Purpose: To determine the effect of combining oseltamivir, artificial cow-bezoar, chlorphenamine maleate, and interferon inhalation on immune function and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in children with influenza.
Methods: A total of 114 children with influenza treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province, China from December 2019 to December 2022 were randomly divided into two groups, viz, study group (n = 57) and control group (n = 57). Control group received oseltamivir sodium chloride infusion, artificial cow-bezoar, and chlorphenamine maleate granules. Study group was treated with interferon alpha-1b in addition to control group treatment. Their clinical symptoms, duration of symptoms, immune function, SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were also recorded.
Results: Study group had a significantly shorter duration of fever, cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion after 5 days of treatment than control group (p < 0.05). The study group also showed higher CD3+ and CD8+ levels and lower CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels than control group after treatment. However, both groups showed lower levels of SAA, CRP, and SAA/CRP after treatment than before treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of SAA, CRP, and SAA/CRP were lower in study group than in control group after treatment (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group after treatment was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Quadruple therapy using oseltamivir, artificial cow-bezoar, chlorphenamine maleate, and interferon inhalation significantly shortens symptoms, boost immunity, lower SAA levels, and reduce side effects in children with influenza.
{"title":"Effect of the combination of oseltamivir, artificial cowbezoar, chlorphenamine maleate, and interferon nebulization on immune function in children with influenza","authors":"Xianjie Wu, Zhimian Liang, Xuemei Chen","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.23","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the effect of combining oseltamivir, artificial cow-bezoar, chlorphenamine maleate, and interferon inhalation on immune function and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in children with influenza.
 Methods: A total of 114 children with influenza treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province, China from December 2019 to December 2022 were randomly divided into two groups, viz, study group (n = 57) and control group (n = 57). Control group received oseltamivir sodium chloride infusion, artificial cow-bezoar, and chlorphenamine maleate granules. Study group was treated with interferon alpha-1b in addition to control group treatment. Their clinical symptoms, duration of symptoms, immune function, SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were also recorded.
 Results: Study group had a significantly shorter duration of fever, cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion after 5 days of treatment than control group (p < 0.05). The study group also showed higher CD3+ and CD8+ levels and lower CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels than control group after treatment. However, both groups showed lower levels of SAA, CRP, and SAA/CRP after treatment than before treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of SAA, CRP, and SAA/CRP were lower in study group than in control group after treatment (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group after treatment was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Quadruple therapy using oseltamivir, artificial cow-bezoar, chlorphenamine maleate, and interferon inhalation significantly shortens symptoms, boost immunity, lower SAA levels, and reduce side effects in children with influenza.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"90 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) in combination with insulinand glucose infusion in managing hyperkalemia.
Methods: A total of 126 patients, who were admitted with hyperkalemia (≥ 5 mmol/L) to the Yongchuan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China from January 2021 to December 2022, were retrospectively studied. Participants were divided into three groups based on different potassium-lowering regimens, viz, SZC group (40 patients), insulin with glucose (IG) group (38 patients) and SZC + IG group (48 patients). Changes in potassium levels, other serum electrolytes (magnesium, sodium, phosphate, calcium), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumin before and after treatment were recorded. Adverse reactions during treatment were also recorded.
Results: Post-treatment, the potassium levels in all three groups exhibited a significant reduction when compared to pre- treatment values (p < 0.05). The SZC + IG group showed the highest efficacy, with a significant reduction in blood potassium levels observed 4 h after administration, which was more pronounced compared to other groups. The SZC + IG group, maintained potassium ion concentration at a normal level for a longer duration and no serious adverse reactions were observed during treatment.
Conclusion: Intervention with SZC + IG lowers blood potassium levels, maintains it within normal range, and is more effective than the individual use of SZC or IG. A combination of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, insulin and glucose infusion for treating hyperkalemia will need to be investigated further in a large-scale multicenter study.
{"title":"Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in combination with insulin and glucose infusion on hyperkalemia treatment","authors":"Xuansheng Wu, Li Yue, Na Yin, Feng Dai, Fang He","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) in combination with insulinand glucose infusion in managing hyperkalemia.
 Methods: A total of 126 patients, who were admitted with hyperkalemia (≥ 5 mmol/L) to the Yongchuan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China from January 2021 to December 2022, were retrospectively studied. Participants were divided into three groups based on different potassium-lowering regimens, viz, SZC group (40 patients), insulin with glucose (IG) group (38 patients) and SZC + IG group (48 patients). Changes in potassium levels, other serum electrolytes (magnesium, sodium, phosphate, calcium), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumin before and after treatment were recorded. Adverse reactions during treatment were also recorded.
 Results: Post-treatment, the potassium levels in all three groups exhibited a significant reduction when compared to pre- treatment values (p < 0.05). The SZC + IG group showed the highest efficacy, with a significant reduction in blood potassium levels observed 4 h after administration, which was more pronounced compared to other groups. The SZC + IG group, maintained potassium ion concentration at a normal level for a longer duration and no serious adverse reactions were observed during treatment.
