Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00145
Yilin Ning, Renyi Tao, Jiaqi Luo, Qianchao Hu
Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high average output voltage, long service life, and environmental protection, and are widely used in the power system of new energy vehicles. However, during the working process of the battery, the working temperature is too high or too low, which will affect the charging and discharging performance, battery capacity and battery safety. As a result, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to maintain the proper ambient temperature of the working battery. Thermal management of power batteries is a key technology to ensure maximum battery safety and efficiency. This paper discusses the significance of thermal management technology in the development of new energy vehicles, introduces the main technical means of thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for vehicle, and focuses on the current state of research on the use of various types of heat pipes in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the use of heat pipes in the thermal control of lithium-ion batteries is promising.
{"title":"Application and Research Progress of Heat Pipe in Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Yilin Ning, Renyi Tao, Jiaqi Luo, Qianchao Hu","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00145","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high average output voltage, long service life, and environmental protection, and are widely used in the power system of new energy vehicles. However, during the working process of the battery, the working temperature is too high or too low, which will affect the charging and discharging performance, battery capacity and battery safety. As a result, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to maintain the proper ambient temperature of the working battery. Thermal management of power batteries is a key technology to ensure maximum battery safety and efficiency. This paper discusses the significance of thermal management technology in the development of new energy vehicles, introduces the main technical means of thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for vehicle, and focuses on the current state of research on the use of various types of heat pipes in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the use of heat pipes in the thermal control of lithium-ion batteries is promising.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87557899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00141
Minghao Wang
With the increase of vehicle ownership, vehicle emission pollution has become a major source of air pollution. The control of automobile pollutant emissions is one of the effective methods to reduce air pollution. Domestic and foreign exhaust pollutant testing methods for in-use vehicles have been gradually developed from the original idling method to the double-idling method and the simple working condition method. There are many methods to test the exhaust pollutants of in-use vehicles, but the test operation cycle, gas analysis principle, cost, application occasions and the accuracy level of various testing methods are different. This paper introduces the idling method, the working condition method and the on-board emission testing method for detecting vehicle emission pollutants. Two optimized methods for detecting automotive emission pollutants (namely the double-idle method and the simple transient working condition method) are also introduced.
{"title":"A Review of Engine Emissions Testing Methods for Environmental Sustainability","authors":"Minghao Wang","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00141","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase of vehicle ownership, vehicle emission pollution has become a major source of air pollution. The control of automobile pollutant emissions is one of the effective methods to reduce air pollution. Domestic and foreign exhaust pollutant testing methods for in-use vehicles have been gradually developed from the original idling method to the double-idling method and the simple working condition method. There are many methods to test the exhaust pollutants of in-use vehicles, but the test operation cycle, gas analysis principle, cost, application occasions and the accuracy level of various testing methods are different. This paper introduces the idling method, the working condition method and the on-board emission testing method for detecting vehicle emission pollutants. Two optimized methods for detecting automotive emission pollutants (namely the double-idle method and the simple transient working condition method) are also introduced.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76703390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00139
Abdi Manab Idris, N. Sasongko, Y. Kuntjoro
Conversion technology is a solution that was born to solve energy problems and human needs. Without energy, all human activities ranging from households and jobs to the industry cannot work as they should, but energy conversion that uses conventional fuels will cause new issues such as climate changes. Therefore, energy conservation is very important for sustainability and energy saving. So, by reducing energy use, the pollution produced will decrease. This paper focuses on the introduction of energy conversion and conservation technology based on a qualitative literature review to deal with net-zero emission conditions. The conversion technology is environmentally friendly and efficient, and is committed to following the international Net Zero Emissions (NZE) agreement, renewable energy conversion technology and new technologies (fuel cells) to meet Indonesia's defense equipment and defense needs. Indonesia's energy use (2019) consists of oil 35%, coal 37.3%, gas 18.5%, hydropower 2.5%, geothermal 1.7%, biofuel 3%, and other renewables at nearly 2%. In 2013 Indonesia's recoverable shale resources obtained a value of 8 Billion Barrels. Because of that the total CO2 emissions resulting from energy use in Indonesia are 581 MtCO2 in 2019. Efforts to fulfil Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) continue to be carried out, so that Indonesia's target is to enter a state of net-zero emission by 2060. Fuel cell technology has the potential to be applied in the Indonesian National Army, because of its relatively small size, light weight, zero-emission, high specific energy and zero-noise.
