Trends in biotechnology最新文献

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises chronic inflammatory conditions with complex mechanisms and diverse manifestations, posing significant clinical challenges. Traditional animal models and ethical concerns in human studies necessitate innovative approaches. This review provides an overview of human intestinal architecture in health and inflammation, emphasizing the role of microfluidics and on-chip technologies in IBD research. These technologies allow precise manipulation of cellular and microbial interactions in a physiologically relevant context, simulating the intestinal ecosystem microscopically. By integrating cellular components and replicating 3D tissue architecture, they offer promising models for studying host-microbe interactions, wound healing, and therapeutic approaches. Continuous refinement of these technologies promises to advance IBD understanding and therapy development, inspiring further innovation and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

In the post-pandemic era, interest in on-site technologies capable of rapidly and accurately diagnosing viral or bacterial pathogens has significantly increased. Advances in functional nanomaterials and bioengineering have propelled the progress of point-of-care (POC) sensors, enhancing their speed, specificity, sensitivity, affordability, ease of use, and accuracy. Notably, biosensors that utilize surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology have revolutionized the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of biomarkers in pathogenic infections. This review of current POC diagnostics highlights the growing emphasis on immunoassays for swift pathogen analysis, augmented by the integration of deep learning for swift interpretation of complex signals through tailored algorithms.

The Picochlorum genus is a distinctive eukaryotic green-algal clade that is the focus of several current biotechnological studies. It is capable of extremely rapid growth rates and has exceptional tolerances to high salinity, intense light, and elevated temperatures. Importantly, it has robust stability and high-biomass productivities in outdoor field trials in seawater. These features have propelled Picochlorum into the spotlight as a promising model for both fundamental and biotechnological research. Recently, several genetic tools, including genome editing, were developed for these algae, enabling insights into Picochlorum photophysiology and algal transformations for expanded capabilities. Here, we survey the Picochlorum genus, its genetic toolbox, recently characterized transformants, and discuss the commercial potential of Picochlorum as a salt-water photoautotrophic biocatalyst.

In this article, we focus on green incentives and laws guiding China's new biomass energy future. We offer proposals to reinforce green incentives and legal standards in this field.

The hydrocarbonoclastic lineages that have existed for millennia are responsible for the degradation of diverse aliphatic and aromatic compounds, regulating the ocean hydrocarbon cycles. Given the metabolic similarities in breaking down plastics and hydrocarbons, a thorough understanding and leveraging of these processes can provide biotechnologically based solutions to tackle global plastic pollution.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become essential therapeutics for treating various diseases. The robust, cost-effective, and sustainable production of mAbs is crucial due to their growing clinical and commercial demand. Advances in bioprocessing, such as improved cell lines, perfusion bioreactors, multicolumn chromatography, and automation, can significantly increase productivity, making treatments more accessible. Streamlining the production process also aligns with environmental sustainability by reducing waste and energy consumption. This study quantifies the economic and environmental impacts of incorporating recent advances into end-to-end continuous bioprocessing of mAbs. The results demonstrate that, compared with an optimized best-in-class fed-batch process (with 15 g/l titer and multicolumn chromatography), continuous manufacturing can reduce the total annual production costs, facility footprint, plastic waste, and CO₂ emissions by up to 23%, 51%, 57%, and 54%, respectively, in a multiproduct facility producing clinical and commercial lots. Additionally, uncertainty analysis indicates that these gains are even more substantial under demand fluctuations.

Periodontitis, characterized by microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation, destroys tooth-supporting tissues and negatively affects overall health. Current strategies face significant challenges in restoring damaged tissues while halting periodontitis progression. In this study, we introduce a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) in an engineered living hydrogel for comprehensive periodontitis therapy. A dental blue light-responsive hydrogel (LRG) was fabricated to deliver and confine live Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in periodontal pockets, endowing the LRG with sustained antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. The LRG was engineered through peptide modification to also promote tissue regeneration. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of this integrated therapeutic strategy, which combines antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties with an underlying immunomodulatory mechanism that involves suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 upregulation and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway suppression in macrophages. Demonstrating a new paradigm, this proof of concept highlights the synergistic integration of live organisms and synthetic material engineering in a chairside treatment to address the multifaceted etiology of periodontitis.

New vaccine technologies are needed to combat many existing infections and prepare better for those that may emerge in the future. The conventional technologies that rely on protein-based vaccines are still severely restricted by the sparsity and poor accessibility of available adjuvants. One possible solution to this problem is to enhance antigen immunogenicity by a more natural means by complexing it with antibodies in the form of immune complexes (ICs). However, natural ICs are impractical as vaccines, and significant research efforts have been made to generate them in recombinant form, with plant bioengineering being at the forefront of these efforts. Here, we describe the challenges and progress made to date to make recombinant IC vaccines applicable to humans.

Microbial fermentations offer the opportunity to produce a wide range of chemicals in a sustainable fashion, but it is important to carefully evaluate the production costs. This can be done on the basis of evaluation of the titer, rate, and yield (TRY) of the fermentation process. Here we describe how the three TRY metrics impact the technoeconomics of a microbial fermentation process, and we illustrate the use of these for evaluation of different processes in the production of two commodity chemicals, 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and ethanol, as well as for the fine chemical penicillin. On the basis of our discussions, we provide some recommendations on how the TRY metrics should be reported when new processes are described.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created the demand and the permissive conditions for innovative solutions, superior business models, digital technologies, funding, and licensing in biotechnology, fostering a phenomenon that might be called 'leapfrogging.' Despite a postpandemic macroeconomic downturn, a focus on radical innovation remained with crucial ramifications for biomedical challenges beyond COVID-19.