Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0082
A. Lazaropoulos
On the basis of [1], this pair of companion papers investigates the possibility of jamming the method of the detection of the hook style energy theft (HS-DET method) that can be used for the detection of the hook style energy theft in the overhead low-voltage (OV LV) power grids. The three main suspicious issues that have been identified in [1] are further investigated in this paper. The robustness of the HS-DET method against these issues is assessed by using percent error sum (PES) submetrics, appropriate contour plots and a new proposed robustness PES submetric against the hook style energy theft of HS-DET method. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2019). Special Cases during the Detection of the Hook Style Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids through HS-DET Method – Part 1: High Measurement Differences, Very Long Hook Technique and “Smart” Hooks. Trends in Renewable Energy, 5, 60-89. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2019.5.1.0082
{"title":"Special Cases during the Detection of the Hook Style Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids through HS-DET Method – Part 1: High Measurement Differences, Very Long Hook Technique and “Smart” Hooks","authors":"A. Lazaropoulos","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0082","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of [1], this pair of companion papers investigates the possibility of jamming the method of the detection of the hook style energy theft (HS-DET method) that can be used for the detection of the hook style energy theft in the overhead low-voltage (OV LV) power grids. The three main suspicious issues that have been identified in [1] are further investigated in this paper. The robustness of the HS-DET method against these issues is assessed by using percent error sum (PES) submetrics, appropriate contour plots and a new proposed robustness PES submetric against the hook style energy theft of HS-DET method. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2019). Special Cases during the Detection of the Hook Style Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids through HS-DET Method – Part 1: High Measurement Differences, Very Long Hook Technique and “Smart” Hooks. Trends in Renewable Energy, 5, 60-89. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2019.5.1.0082","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0080
M. Amin, Mubassir Jahan Talukder, Rajashri Roy Raju, M. Khan
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an attractive renewable and sustainable technology to meet up the drastic energy crisis of the world through waste water treatment. This Bioelectrochemical system (BES) converts biomass spontaneously into electricity by the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Food processing industry generally discharges large volume of wastewater, which creates adverse financial and ecological impacts to the industry and environment. In this present contribution, electricity production from food processing industry wastewater that serves as substrates in MFCs was investigated. Dual chambered mediator-less MFC was designed and fabricated using locally available materials. Performance of the MFC was evaluated by measuring potential parameters, such as current generation, current density, change in pH, and change in chemical oxygen demand at different operating conditions. Polarization experiments were conducted to find the maximum power density. Current generation increased with increasing sludge loading, and maximum results were recorded as 90 µA with 9 g of sludge and optimum pH value 8 in the anode chamber. This study documented a maximum power density of 7.42 mW/m 2 with the corresponding current density of 25 mA/m 2 . Citation: Amin, M. S. A., Talukder, M. J., Raju, R. R., and Khan, M. M. R. (2019). Conversion of Food Processing Waste to Bioenergy: Bangladesh Perspective. Trends in Renewable Energy, 5(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2019.5.1.0080
微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种有吸引力的可再生和可持续发展的技术，通过处理废水来应对世界上日益严重的能源危机。这种生物电化学系统(BES)通过微生物的代谢活动将生物质自发地转化为电能。食品加工业通常排放大量废水，这对工业和环境造成了不利的经济和生态影响。在目前的贡献中，研究了作为mfc底物的食品加工工业废水的电力生产。双室无介质MFC设计和制造使用当地可用的材料。通过测量不同操作条件下的电流产生、电流密度、pH变化和化学需氧量变化等电位参数来评价MFC的性能。通过极化实验确定了最大功率密度。随着污泥负荷的增加，电流增加，最大结果为90µA，污泥量为9 g，阳极室的最佳pH值为8。该研究记录的最大功率密度为7.42 mW/ m2，相应的电流密度为25 mA/ m2。引用本文:Amin, m.s.a.， Talukder, m.j.， Raju, r.r.， and Khan, m.m.r.(2019)。食品加工废弃物转化为生物能源:孟加拉国视角。可再生能源发展趋势，5(1)，1-11。DOI: 10.17737 / tre.2019.5.1.0080
