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Teratogenic parasites: disease mechanisms and emerging study models. 致畸寄生虫:疾病机制和新出现的研究模型。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.016
Rafaela Jose da Silva, Leah F Cabo, Jon P Boyle

Congenital infections are a leading preventable cause of pregnancy complications impacting both mother and fetus. Although advancements have been made in understanding various congenital infections, the mechanisms of parasitic infections during pregnancy remain poorly understood. This review covers the global incidence of three parasites capable of congenital transmission - Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii - and the state of research into their transplacental transmission strategies. We highlight technological advancements in placental modeling that offer opportunities to reveal how parasites cause gestational pathology. Additionally, we discuss the likelihood that selective adaptation contributed to the evolution of mechanisms that facilitate placental infection. These insights provide a foundation for understanding the progression and pathology of congenital parasitic diseases and identifying future research directions.

先天性感染是影响母亲和胎儿的妊娠并发症的主要可预防原因。尽管人们对各种先天性感染的认识已经取得了进步,但对孕期寄生虫感染的机制仍然知之甚少。这篇综述涵盖了三种可进行先天性传播的寄生虫--克氏锥虫、疟原虫和弓形虫--的全球发病率,以及对其经胎盘传播策略的研究现状。我们重点介绍了胎盘建模方面的技术进步,这些技术为揭示寄生虫如何导致妊娠病理提供了机会。此外,我们还讨论了选择性适应促进胎盘感染机制进化的可能性。这些见解为了解先天性寄生虫病的进展和病理以及确定未来的研究方向奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Young investigators in parasitology meeting: building foundations and supporting early-career researchers. 寄生虫学青年研究人员会议:奠定基础和支持早期职业研究人员。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.004
Filipa Rijo-Ferreira, Chi-Min Ho, Alex Rosenberg
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引用次数: 0
A hypothesis to explain malaria-induced neurocognitive sequelae. 一种解释疟疾引起的神经认知后遗症的假说。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.008
Yuri Chaves Martins, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro

The development of malaria-induced neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae is not entirely understood. We hypothesize that liver dysfunction caused by Plasmodium infection is responsible for malaria-induced neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae. Our metabolic hypothesis not only explains neurocognitive sequelae after cerebral malaria (CM) but also after other severe, non-severe, and asymptomatic malaria infections.

疟疾诱发的神经认知和行为后遗症的发展过程尚不完全清楚。我们假设,疟原虫感染导致的肝功能障碍是疟疾引发的神经认知和行为后遗症的原因。我们的代谢假说不仅能解释脑疟疾(CM)后的神经认知后遗症,还能解释其他严重、非严重和无症状疟疾感染后的神经认知后遗症。
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引用次数: 0
CRISPR-based functional genomics for schistosomes and related flatworms. 基于 CRISPR 的血吸虫和相关扁形虫功能基因组学。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.010
Wannaporn Ittiprasert, Paul J Brindley

CRISPR genome editing is actively used for schistosomes and other flukes. The ability to genetically manipulate these flatworms enables deeper investigation of their (patho)biological nature. CRISPR gene knockout (KO) demonstrated that a liver fluke growth mediator contributes to disease progression. Genome safe harbor sites have been predicted in Schistosoma mansoni and targeted for transgene insertion. CRISPR-based diagnosis has been demonstrated for infection with schistosomes and Opisthorchis viverrini. This review charts the progress, and the state of play, and posits salient questions for the field to address. Derivation of heritably transgenic loss-of-function or gain-of-function lines is the next milestone.

CRISPR 基因组编辑技术被积极用于血吸虫和其他吸虫。对这些扁形虫进行基因操作的能力使人们能够更深入地研究它们的(病理)生物学特性。CRISPR基因敲除(KO)表明,一种肝吸虫生长介质有助于疾病的发展。曼氏血吸虫的基因组安全港位置已被预测出来,并成为转基因插入的目标。基于CRISPR技术的诊断已被证实可用于血吸虫和Opisthorchis viverrini的感染。本综述介绍了这一研究的进展和现状,并提出了该领域需要解决的突出问题。下一个里程碑是衍生出遗传性转基因功能缺失或功能增益品系。
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引用次数: 0
Ties that bind us: Leishmania grasps the sandfly. 束缚我们的纽带利什曼病抓住了沙蝇。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.004
Scott M Landfear

The enigmatic haptomonad forms of Leishmania parasites adhere to the sandfly stomodeal valve, damaging this feeding valve and promoting parasite transmission. Yanase et al. recently identified the first parasite proteins involved in adhesion and showed their essentiality in binding to and damaging the valve.

