Polar Science最新文献

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Assessment of various microwave brightness temperature products and methods for surface melt detection over Greenland ice sheet 格陵兰冰盖表面融化探测的各种微波亮度温度产品和方法评估

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101097

Pooja Mishra , Naveen Tripathi , S.R. Oza , S.K. Singh , N.Y. Bhatt , P.M. Solanki

Microwave brightness temperature have widely been used for the detection of the ice sheet's surface melt conditions and understanding their spatio-temporal variability. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature products from three different sensors, namely, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and Indian scatterometer satellite (SCATSAT-1) for surface melt detection over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). In-situ air temperature measurements from GC-Net AWSs were used for sensitivity and inter-comparison analysis. Our findings show that brightness temperature (T_b) from SSMIS better correlates (P_coef = 0.81 for 19 GHz) with air temperature measurements in comparison to AMSR2 (P_coef = 0.7 for 18 GHz) and SCATSAT-1 (P_coef = 0.67). However, interestingly, AMSR2 and SCATSAT-1 uniquely discriminated the surface conditions during pre- and post-melt period, due to their heterogeneity in T_b values during the two period. Error analysis with respect to AWS melt days shows that SSMIS 19 GHz T_b (T_b/SSMIS/19H) products with TED method giving the most promising observations. A wide variability in T_b values is observed during the melt season across the various AWS sites depending upon the elevation, location and frequency. During our study period, using T_b/SSMIS/19H for TED method, we observed the highest melt extent area for the extreme melt event in year 2019 (∼1.12 million km²), followed by another melt event year 2021 when it went as high as ∼1.02 million km².

{"title":"Assessment of various microwave brightness temperature products and methods for surface melt detection over Greenland ice sheet","authors":"Pooja Mishra , Naveen Tripathi , S.R. Oza , S.K. Singh , N.Y. Bhatt , P.M. Solanki","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Microwave brightness temperature have widely been used for the detection of the ice sheet's surface melt conditions and understanding their spatio-temporal variability. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature products from three different sensors, namely, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and Indian scatterometer satellite (SCATSAT-1) for surface melt detection over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). In-situ air temperature measurements from GC-Net </span>AWSs were used for sensitivity and inter-comparison analysis. Our findings show that brightness temperature (T</span><sub>b</sub>) from SSMIS better correlates (P<sub>coef</sub> = 0.81 for 19 GHz) with air temperature measurements in comparison to AMSR2 (P<sub>coef</sub> = 0.7 for 18 GHz) and SCATSAT-1 (P<sub>coef</sub> = 0.67). However, interestingly, AMSR2 and SCATSAT-1 uniquely discriminated the surface conditions during pre- and post-melt period, due to their heterogeneity in T<sub>b</sub> values during the two period. Error analysis with respect to AWS melt days shows that SSMIS 19 GHz T<sub>b</sub> (T<sub>b/SSMIS/19H</sub>) products with <span><em>TED</em></span> method giving the most promising observations. A wide variability in T<sub>b</sub> values is observed during the melt season across the various AWS sites depending upon the elevation, location and frequency. During our study period, using T<sub>b/SSMIS/19H</sub> for <em>TED</em> method, we observed the highest melt extent area for the extreme melt event in year 2019 (∼1.12 million km<sup>2</sup>), followed by another melt event year 2021 when it went as high as ∼1.02 million km<sup>2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling risk factors influencing the selection of the Northern Sea Route: A conjoint analysis approach for Japanese shippers

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101129

Shinichi Yamaguchi , Hidetaka Oshima , Shinnosuke Tanabe , Hajime Yamaguchi

This paper explores how Japanese corporations assess risks associated with using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a new maritime transport route in Asia and identifies measures to promote its usage. We address two key questions: (1) What risks influence shippers' route choices in maritime transport? (2) Does risk evaluation vary by cargo type and company size? Using choice-based conjoint analysis and a conditional logit model with online survey data, we identified five main risk factors influencing shippers: route unavailability rate, delay probability, piracy probability, transport costs, and war conditions, ranked in importance from highest to lowest as war conditions, delay probability, transport costs, route unavailability rate, and piracy probability. Additionally, the risk factors significantly influencing route selection were found to be robust, showing minimal variation across company size, type of trade (import/export), and the nature of the goods transported. Our findings suggest several policy implications. Diplomatic efforts are crucial for safe vessel navigation on the NSR. Government initiatives should focus on reducing transport delays through technology investments and implementing strategies to decrease NSR delay rates without increasing shippers' costs. Additionally, emphasizing the lower piracy risks on the NSR compared to Suez Canal Route could boost its attractiveness.