{"title":"Conversion of Food Processing Waste to Bioenergy: Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"M. Amin, Mubassir Jahan Talukder, Rajashri Roy Raju, M. Khan","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2019.5.1.0080","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an attractive renewable and sustainable technology to meet up the drastic energy crisis of the world through waste water treatment. This Bioelectrochemical system (BES) converts biomass spontaneously into electricity by the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Food processing industry generally discharges large volume of wastewater, which creates adverse financial and ecological impacts to the industry and environment. In this present contribution, electricity production from food processing industry wastewater that serves as substrates in MFCs was investigated. Dual chambered mediator-less MFC was designed and fabricated using locally available materials. Performance of the MFC was evaluated by measuring potential parameters, such as current generation, current density, change in pH, and change in chemical oxygen demand at different operating conditions. Polarization experiments were conducted to find the maximum power density. Current generation increased with increasing sludge loading, and maximum results were recorded as 90 µA with 9 g of sludge and optimum pH value 8 in the anode chamber. This study documented a maximum power density of 7.42 mW/m 2 with the corresponding current density of 25 mA/m 2 . Citation: Amin, M. S. A., Talukder, M. J., Raju, R. R., and Khan, M. M. R. (2019). Conversion of Food Processing Waste to Bioenergy: Bangladesh Perspective. Trends in Renewable Energy, 5(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2019.5.1.0080","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0079
S. C. Nwokolo, S. O. Amadi
A good working knowledge of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is of vital requirement for determining the terrestrial photosynthesis, primary productivity calculation, ecosystem-atmosphere carbon dioxide, plant physiology, biomass production, natural illumination in greenhouses, radiation climate, remote sensing of vegetation, and radiation regimes of plant canopy, photosynthesis, productivity models of vegetation, etc. However, routine measurement of PAR is not available in most location of interest across the globe. During the past 77 years in order to estimate PAR on hourly, daily and monthly mean basis, several empirical models have been developed for numerous locations globally. As a result, numerous input parameters have been utilized and different functional forms applied. This study was aim at classifying and reviewing the empirical models employed for estimating PAR across the globe. The empirical models so far utilized were classified into ten main categories and presented base on the input parameters applied. The models were further reclassified into numerous main sub-classes (groups) and finally presented according to their developing year. In general, 757 empirical models, 62 functional forms and 32 groups were reported in literature for estimating PAR across the globe. The empirical models utilized were equally compared with models developed using different artificial neural network (ANN); and the result revealed that ANN models are more suitable for estimating PAR across the globe. Thus, this review would provide solar energy researchers with input parameters and functional forms that have been widely used to up to date, and recognizing their importance in estimating PAR globally. Citation: Nwokolo, S. C., and Amadi, S. O. (2018). A Global Review of Empirical Models for Estimating Photosynthetically Active Radiation. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4(2), 236-327. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0079
在陆地光合作用、初级生产力计算、生态系统-大气二氧化碳、植物生理学、生物量生产、温室自然光照、辐射气候、植被遥感、植被冠层辐射制度、光合作用、植被生产力模型等方面，具备良好的光合有效辐射(PAR)知识是至关重要的。然而，在全球大多数感兴趣的地区，常规的PAR测量是不可用的。在过去的77年中，为了在每小时、每天和每月的平均基础上估计PAR，在全球许多地点开发了几个经验模型。因此，使用了大量的输入参数，并应用了不同的函数形式。本研究旨在对全球范围内用于估算PAR的经验模型进行分类和回顾。将目前使用的经验模型分为十大类，并根据所使用的输入参数进行介绍。将这些模型进一步划分为许多主要的子类(组)，并根据它们的发展年份进行分类。总的来说，文献报道了757个经验模型，62个功能形式和32个类群用于估计全球PAR。将所采用的经验模型与采用不同人工神经网络(ANN)建立的模型进行比较;结果表明，人工神经网络模型更适合全球PAR的估计。因此，本综述将为太阳能研究人员提供迄今为止广泛使用的输入参数和功能形式，并认识到它们在全球PAR估计中的重要性。引文:Nwokolo, S. C. and Amadi, S. O.(2018)。估算光合有效辐射的全球经验模型综述。可再生能源发展趋势，4(2)，236-327。DOI: 10.17737 / tre.2018.4.2.0079
{"title":"A Global Review of Empirical Models for Estimating Photosynthetically Active Radiation","authors":"S. C. Nwokolo, S. O. Amadi","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0079","url":null,"abstract":"A good working knowledge of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is of vital requirement for determining the terrestrial photosynthesis, primary productivity calculation, ecosystem-atmosphere carbon dioxide, plant physiology, biomass production, natural illumination in greenhouses, radiation climate, remote sensing of vegetation, and radiation regimes of plant canopy, photosynthesis, productivity models of vegetation, etc. However, routine measurement of PAR is not available in most location of interest across the globe. During the past 77 years in order to estimate PAR on hourly, daily and monthly mean basis, several empirical models have been developed for numerous locations globally. As a result, numerous input parameters have been utilized and different