{"title":"Energy Conversion and Conservation Technology in Facing Net Zero-Emission Conditions and Supporting National Defense","authors":"Abdi Manab Idris, N. Sasongko, Y. Kuntjoro","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00139","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion technology is a solution that was born to solve energy problems and human needs. Without energy, all human activities ranging from households and jobs to the industry cannot work as they should, but energy conversion that uses conventional fuels will cause new issues such as climate changes. Therefore, energy conservation is very important for sustainability and energy saving. So, by reducing energy use, the pollution produced will decrease. This paper focuses on the introduction of energy conversion and conservation technology based on a qualitative literature review to deal with net-zero emission conditions. The conversion technology is environmentally friendly and efficient, and is committed to following the international Net Zero Emissions (NZE) agreement, renewable energy conversion technology and new technologies (fuel cells) to meet Indonesia's defense equipment and defense needs. Indonesia's energy use (2019) consists of oil 35%, coal 37.3%, gas 18.5%, hydropower 2.5%, geothermal 1.7%, biofuel 3%, and other renewables at nearly 2%. In 2013 Indonesia's recoverable shale resources obtained a value of 8 Billion Barrels. Because of that the total CO2 emissions resulting from energy use in Indonesia are 581 MtCO2 in 2019. Efforts to fulfil Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) continue to be carried out, so that Indonesia's target is to enter a state of net-zero emission by 2060. Fuel cell technology has the potential to be applied in the Indonesian National Army, because of its relatively small size, light weight, zero-emission, high specific energy and zero-noise.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78365531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00144
Yufan Liang
In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by conventional internal combustion engines, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engines and the combustion and emission performance of natural gas internal combustion engines have been widely studied by scholars. Because the physical and chemical properties of natural gas are different from those of conventional gasoline or diesel, the operating performance of natural gas internal combustion engines in practical applications is also different from that of conventional internal combustion engines. This paper presents the physicochemical properties of compressed natural gas, the two combustion modes (premixed combustion and non-homogeneous diffusion combustion) in internal combustion engines and the effect of compressed natural gas on the performance of internal combustion engines. Compared with gasoline engines, natural gas internal combustion engines have relatively lower power and higher effective power loss; lower effective fuel consumption rate in terms of economy; and lower CO and NOx emissions than gasoline engines in terms of emissions.
{"title":"A Review of the Effect of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) on Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines","authors":"Yufan Liang","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00144","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by conventional internal combustion engines, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engines and the combustion and emission performance of natural gas internal combustion engines have been widely studied by scholars. Because the physical and chemical properties of natural gas are different from those of conventional gasoline or diesel, the operating performance of natural gas internal combustion engines in practical applications is also different from that of conventional internal combustion engines. This paper presents the physicochemical properties of compressed natural gas, the two combustion modes (premixed combustion and non-homogeneous diffusion combustion) in internal combustion engines and the effect of compressed natural gas on the performance of internal combustion engines. Compared with gasoline engines, natural gas internal combustion engines have relatively lower power and higher effective power loss; lower effective fuel consumption rate in terms of economy; and lower CO and NOx emissions than gasoline engines in terms of emissions.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80377287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00134
V. Balaraju, C. Chengaiah
Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules consist of solar cells connected in series to provide the required output power. The solar PV system is experiencing major challenges, which are mainly due to the partial shadows on the photovoltaic modules leading to mismatching power loss and hot spot problems. Hotspots have become a major cause of PV module failure. The Cell Partition Technique (CPT) is proposed to reduce hotspots and minimize mismatch losses caused by partial shadings. Specifically, each solar PV cell (Full cell) in a solar PV module is divided or partitioned into two half cells (known as Half-Cut Cells or HC) and three equal cells (known as Tri-Cut Cells or TC) in accordance with the proposed technique. The HC and TC types of cells are connected in a strings of series-parallel connection, and bypass diode is placed in middle of the solar PV module to ensure proper operation. The primary aim of this research is to model, evaluate, and investigate the performance of solar PV arrays using new PV modules are developed based on Cell Partition Technique (PVM-CPT), such as half-cut cell modules (HCM), and tri-cut cell modules (TCM) and compared with full-sized cell modules (FCM). These PVM-CPT are connected in Series–Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), and proposed static shade dispersion based TCT reconfiguration (SD-TCTR) for the array sizes of 3x4, 4x3 and 4x4, respectively. The purpose is to select the most appropriate solar PV array configurations in terms of the highest global maximum power and thus the lowest mismatch power losses under short and narrow, short and wide, long and narrow, long and wide type of cell level partial shadings. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze all of the shading cases. The results show that, when compared to conventional module configurations under different shading conditions, the proposed static SD-TCTR arrangement with TC modules (SDTCTR-TCM) exhibits the lowest mismatch power losses and the greatest improvement in array power.