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引用次数: 0

Mercury levels in tissues (cartilage, skin, and muscle) of the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus): Potential contamination sources and implications for health and conservation 格陵兰鲨（Somniosus microcephalus）组织（软骨、皮肤和肌肉）中的汞含量：潜在污染源及其对健康和保护的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101079

Sebastian Biton-Porsmoguer , Françoise Marco-Miralles , Marc Bouchoucha

The jaws of the Greenland shark have high levels of mercury. Hg of cartilage in comparison with skin and muscle from the same specimen makes it possible to apprehend the distribution of the pollutant in the body. The level of the pollutant between jaw, skin and fresh meat (muscle) shows a strong correlation. The muscle is the most contaminated element in comparison with the skin and cartilage. The species presents the highest levels among different groups of sharks and the results are in accordance with previous studies. Marine ecosystems in the Arctic are globally contaminated by mercury (atmosphere, water, sediments, food web). The methylmercury reduces blood calcium levels, directly affecting the metabolism of cartilage cells. Even if cases of malformations could not be observed in the Greenland shark, numerous cases for other shark species have been documented in connection with heavy metals (e.g., Hg), and in particular for aplacental viviparous with potential morphological anomalies on embryos. The situation of the Greenland shark is worrying due to the conservation status, the fishing catches, the tardive sexual maturity and reproduction, the climate change and the level of mercury on its organism. The results incite to recommend ecological, environmental and fisheries management measures.

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引用次数: 0

Rapid deceleration in the ice-flow velocity of the Shirase Glacier ice tongue and its influence on the velocity field: Observations from Sentinel-1 C-SAR 白濑冰川冰舌冰流速度的快速减速及其对速度场的影响：来自哨兵-1 C-SAR 的观测数据

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101109

S. Ohkawa , K. Doi , K. Nakamura , Y. Aoyama , H. Nagai

Temporal and spatial variations in the ice-flow speed of Shirase Glacier ice tongue in East Antarctica between July 2018 and December 2021 were investigated using Sentinel-1 C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (C-SAR) imagery. We identified pronounced slowdown events in the eastern part of the outer ice tongue, 30–40 km from the grounding line in 2020 and 55 km in 2021. Comparison of ice thickness and bathymetry in areas where the deceleration events occurred suggests that the events were caused by icebergs grounding or landing on the seafloor. The absence of slowdown propagation towards the grounding line demonstrates the ice tongue offers very limited buttressing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing glacier dynamics, particularly in the context of grounding events and their localized impacts.

利用哨兵-1 C 波段合成孔径雷达（C-SAR）图像研究了 2018 年 7 月至 2021 年 12 月期间南极洲东部白濑冰川冰舌冰流速度的时空变化。我们在外层冰舌东部发现了明显的减速事件，2020 年在距接地线 30-40 公里处，2021 年在距接地线 55 公里处。对发生减速事件区域的冰层厚度和水深进行比较后发现，减速事件是由冰山接地或着陆到海底引起的。向接地线方向没有减速传播表明冰舌提供的支撑非常有限。这项研究有助于更好地了解影响冰川动力学的因素，特别是在接地事件及其局部影响方面。

引用次数: 0

Annual velocities of the ablation zone of Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya: Trends and controlling factors 喜马拉雅山西部 Panchi Nala 冰川消融区的年速度：趋势和控制因素

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101068

Purushottam Kumar Garg , Mohit Prajapati , Aparna Shukla , Supratim Guha , Iram Ali

Information on the glacier velocity is imperative to understand the glacier ice volume, supraglacial feature evolution and glacier-climate interaction. The present study investigates annual velocities of the ablation zone (∼4500–4800 m asl) of Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya through feature tracking. For this, multi-temporal Landsat (TM and OLI) and Sentinel −2 MSI images, acquired between 2000 and 2021, were correlated using the Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) tool. Results reveal a mean velocity of the ablation zone to be 10.6 ± 5.6 m/y during 2000–2021, with the highest (13.8 ± 4.6 m/y) and lowest velocity (8.9 ± 2.8 m/y) observed in 2005 and 2015, respectively. There is no significant trend in the velocity, rather it is highly heterogeneous on the inter-annual scale. Further, the influence of several factors such as slope, debris cover, altitude, annual average temperature and precipitation on the glacier velocity was investigated. Results indicate that the inter-annual heterogeneity in velocity is inversely correlated with the variation of summer precipitation implying that an increase in summer precipitation decreases the glacier velocity. The spatio-temporal velocity variations are also linked with the presence of supraglacial ponds, ice cliffs and heterogeneous debris distribution over the glacier. Findings indicate that, though annual glacier velocities have not changed significantly, their magnitudes are consistently low which coupled with consistent debris increase (19.74%) and gentle slope (8.2° over ablation zone) can promote rapid growth of supraglacial ponds and ice cliffs.