functional forms applied. This study was aim at classifying and reviewing the empirical models employed for estimating PAR across the globe. The empirical models so far utilized were classified into ten main categories and presented base on the input parameters applied. The models were further reclassified into numerous main sub-classes (groups) and finally presented according to their developing year. In general, 757 empirical models, 62 functional forms and 32 groups were reported in literature for estimating PAR across the globe. The empirical models utilized were equally compared with models developed using different artificial neural network (ANN); and the result revealed that ANN models are more suitable for estimating PAR across the globe. Thus, this review would provide solar energy researchers with input parameters and functional forms that have been widely used to up to date, and recognizing their importance in estimating PAR globally. Citation: Nwokolo, S. C., and Amadi, S. O. (2018). A Global Review of Empirical Models for Estimating Photosynthetically Active Radiation. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4(2), 236-327. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0079","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75225182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0076
A. Lazaropoulos
This paper assesses the impact of measurement differences on the spectral efficiency (SE) of distribution broadband over power lines (BPL) networks when CS2 module is applied. The broadband performance of distribution BPL networks is investigated in the 3-88 MHz frequency range when appropriate injected power spectral density limits (IPSD limits) and uniform additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) PSD levels from the BPL literature are assumed. The impact of measurement differences on SE of the distribution BPL networks is here assessed through appropriate SE metrics. These SE metrics assessing this impact are detailed in order to act as the benchmark metrics of the countermeasures techniques against measurement differences of the companion paper. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2018). Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 1: The Impact of Measurement Differences on SE Metrics. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 125-184. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0076
{"title":"Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 1: The Impact of Measurement Differences on SE Metrics","authors":"A. Lazaropoulos","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the impact of measurement differences on the spectral efficiency (SE) of distribution broadband over power lines (BPL) networks when CS2 module is applied. The broadband performance of distribution BPL networks is investigated in the 3-88 MHz frequency range when appropriate injected power spectral density limits (IPSD limits) and uniform additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) PSD levels from the BPL literature are assumed. The impact of measurement differences on SE of the distribution BPL networks is here assessed through appropriate SE metrics. These SE metrics assessing this impact are detailed in order to act as the benchmark metrics of the countermeasures techniques against measurement differences of the companion paper. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2018). Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 1: The Impact of Measurement Differences on SE Metrics. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 125-184. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0076","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077
A. Lazaropoulos
This second paper assesses the performance of piecewise monotonic data approximations, such as L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV, against the measurement differences during the spectral efficiency (SE) calculations in overhead medium-voltage broadband over power lines (OV MV BPL) networks. In this case study paper, the performance of the aforementioned three already known piecewise monotonic data approximations, which are considered as countermeasure techniques against measurement differences, is here extended during the SE computations. The indicative BPL topologies of the first paper are again considered while the 3-30 MHz frequency band of the BPL operation is assumed. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2018). Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 2: L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV for SE against Measurement Differences in Overhead Medium-Voltage BPL Networks. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 185-212. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077