{"title":"Modeling and Performance Investigations of Partially Shaded Solar PV Arrays with Cell Partition Technique based Modules","authors":"V. Balaraju, C. Chengaiah","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00134","url":null,"abstract":"Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules consist of solar cells connected in series to provide the required output power. The solar PV system is experiencing major challenges, which are mainly due to the partial shadows on the photovoltaic modules leading to mismatching power loss and hot spot problems. Hotspots have become a major cause of PV module failure. The Cell Partition Technique (CPT) is proposed to reduce hotspots and minimize mismatch losses caused by partial shadings. Specifically, each solar PV cell (Full cell) in a solar PV module is divided or partitioned into two half cells (known as Half-Cut Cells or HC) and three equal cells (known as Tri-Cut Cells or TC) in accordance with the proposed technique. The HC and TC types of cells are connected in a strings of series-parallel connection, and bypass diode is placed in middle of the solar PV module to ensure proper operation. The primary aim of this research is to model, evaluate, and investigate the performance of solar PV arrays using new PV modules are developed based on Cell Partition Technique (PVM-CPT), such as half-cut cell modules (HCM), and tri-cut cell modules (TCM) and compared with full-sized cell modules (FCM). These PVM-CPT are connected in Series–Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), and proposed static shade dispersion based TCT reconfiguration (SD-TCTR) for the array sizes of 3x4, 4x3 and 4x4, respectively. The purpose is to select the most appropriate solar PV array configurations in terms of the highest global maximum power and thus the lowest mismatch power losses under short and narrow, short and wide, long and narrow, long and wide type of cell level partial shadings. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze all of the shading cases. The results show that, when compared to conventional module configurations under different shading conditions, the proposed static SD-TCTR arrangement with TC modules (SDTCTR-TCM) exhibits the lowest mismatch power losses and the greatest improvement in array power.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74895424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00143
Andri Gunawan, Suyono Thamrin, Y. Kuntjoro, Abd. Rahim Idris
The Paris agreement compels all countries to make major contributions to the zero-emission scheme, a legally binding international treaty on climate change. This fulfilment must be supported by technological developments towards Society 5.0, forcing every country to develop renewable energy (clean energy) on a large scale. One of the renewable energies with the highest efficiency is wind power generation. Its construction requires a large cost, and the best location must consider the high wind speed. East Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the locations in the border area with insufficient electricity. The choice of location was supported by military operations in guarding the border which required a lot of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to predict wind speed patterns based on historical data from the database so that wind power plants can be realized. One of the best methods for long-term prediction of wind speed is the backpropagation neural network (BPPN) method. Wind speed data was used from January 2003 to December 2020 with a total of 216 data sets obtained from NASA. It should be noted that January 2003 to December 2010 data is positioned as input data, while training target data is from January 2011-December 2015. Validation data is determined from January 2016-December 2020. The best predictive architecture model is 8-11-5- 5, learning rate is 0.4 and epoch is 20,000. Prediction accuracy is very good with a mean square error (MSE) value of 0.007634 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 11.62783. The highest wind speed was shown in February 2018 as 10.75 m/s.
{"title":"Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) Algorithm for Predicting Wind Speed Patterns in East Nusa Tenggara","authors":"Andri Gunawan, Suyono Thamrin, Y. Kuntjoro, Abd. Rahim Idris","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00143","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris agreement compels all countries to make major contributions to the zero-emission scheme, a legally binding international treaty on climate change. This fulfilment must be supported by technological developments towards Society 5.0, forcing every country to develop renewable energy (clean energy) on a large scale. One of the renewable energies with the highest efficiency is wind power generation. Its construction requires a large cost, and the best location must consider the high wind speed. East Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the locations in the border area with insufficient electricity. The choice of location was supported by military operations in guarding the border which required a lot of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to predict wind speed patterns based on historical data from the database so that wind power plants can be realized. One of the best methods for long-term prediction of wind speed is the backpropagation neural network (BPPN) method. Wind speed data was used from January 2003 to December 2020 with a total of 216 data sets obtained from NASA. It should be noted that January 2003 to December 2010 data is positioned as input data, while training target data is from January 2011-December 2015. Validation data is determined from January 2016-December 2020. The best predictive architecture model is 8-11-5- 5, learning rate is 0.4 and epoch is 20,000. Prediction accuracy is very good with a mean square error (MSE) value of 0.007634 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 11.62783. The highest wind speed was shown in February 2018 as 10.75 m/s.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85926667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00135
Ping Guo, J. Xu, Chuanhao Zhao, Baoliang Zhang
In order to better achieve the goal of low carbon emissions from vehicles, a whole life cycle assessment of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine vehicles has been conducted in recent years. Based on the study of hydrogen use around the world, we studied the emission and economic performance of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine vehicles from the beginning of hydrogen production to the end of use (Well-to-Wheel, WTW) based on the whole life cycle evaluation method. The results show that the overall environmental impact of hydrogen production by steam reforming of natural gas is the smallest, and that the rational use of "abandoned electricity" for hydrogen production from electrolytic water in the western part of China significantly reduces the overall environmental impact and the cost of hydrogen production. In the use phase, the emissions are less, which not only can meet the National 6 emission standard, but also can reach higher emission standard after adding exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). From the whole life cycle point of view, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine has a very good development prospect.