{"title":"Annual velocities of the ablation zone of Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya: Trends and controlling factors","authors":"Purushottam Kumar Garg , Mohit Prajapati , Aparna Shukla , Supratim Guha , Iram Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information on the glacier velocity is imperative to understand the glacier ice volume, supraglacial feature evolution and glacier-climate interaction. The present study investigates annual velocities of the ablation zone (∼4500–4800 m asl) of Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya through feature tracking. For this, multi-temporal Landsat (TM and OLI) and Sentinel −2 MSI images, acquired between 2000 and 2021, were correlated using the Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) tool. Results reveal a mean velocity of the ablation zone to be 10.6 ± 5.6 m/y during 2000–2021, with the highest (13.8 ± 4.6 m/y) and lowest velocity (8.9 ± 2.8 m/y) observed in 2005 and 2015, respectively. There is no significant trend in the velocity, rather it is highly heterogeneous on the inter-annual scale. Further, the influence of several factors such as slope, debris cover, altitude, annual average temperature and precipitation on the glacier velocity was investigated. Results indicate that the inter-annual heterogeneity in velocity is inversely correlated with the variation of summer precipitation implying that an increase in summer precipitation decreases the glacier velocity. The spatio-temporal velocity variations are also linked with the presence of supraglacial ponds, ice cliffs and heterogeneous debris distribution over the glacier. Findings indicate that, though annual glacier velocities have not changed significantly, their magnitudes are consistently low which coupled with consistent debris increase (19.74%) and gentle slope (8.2° over ablation zone) can promote rapid growth of supraglacial ponds and ice cliffs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ALBATROSS: Advancing Southern Ocean tide modelling with high resolution and enhanced bathymetry

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101124

Eva Le Merle , Carole Belot , Ergane Fouchet , Mathilde Cancet , Ole Baltazar Andersen , Florent Lyard , Geir Moholdt , Michel Tsamados , Mahmoud El Hajj , Josephine Maton , Jérôme Benveniste , Marco Restano

The knowledge of bathymetry and ocean tides plays a pivotal role at the crossroads of various scientific fields, especially in the Polar regions. Its significance extends to ocean circulation modeling and understanding the coupled dynamical response of the ocean, sea-ice and ice-sheet systems. In the Southern Ocean, conventional satellite altimetry measurements are rare below the 66° parallel. Hydrodynamic models are thus useful tools to provide spatially continuous information about ocean tides. However, the accuracy of ocean tide models around the Antarctic continent is currently limited by the quality of bathymetry. Recent reprocessing of decade-long CryoSat-2 data has facilitated a new computation of bathymetry around Antarctica, bringing innovative information on bathymetry gradients. This, combined with new compilations of bathymetry, ice draft, coastline, and grounding line datasets in ice-shelf regions, allows improving models and knowledge of ocean tides in the Southern Ocean. We developed a new high-resolution tidal model that implements the improved bathymetry data and includes data assimilation of satellite-altimetry tidal retrievals computed from CryoSat-2, filling the gap between the 66°S-limited coverage of the TOPEX-Jason suite missions and the Antarctic coast. Comparisons with tidal estimates derived from tide gauge measurements showed very good consistencies with an RMSE of 3 cm.

{"title":"ALBATROSS: Advancing Southern Ocean tide modelling with high resolution and enhanced bathymetry","authors":"Eva Le Merle , Carole Belot , Ergane Fouchet , Mathilde Cancet , Ole Baltazar Andersen , Florent Lyard , Geir Moholdt , Michel Tsamados , Mahmoud El Hajj , Josephine Maton , Jérôme Benveniste , Marco Restano","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The knowledge of bathymetry and ocean tides plays a pivotal role at the crossroads of various scientific fields, especially in the Polar regions. Its significance extends to ocean circulation modeling and understanding the coupled dynamical response of the ocean, sea-ice and ice-sheet systems. In the Southern Ocean, conventional satellite altimetry measurements are rare below the 66° parallel. Hydrodynamic models are thus useful tools to provide spatially continuous information about ocean tides. However, the accuracy of ocean tide models around the Antarctic continent is currently limited by the quality of bathymetry. Recent reprocessing of decade-long CryoSat-2 data has facilitated a new computation of bathymetry around Antarctica, bringing innovative information on bathymetry gradients. This, combined with new compilations of bathymetry, ice draft, coastline, and grounding line datasets in ice-shelf regions, allows improving models and knowledge of ocean tides in the Southern Ocean. We developed a new high-resolution tidal model that implements the improved bathymetry data and includes data assimilation of satellite-altimetry tidal retrievals computed from CryoSat-2, filling the gap between the 66°S-limited coverage of the TOPEX-Jason suite missions and the Antarctic coast. Comparisons with tidal estimates derived from tide gauge measurements showed very good consistencies with an RMSE of 3 cm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The diversity, composition and functions of soil bacterial communities surrounding Syowa Station, East Antarctica, under different intensities of human disturbances 不同人为干扰强度下南极洲东部 Syowa 站周围土壤细菌群落的多样性、组成和功能

