit PM10 (PE-PM10). Soil samples were collected from Grassland site (gramineous-herbaceous stratum without woody plants influence) and Forest site (shrubby and arboreal stratum). The study evaluated physical (texture, microaggregation, erodible fraction < 0.84 mm) and chemical (total organic carbon −TOC-) surface changes and PE-PM10 after exposure to different temperatures. In both sites, temperatures above 400 °C decreased TOC and altered physical properties by reducing clay and coarse sands content while increasing silt and fine sands content. Erodible fraction increased and the microaggregation decreased with rising temperature. PE-PM10 was correlated in a linear and positive way with temperature in both sites (p < 0.05), with highest emission at 600 °C. Grassland site showed higher emissions than Forest. These results suggested that higher temperatures reduced clay and TOC content, key to soil stability, leading to increased PM10 emissions as microaggregates break down.

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引用次数: 0

Fluid-driven surface change in sediment-limited interdune environments and relevance to Titan

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.100960

A.L. Cohen-Zada , R.C. Ewing , J. Radebaugh

Interdune areas and purported playa-type environments in Saturn’s moon Titan’s dune fields show substantial spatial variability in radar backscatter expression. Using examples from Death Valley, the Middle East, and northern China, this work evaluates terrestrial causes of spatial backscatter heterogeneity in similar aeolian environments. It introduces the importance of temporal change detection in interdune area backscatter expression. Using optical images, time-series radar synthetic aperture radar images, and coordinated meteorological and river discharge data (where available), backscatter variations are related to spatially changing sedimentary environments within sediment-limited areas, i.e., interdune and playas, and temporally changing surface or near-surface moisture conditions. In terrestrial environments, backscatter expression varies over seasonal and annual timescales as a function of the cumulative history of surface change, primarily driven by changes in surface and near-surface moisture from either precipitation or groundwater table rise and fall. On Titan, evidence for equatorial methane flow channels suggests that arid-climate surfaces may undergo temporal evolutions like those observed on Earth. Fluid flow and evaporite formation play crucial roles in the existence and alteration of patterns in Earth’s interdunes. By analogy, these mechanisms are also expected to be at work on Titan. Despite differences between terrestrial and Titan radar observations, considering surface dynamics and evolution over time on Titan may be critical for analyzing its arid, equatorial environments.

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引用次数: 0

Aeolian influences on gully erosion in clay-rich soils in a humid subtropical climate, Southeast USA

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100959

Robert McSweeney, Ingrid Luffman, Arpita Nandi

This study evaluates aeolian processes as significant but overlooked factors in runoff-driven gully erosion in humid subtropical climates. A network of 105 erosion pins installed in gully channels, interfluves, and sidewalls on an eroding hillslope in southern Appalachia was monitored weekly (2012–2018); concurrently, meteorological data were collected on site every 5 min. Wind variables were aggregated to weekly periods and statistical analyses (correlation, autocorrelation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression) were performed to (i) determine impacts of wind and wind-driven rain on gully erosion, (ii) assess seasonal gully erosion patterns relative to wind and wind-driven rain, and (iii) evaluate slope aspect effects on erosion of gully sidewalls. Annual OLS regression models for gully erosion using wind variables had low explanatory power (adjusted R² = 0.067 (channels) to 0.197 (sidewalls)). The greatest gully erosion activity occurred in winter and spring aligning with periods of highest wind speeds; seasonal erosion and wind patterns were confirmed with autocorrelation. Seasonal OLS regression models had higher explanatory power (adjusted R² = 0.044 to 0.367), with strongest models in autumn, suggesting seasonal importance of wind-related drivers for gully erosion. Southwesterly prevailing wind direction was normal to the gully axis, suggesting influence of slope aspect; higher erosion rates were recorded in the windward sidewalls but differences were statistically insignificant. Though rainfall and freeze–thaw activity are primary drivers of gully erosion in southern Appalachia, this analysis confirms that seasonal aeolian processes are significant contributors. These results may be used to improve standard predictive models of gully erosion in humid subtropical climates.