{"title":"Study of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles based on the whole life cycle evaluation method","authors":"Ping Guo, J. Xu, Chuanhao Zhao, Baoliang Zhang","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00135","url":null,"abstract":"In order to better achieve the goal of low carbon emissions from vehicles, a whole life cycle assessment of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine vehicles has been conducted in recent years. Based on the study of hydrogen use around the world, we studied the emission and economic performance of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine vehicles from the beginning of hydrogen production to the end of use (Well-to-Wheel, WTW) based on the whole life cycle evaluation method. The results show that the overall environmental impact of hydrogen production by steam reforming of natural gas is the smallest, and that the rational use of \"abandoned electricity\" for hydrogen production from electrolytic water in the western part of China significantly reduces the overall environmental impact and the cost of hydrogen production. In the use phase, the emissions are less, which not only can meet the National 6 emission standard, but also can reach higher emission standard after adding exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). From the whole life cycle point of view, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine has a very good development prospect.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89116623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00140
J. Xu, Minghao Wang, Ping Guo
With the large consumption of traditional primary energy, hydrogen as a clean and renewable energy has been widely studied by scholars around the world. Hydrogen is mainly used in hydrogen internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell. Hydrogen internal combustion engine is the direct combustion of hydrogen as fuel, with the advantages of easy use. Alternatively, hydrogen fuel cell converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy by electrochemical reaction, which has the advantages of high efficiency and zero pollution. Regardless of the use method, the safety of hydrogen use needs to be considered. However, in the whole life cycle of hydrogen, the process from hydrogen production to the use of hydrogen in automobiles is extremely complex. There are many factors affecting the safety of hydrogen use, and a single factor cannot be used as an evaluation. In order to make the evaluation of hydrogen safety more complete and accurate, the weight of four primary evaluation indexes and eight secondary evaluation indexes affecting hydrogen safety is determined by analytic hierarchy process, and a reliable hydrogen safety evaluation model is established.
{"title":"Construction of Hydrogen Safety Evaluation Model Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)","authors":"J. Xu, Minghao Wang, Ping Guo","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00140","url":null,"abstract":"With the large consumption of traditional primary energy, hydrogen as a clean and renewable energy has been widely studied by scholars around the world. Hydrogen is mainly used in hydrogen internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell. Hydrogen internal combustion engine is the direct combustion of hydrogen as fuel, with the advantages of easy use. Alternatively, hydrogen fuel cell converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy by electrochemical reaction, which has the advantages of high efficiency and zero pollution. Regardless of the use method, the safety of hydrogen use needs to be considered. However, in the whole life cycle of hydrogen, the process from hydrogen production to the use of hydrogen in automobiles is extremely complex. There are many factors affecting the safety of hydrogen use, and a single factor cannot be used as an evaluation. In order to make the evaluation of hydrogen safety more complete and accurate, the weight of four primary evaluation indexes and eight secondary evaluation indexes affecting hydrogen safety is determined by analytic hierarchy process, and a reliable hydrogen safety evaluation model is established.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77032232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life cycle assessment of the coke cleaning agent developed by a university-enterprise cooperation project was conducted. This cleaning agent has the characteristics of phosphorus-free, environmentally friendly, and broad market prospects. The life cycle assessment of the established model showed that the GWP of producing 1kg of coke cleaning agent is 1.19 kg CO2 eq, PED is 13.17 MJ, WU is 186.74 kg, AP is 3.63E-03 kg SO2 eq, ADP is 7.75E-05 kg antimony eq, EP is 1.30E-03 kg PO43-eq, RI is 1.16E-03 kg PM2.5 eq, ODP is 4.63E-06 kg CFC-11 eq, and POFP is 1.85E-03 kg NMVOC eq .The uncertainty of the results is between 4.20% and 24.05%. The carbon footprint (GWP) analysis showed that the production process of isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether, isopropanol, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether M and isodecanol polyoxyethylene ether contributed significantly. The average sensitivity analysis showed that the most influential processes were sodium lauryl amphoacetate, isopropanol, and tripropylene glycol methyl ether.