{"title":"Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 2: L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV for SE against Measurement Differences in Overhead Medium-Voltage BPL Networks","authors":"A. Lazaropoulos","doi":"10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077","url":null,"abstract":"This second paper assesses the performance of piecewise monotonic data approximations, such as L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV, against the measurement differences during the spectral efficiency (SE) calculations in overhead medium-voltage broadband over power lines (OV MV BPL) networks. In this case study paper, the performance of the aforementioned three already known piecewise monotonic data approximations, which are considered as countermeasure techniques against measurement differences, is here extended during the SE computations. The indicative BPL topologies of the first paper are again considered while the 3-30 MHz frequency band of the BPL operation is assumed. Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2018). Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 2: L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV for SE against Measurement Differences in Overhead Medium-Voltage BPL Networks. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 185-212. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77309949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0078
Harish Kumar Ghritlahre
In the present work, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been developed to predict the energy and exergy efficiency of a roughened solar air heater (SAH). Total fifty data sets of samples, obtained by conducting experiments on SAHs with three different specification of wire-rib roughness on the absorber plates, have been used in this work. These experimental data and calculated values of thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency have been used to develop an ANN model. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) learning algorithm were used to train the proposed ANN model. Six numbers of neurons were found with LM learning algorithm in the hidden layer as the optimal value on the basis of statistical error analysis. In the input layer, the time of experiments, mass flow rate, ambient temperature, mean temperature of air, absorber plate temperature and solar radiation intensity have been taken as input parameters; and energy efficiency and exergy efficiency have been taken as output parameters in the output layer. The 6-6-2 neural model has been obtained as the optimal model for prediction. Performance predictions using ANN were compared with the experimental data and a close agreement was observed. Statistical error analysis was used to evaluate the results. Citation: Ghritlahre, H. K. (2018). Development of feed-forward back-propagation neural model to predict the energy and exergy analysis of solar air heater. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 213-235. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0078
本文建立了人工神经网络(ANN)模型来预测粗化太阳能空气加热器(SAH)的能量和火用效率。通过对吸收板上具有三种不同规格的线肋粗糙度的SAHs进行实验获得的总共50个数据集样本已用于本工作。这些实验数据和热效率和火用效率的计算值被用来建立一个人工神经网络模型。采用Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)和缩放共轭梯度(SCG)学习算法对所提出的人工神经网络模型进行训练。在统计误差分析的基础上，用LM学习算法在隐层找到6个数的神经元作为最优值。输入层以实验时间、质量流量、环境温度、空气平均温度、吸收板温度和太阳辐射强度为输入参数;在输出层中以能效和火用效率作为输出参数。得到了6-6-2神经网络模型作为预测的最优模型。使用人工神经网络的性能预测与实验数据进行了比较，结果非常吻合。采用统计误差分析对结果进行评价。引文:Ghritlahre, H. K.(2018)。建立前馈反向传播神经网络模型，对太阳能空气加热器进行能量预测和火用分析。可再生能源发展趋势，4,213-235。DOI: 10.17737 / tre.2018.4.2.0078
{"title":"Development of Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Model to Predict the Energy and Exergy Analysis of Solar Air Heater","authors":"Harish Kumar Ghritlahre","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0078","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been developed to predict the energy and exergy efficiency of a roughened solar air heater (SAH). Total fifty data sets of samples, obtained by conducting experiments on SAHs with three different specification of wire-rib roughness on the absorber plates, have been used in this work. These experimental data and calculated values of thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency have been used to develop an ANN model. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) learning algorithm were used to train the proposed ANN model. Six numbers of neurons were found with LM learning algorithm in the hidden layer as the optimal value on the basis of statistical error analysis. In the input layer, the time of experiments, mass flow rate, ambient temperature, mean temperature of air, absorber plate temperature and solar radiation intensity have been taken as input parameters; and energy efficiency and exergy efficiency have been taken as output parameters in the output layer. The 6-6-2 neural model has been obtained as the optimal model for prediction. Performance predictions using ANN were compared with the experimental data and a close agreement was observed. Statistical error analysis was used to evaluate the results. Citation: Ghritlahre, H. K. (2018). Development of feed-forward back-propagation neural model to predict the energy and exergy analysis of solar air heater. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 213-235. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0078","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0070