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引用次数: 0

Dust transport pathways from The Great Basin

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100958

Ronald S. Treminio , Nicholas P. Webb , Saroj Dhital , Akasha Faist , Beth Newingham , Colby Brungard , David DuBois , Brandon L. Edwards , Emily Kachergis

The Great Basin is at risk of increased wind erosion and dust emissions due to grazing pressure, urbanization, wildfire, and non-native plant invasion. Recent efforts to quantify wind erosion risk on Great Basin rangelands identified high to extreme wind erosion and dust emission hotspots. However, the spatial extent and seasonal variability of dust transport pathways from the Great Basin, and thus the local and regional dust impacts, are not well understood. Here, we computed forward air-parcel trajectories using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model using the North American Regional Reanalysis 32-km meteorological data and kernel density analysis to describe potential seasonal dust transport pathways associated with three Great Basin wind erosion hotspots. Probability mass-densities for six different heights above ground level (AGL) were estimated to describe the spatial and vertical extent of potential dust transport across North America. A large proportion of trajectories occurred within 0 – 500 m AGL in spring (25.9 % − 32.7 %), fall (33.6 % − 35.1 %), and winter (44.1 % − 53.8 %). The proportion of trajectories at 2000 – 5000 m AGL is highest in summer (32.1 % − 39.8 %) and spring (23.0 % − 23.3 %). Thus, long range west-to-east transport of dust over North America is likeliest in summer. However, local redistribution of dust near hotspots, is more likely in spring, fall, and winter. This study helps to link potential dust transport pathways to wind erosion hotspots for mitigating the local and regional impacts of dust emissions, informing rangeland management strategies, and improving air quality assessments across North America.

由于放牧压力、城市化、野火和非本地植物入侵，大盆地面临着风蚀和粉尘排放增加的风险。最近对大盆地牧场的风蚀风险进行量化的工作确定了风蚀和沙尘排放的高危和极端热点地区。然而，人们对来自大盆地的沙尘传输路径的空间范围和季节性变化，以及对当地和区域沙尘的影响还不甚了解。在此，我们使用混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型，利用北美区域再分析 32 公里气象数据和核密度分析，计算了前向空气包裹轨迹，以描述与大盆地三个风蚀热点相关的潜在季节性沙尘传输路径。估算了离地面（AGL）六种不同高度的概率质量密度，以描述北美潜在沙尘传输的空间和垂直范围。在春季（25.9% - 32.7%）、秋季（33.6% - 35.1%）和冬季（44.1% - 53.8%），大部分轨迹发生在 0 - 500 m AGL 范围内。在 2000 - 5000 米 AGL 高度的飞行轨迹比例在夏季（32.1 % - 39.8 %）和春季（23.0 % - 23.3 %）最高。因此，北美上空由西向东的尘埃长程飘移最可能发生在夏季。不过，在春季、秋季和冬季，热点地区附近的沙尘更有可能发生局部再分布。这项研究有助于将潜在的沙尘传输路径与风蚀热点联系起来，以减轻沙尘排放对当地和区域的影响，为牧场管理战略提供信息，并改善整个北美地区的空气质量评估。

