Pub Date : 2019-12-17eCollection Date: 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4
Cecilia Kyany'a, Fredrick Eyase, Elizabeth Odundo, Erick Kipkirui, Nancy Kipkemoi, Ronald Kirera, Cliff Philip, Janet Ndonye, Mary Kirui, Abigael Ombogo, Margaret Koech, Wallace Bulimo, Christine E Hulseberg
Entamoeba moshkovskii is a member of the Entamoeba complex and a colonizer of the human gut. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate Entamoeba species in stool samples that had previously been screened by microscopy. Forty-six samples were tested, 23 of which had previously been identified as Entamoeba complex positive by microscopy. Of the 46 specimens tested, we identified nine (19.5%) as E. moshkovskii-positive. In seven of these nine E. moshkovskii-positive samples, either E. dispar or E. histolytica (or both) were also identified, suggesting that co-infections may be common. E. moshkovskii was also detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. moshkovskii in Kenya.
{"title":"First report of <i>Entamoeba moshkovskii</i> in human stool samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic participants in Kenya.","authors":"Cecilia Kyany'a, Fredrick Eyase, Elizabeth Odundo, Erick Kipkirui, Nancy Kipkemoi, Ronald Kirera, Cliff Philip, Janet Ndonye, Mary Kirui, Abigael Ombogo, Margaret Koech, Wallace Bulimo, Christine E Hulseberg","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Entamoeba moshkovskii</i> is a member of the <i>Entamoeba</i> complex and a colonizer of the human gut. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate <i>Entamoeba</i> species in stool samples that had previously been screened by microscopy. Forty-six samples were tested, 23 of which had previously been identified as <i>Entamoeba</i> complex positive by microscopy. Of the 46 specimens tested, we identified nine (19.5%) as <i>E. moshkovskii-</i>positive. In seven of these nine <i>E. moshkovskii</i>-positive samples, either <i>E. dispar</i> or <i>E. histolytica</i> (or both) were also identified, suggesting that co-infections may be common. <i>E. moshkovskii</i> was also detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>E. moshkovskii</i> in Kenya.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37501813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5
S. Yegorov, V. Joag, R. Galiwango, S. Good, B. Okech, R. Kaul
{"title":"Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Yegorov, V. Joag, R. Galiwango, S. Good, B. Okech, R. Kaul","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7
Irmgard L. Bauer
{"title":"Travel medicine, coca and cocaine: demystifying and rehabilitating Erythroxylum – a comprehensive review","authors":"Irmgard L. Bauer","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43493849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20eCollection Date: 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0096-6
Addisu Assefa, Mengistu Girma
Background: Diarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years. Salmonella and Shigella spp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella isolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia.
Methods: A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with Shigella/Salmonella prevalence.
Results: The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated with Salmonella infection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68-135.86)]. The odd of prevalence of Salmonella/Shigella isolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. All Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, all Shigella isolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, all Salmonella and Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: There was a relatively low prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities of Shigella and Salmonella isolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.
{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia.","authors":"Addisu Assefa, Mengistu Girma","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0096-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-019-0096-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years. <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of the <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with <i>Shigella/Salmonella</i> prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated with <i>Salmonella</i> infection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68-135.86)]. The odd of prevalence of <i>Salmonella/Shigella</i> isolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. All <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, all <i>Shigella</i> isolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, all <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigell</i>a isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a relatively low prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> species in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities of <i>Shigella</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> isolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6864936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9
W. Alnakhi, J. Segal, K. Frick, Saifuddin Ahmed, L. Morlock
{"title":"Motivational factors for choosing treatment destinations among the patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions survey 2012","authors":"W. Alnakhi, J. Segal, K. Frick, Saifuddin Ahmed, L. Morlock","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0094-8
M. Darrat, G. Flaherty
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of older travellers attending a specialist travel health clinic","authors":"M. Darrat, G. Flaherty","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0094-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0094-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0094-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0092-x
T. Schwartz, M. Jensenius, B. Blomberg, C. Fladeby, A. Mæland, F. O. Pettersen
{"title":"Imported visceral leishmaniasis and immunosuppression in seven Norwegian patients","authors":"T. Schwartz, M. Jensenius, B. Blomberg, C. Fladeby, A. Mæland, F. O. Pettersen","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0092-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0092-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0092-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46988781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal distribution and seven year trend of malaria in North West Tigrai: 2012–2018, Ethiopia; 2019","authors":"Brhane Berhe, Fitsum Mardu, Haftom Legese, Hadush Negash","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0091-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0091-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0091-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49477813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0089-5
Jo-Anne A de Castro, Mary Jean V. Guno, M. Perez
{"title":"Bacillus clausii as adjunctive treatment for acute community-acquired diarrhea among Filipino children: a large-scale, multicenter, open-label study (CODDLE)","authors":"Jo-Anne A de Castro, Mary Jean V. Guno, M. Perez","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0089-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0089-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0089-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinant factors of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Tadesse Hailu Jember, Simachew Kassa, B. Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Ashenafi Genanew","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0088-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0088-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0088-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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