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101095

Shu-Kuan Wong , Satoshi Imura , Masaki Uchida , Kenichi Watanabe , Mizuho Mori , Sakae Kudoh

Since the establishment of Syowa Station over six decades ago, the study on the terrestrial bacterial community surrounding the station has been notably lacking and inadequately documented. Using the latest sequencing technology, we revealed the soil bacterial composition from soil samples collected from the surrounding of the station. In doing so, we also assessed the effect of human disturbances brought upon by different activities in the proximity of the station, in contrast to those in less human interference and pristine areas. Our results show that human activities near the main station facilities, especially within the 100-m range, visibly changed the structure and functions of the soil microbial community. Areas with high levels of human disturbances displayed a decrease in both microbial diversity and richness, accompanied by a lower count of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) compared to regions with intermediate and low human disturbances. Moreover, higher proportions of functions related to hydrocarbon degradation were also predicted from samples collected within this area. In contrast, soil microbial communities from intermediate and low human disturbances samples have higher proportions of bacterial groups and functions consistent with those in undisturbed natural habitats.

{"title":"The diversity, composition and functions of soil bacterial communities surrounding Syowa Station, East Antarctica, under different intensities of human disturbances","authors":"Shu-Kuan Wong , Satoshi Imura , Masaki Uchida , Kenichi Watanabe , Mizuho Mori , Sakae Kudoh","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Since the establishment of Syowa Station over six decades ago, the study on the terrestrial bacterial community surrounding the station has been notably lacking and inadequately documented. Using the latest sequencing technology, we revealed the soil bacterial composition from soil samples collected from the surrounding of the station. In doing so, we also assessed the effect of human disturbances brought upon by different activities in the proximity of the station, in contrast to those in less human interference and pristine areas. Our results show that human activities near the main station facilities, especially within the 100-m range, visibly changed the structure and functions of the </span>soil microbial community<span>. Areas with high levels of human disturbances displayed a decrease in both microbial diversity and richness, accompanied by a lower count of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) compared to regions with intermediate and low human disturbances. Moreover, higher proportions of functions related to hydrocarbon degradation were also predicted from samples collected within this area. In contrast, soil microbial communities from intermediate and low human disturbances samples have higher proportions of bacterial groups and functions consistent with those in undisturbed natural habitats.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of atmospheric and oceanic processes on interannual summertime (2016–2017) decrease of sea ice in the Antarctic regions of the Southern Ocean 大气和海洋过程对南大洋南极地区夏季海冰年际减少（2016-2017 年）的作用

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101108

Ananthu Pradeep , A. Mukherjee

In this article, the interannual variability of sea ice in the Antarctic sea ice regions between 2013–2018 is studied using a global ocean sea ice coupled model and satellite observation. The numerical model reasonably well simulates satellite observed interannual variability of sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Antarctic regions of Southern Ocean during all four austral seasons; summer (December–February), autumn (March–May), winter (June–August), and spring (September–November).

A comparison of satellite and model shows that, during last two decades between 2001–2020, summertime of 2016–2017 had the lowest (highest) SIC (SST) across the Antarctic sea ice regions. Mixed layer heat budget analysis has been performed to comprehend how thermodynamic processes affect changes in SIC and SST in the Antarctic sea ice regions. The strong positive net atmospheric heat flux and the negative ocean vertical entrainment during summertime of 2016–2017 resulted in increased SST compared to other years, which lead to decreased SIC during above years. Also, loss of sea ice during summertime of 2016–2017 in the Antarctic sea ice regions are linked with significant decrease of wind stress magnitude and increase of wind stress curl.