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引用次数: 0

Lagging behind: Impact of non-native gravel within a coastal dune system

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100957

Phillip P. Schmutz , Tynon Briggs , Samantha Seals

Recent research has increasingly focused on the intricate relationship between wind dynamics and sediment transport in coastal settings, particularly how surface features affect aeolian transport processes. Non-erodible roughness elements such as gravel or shell deposits play a significant role by altering wind flow and raising the wind velocity threshold required to mobilize sediment. Despite advancements in modeling, fully understanding sediment transport dynamics remains challenging due to the complex interactions between surface features and wind dynamics. This study explores the influence of non-erodible lag surfaces on sediment transport in sandy barrier island environments. Fieldwork on Santa Rosa Island, Florida, involved two plots: one with a natural sandy surface and another with a gravel lag surface. Wind and sediment transport were monitored for three months using cup anemometers and Wenglor particle counters. Spline regression models identified a two-knot system at wind speed thresholds of 9 ms⁻¹ and 11 ms⁻¹, representing critical changes in sediment transport dynamics. Our results show that non-erodible surfaces significantly reduce sediment transport at lower wind speeds. At wind speeds below 9 ms⁻¹, sediment transport on the lag surface was 131 percent lower than on the non-lag surface. However, as wind speeds increased, the influence of the lag surface diminished, and no significant difference in transport was observed at wind speeds above 11 ms⁻¹. These findings emphasize the intricate role of non-erodible elements in reducing sediment transport at lower wind speeds while enhancing transport dynamics under stronger wind conditions. These insights inform future models and guide coastal management practices.

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引用次数: 0

Combining modeling and isotopic signatures to track Aeolian dust from source to sink in the Wasatch Front, Utah, USA

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100954

Zachary Lawless , Ty Hosler , Bradley R. Adams , Gregory T. Carling

Dust events are tracked from source to sink using geochemical/isotopic tracers, dust emission and transport modeling, or remote sensing, but these tools are rarely used together. To test the utility of combining multiple dust tracking methods, we used three Wasatch Front (Utah) dust events from August 2009, May 2020, and September 2020 to compare source apportionment estimated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios. The Wasatch Front is impacted by atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from local urban sources and regional playas including Sevier Dry Lake, Great Salt Lake (GSL), and the GSL Desert. CMAQ modeling of the August 2009 event showed dust emission and transport from multiple playa sources to the Salt Lake City measurement site as wind patterns changed during the storm. The predicted mix of sources was consistent with the measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.71217 on the PM₁₀ filter collected during the event. Modeling of the May 2020 period showed a consistent meteorological pattern that carried dust from the Sevier Dry Lake area toward the Provo measurement site, consistent with the measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.71015. Modeling of the September 2020 period indicated a major dust event with complex wind patterns that changed during the event, resulting in relatively small amounts of dust from GSL Desert being transported to the Provo site. No emissions from Sevier Dry Lake were predicted to reach the site during the September event, suggesting GSL Desert contributions were mixed with local dust with a lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio to produce the measured value of 0.71097. Results from the three dust events demonstrate the benefits of combining CMAQ emission and transport modeling with isotopic data from PM₁₀ filters to better characterize dust source-to-sink behavior in Utah, and illustrate the potential for application in other arid regions.

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引用次数: 0

Implications of gravel content on aerodynamic parameters, sand flux, erosion and accumulation during deflation processes over Gobi 戈壁上空放气过程中砾石含量对空气动力参数、沙通量、侵蚀和堆积的影响

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100946

Hongxue Zhang , Kecun Zhang , Zhishan An , Chengjie Xue , Jiapeng Pan , Lihai Tan

The deflationary process of the Gobi Desert contributes to the release of atmospheric dust and may lead to sand hazards. This process is influenced by the presence of gravel on the desert surface. While extensive research has been conducted on the impact of gravel coverage on sand transport, there is lack of studies examining the wind-sand characteristics across varying gravel content in mixed beds of sand and gravel. In a series of wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic parameters, sand flux, and both erosion and accumulation amount were measured across beds with differing gravel contents. The findings revealed that the maximum roughness and friction velocity were observed at a 35 % gravel content. As gravel content increased, both the sand flux density (q) and the total sand flux within 30 cm (q_t30) declined, whereas the saltation height (h₅₀) increased. Both the deflation rate and the sediment entrainment rate showed a decrease as the gravel content increased from 15 % to 55 %. Although particle flux density exhibited significant fluctuations, no clear correlation with gravel content was found. The deflation process is accompanied by distinct stripes of sand accumulation at 15 % and 25 % gravel contents, owing to the saturated sand flow characterized by a high sand entrainment rate and particle flux density. In contrast, a gravel content of 55 % exhibited stability with only minor deflation, corresponding to a low sand entrainment rate and particle flux density, thus approaching an equilibrium state. This observation indicates that increasing gravel content effectively slows the deflation rate.