对校企合作项目开发的焦炭清洗剂进行了生命周期评价。该清洗剂具有无磷、环保的特点，市场前景广阔。建立的模型的生命周期评价结果表明，生产1kg焦炭净水剂的GWP为1.19 kg CO2当量，PED为13.17 MJ, WU为186.74 kg, AP为3.63E-03 kg SO2当量，ADP为7.75E-05 kg antimony当量，EP为1.30E-03 kg po43当量，RI为1.16E-03 kg PM2.5当量，ODP为4.63E-06 kg CFC-11当量，POFP为1.85E-03 kg NMVOC当量，结果的不确定度在4.20% ~ 24.05%之间。碳足迹(GWP)分析表明，异三醇聚氧乙烯醚、异丙醇、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚M和异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚的生产工艺贡献显著。平均敏感性分析表明，影响最大的工艺是十二烷基两性乙酸钠、异丙醇和三丙二醇甲基醚。
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of a Coke Cleaning Agent","authors":"Yu-Ri Gong, Changyan Yang, Yinhang Qu, Jiayi Li, Bo-han Yang, Yigang Ding, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00142","url":null,"abstract":"The life cycle assessment of the coke cleaning agent developed by a university-enterprise cooperation project was conducted. This cleaning agent has the characteristics of phosphorus-free, environmentally friendly, and broad market prospects. The life cycle assessment of the established model showed that the GWP of producing 1kg of coke cleaning agent is 1.19 kg CO2 eq, PED is 13.17 MJ, WU is 186.74 kg, AP is 3.63E-03 kg SO2 eq, ADP is 7.75E-05 kg antimony eq, EP is 1.30E-03 kg PO43-eq, RI is 1.16E-03 kg PM2.5 eq, ODP is 4.63E-06 kg CFC-11 eq, and POFP is 1.85E-03 kg NMVOC eq .The uncertainty of the results is between 4.20% and 24.05%. The carbon footprint (GWP) analysis showed that the production process of isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether, isopropanol, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether M and isodecanol polyoxyethylene ether contributed significantly. The average sensitivity analysis showed that the most influential processes were sodium lauryl amphoacetate, isopropanol, and tripropylene glycol methyl ether.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86565964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2021.7.1.00133
A. Lazaropoulos
Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) networks that are deployed across the smart grid can benefit from the usage of machine learning, as smarter grid diagnostics are collected and analyzed. In this paper, the neural network identification methodology of Overhead Low-Voltage (OV LV) BPL networks that aims at identifying the number of branches for a given OV LV BPL topology channel attenuation behavior is proposed, which is simply denoted as NNIM-BNI. In order to identify the branch number of an OV LV BPL topology through its channel attenuation behavior, NNIM-BNI exploits the Deterministic Hybrid Model (DHM), which has been extensively tested in OV LV BPL networks for their channel attenuation determination, and the OV LV BPL topology database of Topology Identification Methodology (TIM). The results of NNIM-BNI towards the branch number identification of OV LV BPL topologies are compared against the ones of a newly proposed TIM-based methodology, denoted as TIM-BNI.
{"title":"Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart Grid – Performance Comparison between Topology Identification Methodology and Neural Network Identification Methodology for the Branch Number Approximation of Overhead Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Network Topolog","authors":"A. Lazaropoulos","doi":"10.17737/tre.2021.7.1.00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2021.7.1.00133","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) networks that are deployed across the smart grid can benefit from the usage of machine learning, as smarter grid diagnostics are collected and analyzed. In this paper, the neural network identification methodology of Overhead Low-Voltage (OV LV) BPL networks that aims at identifying the number of branches for a given OV LV BPL topology channel attenuation behavior is proposed, which is simply denoted as NNIM-BNI. In order to identify the branch number of an OV LV BPL topology through its channel attenuation behavior, NNIM-BNI exploits the Deterministic Hybrid Model (DHM), which has been extensively tested in OV LV BPL networks for their channel attenuation determination, and the OV LV BPL topology database of Topology Identification Methodology (TIM). The results of NNIM-BNI towards the branch number identification of OV LV BPL topologies are compared against the ones of a newly proposed TIM-based methodology, denoted as TIM-BNI.","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90534677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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