K. Okedu
In this paper, a combination of the conventional energy capacitor system and a proposed two-trap Resistor Capacitor (RC) shunt damper circuitry is used to stabilize a grid network made up of fixed speed wind turbines, steam turbines and hydro turbines. The energy storage system is connected to the terminals of the wind farm and has the capability of stabilizing the grid network during periods of wind speed change. The two-trap damper has the ability to mitigate the mechanical vibration of the wind turbine and increase its output and rotor speed acceleration during disturbances, so the turbine speed is reduced. Simulations were run using Power System Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Transient Including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) environment, for scenarios where grid frequency control was not implemented and when frequency control was employed using the energy storage device. A further investigation was carried out in enhancing the performance of the grid network considering the proposed two-trap shunt DC damper control topology. The results show the improved performance of the variables of the wind turbine and the entire grid network during dynamics, due to the coordinated control strategies of the two-trap RC circuit and the energy capacitor system employed. Citation: Okedu, K. E. (2018). Enhancing Frequency of Grid-connected Wind Farm using Energy Capacitor System and Trap RC Shunt Damper Strategies. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 96-110. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0070
{"title":"Enhancing Frequency of Grid-connected Wind Farm using Energy Capacitor System and Trap RC Shunt Damper Strategies","authors":"K. Okedu","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a combination of the conventional energy capacitor system and a proposed two-trap Resistor Capacitor (RC) shunt damper circuitry is used to stabilize a grid network made up of fixed speed wind turbines, steam turbines and hydro turbines. The energy storage system is connected to the terminals of the wind farm and has the capability of stabilizing the grid network during periods of wind speed change. The two-trap damper has the ability to mitigate the mechanical vibration of the wind turbine and increase its output and rotor speed acceleration during disturbances, so the turbine speed is reduced. Simulations were run using Power System Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Transient Including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) environment, for scenarios where grid frequency control was not implemented and when frequency control was employed using the energy storage device. A further investigation was carried out in enhancing the performance of the grid network considering the proposed two-trap shunt DC damper control topology. The results show the improved performance of the variables of the wind turbine and the entire grid network during dynamics, due to the coordinated control strategies of the two-trap RC circuit and the energy capacitor system employed. Citation: Okedu, K. E. (2018). Enhancing Frequency of Grid-connected Wind Farm using Energy Capacitor System and Trap RC Shunt Damper Strategies. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 96-110. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0070","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82693589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0068
A. M. Mohamed, S. Saafan, A. Attalla, H. Elgohary
A partial shading condition is a case under which the PV array is exposed to many problems such as losses of the output power of the PV array, and the PV array has more than one maximum power point (MPP), which makes it so difficult to track the MPP. This paper presents the effect of different partial shading patterns on PV array characteristics and the effect on the output power of the PV array, and provides a comparative literature review on methods to mitigate these effects and the drawbacks of these methods. It also proposed a new reconfiguration strategy that increases the output power of the PV array by 13.8 % from the total power under shadow condition, and a new technique for enhancing the output power of the PV array by 20 % of the total power under fully illumining conditions by controlling the switch matrix between the photovoltaic array and adaptive batteries bank. This paper gives a solution for the problem of the difficulty of tracking the MPP, because the proposed strategy makes only one MPP. The simulation was carried out by using MATLAB Simulink under different shading patterns. Citation: Mohamed, A. M., Saafan, S. M., Attalla, A. M., and Elgohary, H. (2018). Reconfiguration technique for Optimization of the Photovoltaic array output power under partial shading conditions. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 111-124. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0068