戈壁滩的塌陷过程会导致大气中尘埃的释放，并可能引发沙尘灾害。这一过程受到沙漠表面砾石的影响。虽然已经对砾石覆盖对沙尘输送的影响进行了大量研究，但缺乏对沙砾混床中不同砾石含量下的风沙特性的研究。在一系列风洞实验中，对不同砾石含量的沙床进行了空气动力参数、沙通量、侵蚀量和堆积量的测量。实验结果表明，砾石含量为 35% 时，粗糙度和摩擦速度最大。随着砾石含量的增加，30 厘米范围内的砂通量密度（q）和总砂通量（qt30）都在下降，而盐化高度（h50）则在增加。随着砾石含量从 15% 增加到 55%，放气率和泥沙夹带率均有所下降。虽然颗粒通量密度表现出明显的波动，但与砾石含量没有明显的相关性。在砾石含量为 15% 和 25% 时，由于饱和砂流具有高夹砂率和颗粒通量密度的特点，放气过程伴随着明显的砂堆积条纹。与此相反，砾石含量为 55 % 时，由于夹沙率和颗粒通量密度较低，只表现出轻微放气的稳定性，从而接近平衡状态。这一观察结果表明，增加砾石含量可有效减缓放气速率。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of different approaches for estimating shear velocity in aeolian research studies 评估风化研究中估算剪切速度的不同方法

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100945

Pei Zhang , Brandon L. Edwards , Nicholas P. Webb , Andrew Trautz , John A. Gillies , Nancy P. Ziegler , Justin W. Van Zee

Sonic anemometry represents an important technological advance for aeolian studies, fostering better understanding of near-surface turbulence and improved methods for estimating shear velocity (

u_{*}

). Here, we compare

u_{*}

estimated from the Law of the Wall approach and from four methods that use 3-D wind vector measurements from sonic anemometers: double rotation, triple rotation, planar fit, and a newly developed approach based on invariants of the Reynolds stress tensor. Data were collected over 7.5 months at the Jornada Experimental Range in the Chihuahuan Desert, southern New Mexico, USA. We used

u_{*}

estimates from the double rotation method as a reference for comparing the other methods because of its prevalence in the aeolian literature. On average,

u_{*}

estimates from the other three methods are within 5.0 % of estimates from the double rotation approach. Estimates from the triple rotation approach were 2.2 % lower on average. Estimates from the planar fit method were the most similar, within 1.3 % on average. Estimates from the stress tensor approach were 4.9 % larger on average. We found significant discrepancies, ranging from −14.7 % to 13.7 %, among

u_{*}

estimated from the Law of the Wall and the other methods. This underscores the need for careful methodology selection to ensure accurate characterization of boundary layer turbulence.

声波风速测量是风化研究的一项重要技术进步，有助于更好地了解近地表湍流和改进剪切速度（u∗）的估算方法。在这里，我们比较了根据壁面定律方法和利用声波风速计三维风矢量测量的四种方法估算的 u∗：双旋转、三旋转、平面拟合和基于雷诺应力张量不变式的新开发方法。我们在美国新墨西哥州南部奇瓦瓦沙漠的乔纳达实验场收集了 7.5 个月的数据。我们使用双旋转法估算的 u∗ 作为比较其他方法的参考，因为该方法在风化文献中非常普遍。平均而言，其他三种方法得出的 u∗ 估计值与双旋转法得出的估计值相差 5.0%。三重旋转法的估计值平均低 2.2%。平面拟合方法的估计值最为接近，平均在 1.3 %以内。应力张量法的估计值平均高出 4.9%。我们发现，用墙体定律和其他方法估算的 u∗ 存在很大差异，从-14.7%到13.7%不等。这强调了需要谨慎选择方法，以确保边界层湍流的准确特征。

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引用次数: 0