本文利用全球海洋海冰耦合模式和卫星观测，研究了 2013-2018 年间南极海冰区海冰的年际变化。数值模式合理地模拟了卫星观测到的南大洋南极海冰区夏季（12 月-2 月）、秋季（3 月-5 月）、冬季（6 月-8 月）和春季（9 月-11 月）海冰浓度（SIC）和海面温度（SST）的年际变化。

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引用次数: 0

The marine methane cycle in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during summer

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101128

Alessandra D'Angelo , Cynthia Garcia , Zak Kerrigan , Jacob Strock , Frances Crable , Nikolas VanKeersbilck , Humair Raziuddin , Theressa Ewa , Samira Umar , Andrew L. King , Miquel Gonzalez-Meler , Brice Loose

In the Arctic Ocean, methane concentrations surpassing global averages are prevalent, especially along sub-Arctic and Arctic continental shelf margins. Despite elevated dissolved methane levels, the Arctic Ocean exhibits minimal methane fluxes to the atmosphere, indicating a potential role of water column oxidation in methane processing. During the Northwest Passage Project in the summer of 2019, we integrated thermohaline, chemical, and biological data with in-situ and in-vitro methane data in Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) waters. Elevated in-situ dissolved methane was prominent in near-surface Pacific waters (between 2 and 7 m), particularly in meltwater regions, with av. concentrations of 5.8 ± 2.5 nM within the upper 30m. While methane oxidation constants were generally low (av. 0.006 ± 0.002 d⁻¹), surface waters in Wellington Channel and Croker Bay exhibited higher rates (av. 0.01 ± 0.0004 d⁻¹), associated with Pacific-origin microbial taxa like Oleispira and Aurantivirga. Deeper layers (>200 m) displayed lower methane concentrations (av. 3.1 ± 1.1 nM) and oxidation rates (av. 0.005 ± 0.001 d⁻¹). Sea ice showed elevated dissolved methane concentrations (av. 9.2 ± 5 nM). Waters in the western CAA exhibited a 25% increase in methane concentrations compared to ice-free areas. The overall picture suggested supersaturation of in-situ methane in shallow waters (between 2 and 50 m), coupled with faster oxidation rates in meltwater and Pacific dominant layers, suggesting rapid seasonal cycling of methane and prevention of the methane migration into the atmosphere.

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of pollutants accumulation in the snow of an urban agglomeration 城市群积雪中污染物积累的动态变化

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101072

Aleksandr Yu Kozhevnikov , Nikita A. Shutskiy , Semen L. Shestakov , Alexey V. Malkov , Dmitriy E. Lahmanov

Snowpack properties allow using snow as a convenient indicator of atmospheric air pollution, precipitation, and eventually soil pollution. There is a high probability of trace elements and organic pollutants accumulation on the snow cover acting as the deposit matrix. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the content of metals (Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Pb and Ba) in filtered and unfiltered samples and the content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (18 basic PAHs) in weekly snow sampling in the city and nearby. The obtained results were collated with the content of the same contaminants in the snow sampled layer by layer at the end of the season (layer thickness was 0.1 m). In result of the study, we concluded that the sampling should be carried out right after the precipitation for the purpose of atmospheric pollution estimation, because most of heavy metals migrate through the snow layers into soil cover and get lost by the end of the season. The organic pollutants, such as PAHs, are also lost. The sampling of snow during the whole season allows identifying the global and local sources of contaminants released into the atmosphere.

{"title":"Dynamics of pollutants accumulation in the snow of an urban agglomeration","authors":"Aleksandr Yu Kozhevnikov , Nikita A. Shutskiy , Semen L. Shestakov , Alexey V. Malkov , Dmitriy E. Lahmanov","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Snowpack<span><span> properties allow using snow as a convenient indicator of atmospheric air pollution, precipitation, and eventually soil pollution. There is a high probability of trace elements and </span>organic pollutants accumulation on the snow cover acting as the deposit matrix. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the content of metals (Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Pb and Ba) in filtered and unfiltered samples and the content of </span></span>polyaromatic hydrocarbons<span> (18 basic PAHs) in weekly snow sampling in the city and nearby. The obtained results were collated with the content of the same contaminants in the snow sampled layer by layer at the end of the season (layer thickness was 0.1 m). In result of the study, we concluded that the sampling should be carried out right after the precipitation for the purpose of atmospheric pollution estimation, because most of heavy metals migrate through the snow layers into soil cover and get lost by the end of the season. The organic pollutants, such as PAHs, are also lost. The sampling of snow during the whole season allows identifying the global and local sources of contaminants released into the atmosphere.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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