在部分遮阳条件下，光伏阵列暴露于光伏阵列输出功率损失等诸多问题，且光伏阵列具有多个最大功率点(MPP)，这使得MPP难以跟踪。本文介绍了不同的部分遮阳模式对光伏阵列特性的影响以及对光伏阵列输出功率的影响，并对减轻这些影响的方法和这些方法的缺点进行了比较文献综述。提出了一种新的重构策略，在阴影条件下将光伏阵列的输出功率提高13.8%;提出了一种通过控制光伏阵列与自适应电池组之间的开关矩阵，在全光照条件下将光伏阵列的输出功率提高20%的新技术。针对该策略只产生一个MPP而难以跟踪的问题，给出了一种解决方案。利用MATLAB Simulink在不同的遮光模式下进行了仿真。引用本文:Mohamed, A. M.， Saafan, S. M.， Attalla, A. M.， elgoharry, H.(2018)。部分遮阳条件下光伏阵列输出功率优化的重构技术。可再生能源发展趋势，4,111-124。DOI: 10.17737 / tre.2018.4.2.0068
{"title":"Reconfiguration technique for Optimization of the Photovoltaic array output power under partial shading conditions","authors":"A. M. Mohamed, S. Saafan, A. Attalla, H. Elgohary","doi":"10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17737/TRE.2018.4.2.0068","url":null,"abstract":"A partial shading condition is a case under which the PV array is exposed to many problems such as losses of the output power of the PV array, and the PV array has more than one maximum power point (MPP), which makes it so difficult to track the MPP. This paper presents the effect of different partial shading patterns on PV array characteristics and the effect on the output power of the PV array, and provides a comparative literature review on methods to mitigate these effects and the drawbacks of these methods. It also proposed a new reconfiguration strategy that increases the output power of the PV array by 13.8 % from the total power under shadow condition, and a new technique for enhancing the output power of the PV array by 20 % of the total power under fully illumining conditions by controlling the switch matrix between the photovoltaic array and adaptive batteries bank. This paper gives a solution for the problem of the difficulty of tracking the MPP, because the proposed strategy makes only one MPP. The simulation was carried out by using MATLAB Simulink under different shading patterns. Citation: Mohamed, A. M., Saafan, S. M., Attalla, A. M., and Elgohary, H. (2018). Reconfiguration technique for Optimization of the Photovoltaic array output power under partial shading conditions. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 111-124. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0068","PeriodicalId":23305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.17737/TRE.2016.2.2.0023
A. Lazaropoulos
Extending the analysis already presented in [1], this paper considers broadband potential of overhead (OV) transmission multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadband over power lines (BPL) networks when different noise conditions occur and different well-proven noise models are adopted. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, the broadband potential of a great number of indicative OV high-voltage (HV) BPL topologies and of MIMO transmission schemes is studied in terms of appropriate capacity metrics. The relevant numerical results reveal the significant dependence of ΜΙΜΟ capacity metrics on noise conditions. Second, various well-known BPL noise models from the literature are compared on the basis of their achieved OV HV MIMO BPL capacity. Through the careful study of the capacity results of noise models, it is demonstrated that spectrally flat additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) may be comfortably assumed as an efficient noise model in transmission MIMO BPL networks. Also in MIMO BPL networks, the comparative capacity analysis of noise models shows small differences among them in the 3-88MHz frequency range. Citation ：Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2016). Capacity Performance of Overhead Transmission Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Broadband over Power Lines Networks: The Insidious Effect of Noise and the Role of Noise Models. Trends in Renewable Energy, 2(2), 61-82. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2016.2.2.0023
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00136
Jiahui Liu
As a clean, environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, hydrogen as an alternative engine fuel can greatly reduce atmospheric pollution and alleviate the shortage of oil resources, and is the most promising alternative fuel for vehicles among new fuels. However, due to its fast combustion rate and wide ignition limit, hydrogen often shows abnormal combustion phenomena (such as pre-ignition, backfire and knock), when it is used in the engine, thus affecting the performance and normal use of engines. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for the engine are summarized according to the characteristics of hydrogen. On this basis, the mechanism, influence factors and harm of abnormal combustion in the hydrogen internal combustion engine are analyzed and summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for solving abnormal combustion problems. Finally, several commonly used abnormal combustion detection methods are summarized.
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