利什曼病寄生虫中神秘的触角单胞菌会粘附在沙蝇的气门上,破坏这一进食阀门并促进寄生虫的传播。Yanase 等人最近首次鉴定了参与粘附的寄生虫蛋白,并证明了它们在结合和破坏气门方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Reporter parasite lines: valuable tools for the study of Plasmodium biology. 报告寄生虫品系:研究疟原虫生物学的宝贵工具。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.003
Yukiko Miyazaki, Shinya Miyazaki

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria in endemic regions and is transmitted via mosquito bites. To better understand the biology of this deadly pathogen, a variety of P. falciparum reporter lines have been generated using transgenic approaches to express reporter proteins, such as fluorescent proteins and luciferases. This review discusses the advances in recently generated P. falciparum transgenic reporter lines, which will aid in the investigation of parasite physiology and the discovery of novel antimalarial drugs. Future prospects for the generation of new and superior human malaria parasite reporter lines are also discussed, and unresolved questions in malaria biology are highlighted to help boost support for the development and implementation of malaria treatments.

恶性疟原虫是疟疾流行地区最严重的疟疾寄生虫,通过蚊子叮咬传播。为了更好地了解这种致命病原体的生物学特性,人们利用转基因方法生成了多种恶性疟原虫报告基因,以表达荧光蛋白和荧光酶等报告蛋白。这篇综述讨论了最近产生的恶性疟原虫转基因报告基因系的进展,它们将有助于研究寄生虫的生理学和发现新型抗疟药物。本文还讨论了生成新的和更优越的人类疟原虫报告基因系的未来前景,并强调了疟疾生物学中尚未解决的问题,以帮助支持疟疾治疗方法的开发和实施。
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引用次数: 0
Immunological clues to sex differences in parasitic diseases. 寄生虫病性别差异的免疫学线索。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.006
Julie Sellau, Charlotte Sophie Hansen, Rosa Isela Gálvez, Lara Linnemann, Barbara Honecker, Hanna Lotter

The effect of sex on the prevalence and severity of parasitic diseases is an emerging area of research. Several factors underlie sex-based differences, including sociocultural influences that affect exposure to parasites, and physiological disparities linked to biological sex. Hence, human studies must be interpreted cautiously; however, studies conducted under controlled laboratory conditions are important to validate findings in humans. Such research can more effectively elucidate the role of sex-determining physiological factors (particularly their impact on immune responses), as well as the role of sex-specific differences in resistance to, or severity of, parasitic diseases. This review focuses on the overarching impact of biological sex variables on immunity. Both human and rodent experimental data are discussed, with a focus on selected protozoan and helminth infections.

性别对寄生虫病发病率和严重程度的影响是一个新兴的研究领域。造成性别差异的因素有多种,包括影响寄生虫接触的社会文化影响,以及与生理性别有关的生理差异。因此,对人类研究的解释必须谨慎;不过,在受控实验室条件下进行的研究对于验证人类研究结果非常重要。此类研究可以更有效地阐明性别决定生理因素的作用(尤其是对免疫反应的影响),以及寄生虫病的抵抗力或严重程度方面的性别差异。本综述侧重于生物性别变量对免疫的总体影响。文中讨论了人类和啮齿类动物的实验数据,重点是某些原生动物和蠕虫感染。
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引用次数: 0
ICAP 2024: anaerobic protozoology in focus, a partnership with parasitology societies in the South Pacific. ICAP 2024:厌氧原生动物学聚焦,与南太平洋寄生虫学会合作。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.011
Augusto Simoes-Barbosa, Kathryn M McRae, Tania S Waghorn, Pavel Dolezal, Katherine S Ralston, Ivana Bilic, Robert P Hirt, Steven A Sullivan, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
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引用次数: 0
Turning up the heat: infrared sensing during mosquito host-seeking. 升温:蚊子寻找宿主时的红外感应。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.002
Auguste de Pennart, Pei-Hsuan Wu, Benjamin J Matthews

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti uses multiple sensory systems to identify a blood-meal victim. Recent work by Chandel et al. identifies infrared radiation as a medium-distance cue acting through TrpA1 and two opsins to help target hosts, furthering our understanding of the multisensory hunting strategy used by mosquitoes on the prowl.

埃及黄热病伊蚊利用多种感官系统来识别血食受害者。Chandel 等人的最新研究发现,红外辐射是一种中距离线索,通过 TrpA1 和两种蛋白发挥作用,帮助锁定宿主。
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引用次数: 0
Microhaplotypes: the QR-code for Plasmodium vivax infection dynamics. 微组型:间日疟原虫感染动态的 QR 代码。
IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.005
Manoswini Dash, Prashant Kumar Mallick

An array of microhaplotypes - small segments of ≤200 nucleotides with heterozygous multiple-SNP exhibiting multiple allelic combinations - were identified in the Plasmodium vivax genome by Siegel et al. Interestingly, the microhaplotype has significant potential to distinguish relapse/reinfection and identify genetic relatedness across vivax-endemic areas. It is essential to validate the universal applicability of microhaplotypes.

Siegel等人在间日疟原虫基因组中发现了一系列微单型--≤200个核苷酸的小片段,具有杂合多SNP,表现出多种等位基因组合。有趣的是,微单型在区分复发/再感染和确定间日疟原虫流行地区的遗传相关性方面具有巨大潜力。验证微单型的普遍适用性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Trends in parasitology
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