 Conclusion: Intervention with SZC + IG lowers blood potassium levels, maintains it within normal range, and is more effective than the individual use of SZC or IG. A combination of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, insulin and glucose infusion for treating hyperkalemia will need to be investigated further in a large-scale multicenter study.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"90 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed K. Al-Essa, Eman Alefishat, Sawsan AbuHamdah, Mohammed H. Al-Muhtaseb, Darwish H. Badran, Mhd Tareq Wahbi, Rima Altaweel, Amjad T. Shatarat
Purpose: To investigate the contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to spasmogens after incubation with harmaline, harmine, and harmalol, which are alkaloids obtained from Peganum harmala L., a member of the Zygophyllaceae family.
Methods: Contractile responses of VSMCs to norepinephrine (NE; 1 µmol/L) and potassium chloride (KCl; 60 mmol/L) were recorded in rat aortic ring preparations pre-incubated with 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µmol/L of each alkaloid for 15 min. Responses were expressed as mean values of contractions in incubated preparations, relative to the recorded tension prior to treatment with alkaloids.
Results: Pre- incubation with harmaline at concentration of 10 µmol/L significantly reduced contractile responses to NE by 69.0 ± 3.0 % (p < 0.00002), and decreased KCl-induced contraction by 34.0 ± 9.0 % (p < 0.05). Harmalol was the most effective in inhibiting contractions to KCl (48.0 ± 9.0 %, p < 0.01). However, harmalol produced relatively moderate inhibitory effects on NE-induced contractions (46.0 ± 4.0 %, p < 0.005), followed by harmine (52.0 ± 8.0 %, p < 0.02), but it did not significantly affect contractile responses to KCl.
Conclusion: These results highlight the differential effects of pre-incubation with alkaloids from P. harmala and their potential effects on the prevention of VSMC spasms induced by either chemicals or stimuli that change the membrane potential.
{"title":"Alkaloids from <i>Peganum harmala</i> attenuated contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle cells","authors":"Mohamed K. Al-Essa, Eman Alefishat, Sawsan AbuHamdah, Mohammed H. Al-Muhtaseb, Darwish H. Badran, Mhd Tareq Wahbi, Rima Altaweel, Amjad T. Shatarat","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to spasmogens after incubation with harmaline, harmine, and harmalol, which are alkaloids obtained from Peganum harmala L., a member of the Zygophyllaceae family.
 Methods: Contractile responses of VSMCs to norepinephrine (NE; 1 µmol/L) and potassium chloride (KCl; 60 mmol/L) were recorded in rat aortic ring preparations pre-incubated with 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µmol/L of each alkaloid for 15 min. Responses were expressed as mean values of contractions in incubated preparations, relative to the recorded tension prior to treatment with alkaloids.
 Results: Pre- incubation with harmaline at concentration of 10 µmol/L significantly reduced contractile responses to NE by 69.0 ± 3.0 % (p < 0.00002), and decreased KCl-induced contraction by 34.0 ± 9.0 % (p < 0.05). Harmalol was the most effective in inhibiting contractions to KCl (48.0 ± 9.0 %, p < 0.01). However, harmalol produced relatively moderate inhibitory effects on NE-induced contractions (46.0 ± 4.0 %, p < 0.005), followed by harmine (52.0 ± 8.0 %, p < 0.02), but it did not significantly affect contractile responses to KCl.
 Conclusion: These results highlight the differential effects of pre-incubation with alkaloids from P. harmala and their potential effects on the prevention of VSMC spasms induced by either chemicals or stimuli that change the membrane potential.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate potential benefits of continuous nursing combined with cephalosporin antibiotics in patients with acute cerebral infarction complicated by pulmonary infection.
Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction complicated by pulmonary infection were selected for this study, and admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China from June 2020 to June 2022. Patients were randomly divided into a control group (which received conventional care and cephalosporin antibiotics, n =53), and a study group managed with sustained nursing and cephalosporin antibiotics (n = 53). The study compared various clinical parameters between two groups before and after intervention, including time of symptom relief for fever, cough, and wet rales, as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), FuglMeyer Assessment (FMA), Barthel Index (BI), Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and severity of pulmonary infection which was assessed by CURB 65 score.
Results: Compared with control group, study group had a significantly shorter clinical symptom relief time after intervention (p < 0.05). After intervention, NIHSS, SPBS, SAS, SDS, APACHE II, and CURB 65 scores in study group were significantly lower, whereas FMA and BI scores were significantly higher before intervention (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Administration of nursing care and cephalosporin antibiotics reduces the time required for symptom relief, and improves neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction and pulmonary infections.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of continuous care and cephalosporin antimicrobials in managing pulmonary infections in acute stroke patients: A comprehensive study","authors":"Lanqing W, Lirong Chen, Haiyou Liao","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.24","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate potential benefits of continuous nursing combined with cephalosporin antibiotics in patients with acute cerebral infarction complicated by pulmonary infection.
 Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction complicated by pulmonary infection were selected for this study, and admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China from June 2020 to June 2022. Patients were randomly divided into a control group (which received conventional care and cephalosporin antibiotics, n =53), and a study group managed with sustained nursing and cephalosporin antibiotics (n = 53). The study compared various clinical parameters between two groups before and after intervention, including time of symptom relief for fever, cough, and wet rales, as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), FuglMeyer Assessment (FMA), Barthel Index (BI), Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and severity of pulmonary infection which was assessed by CURB 65 score.
 Results: Compared with control group, study group had a significantly shorter clinical symptom relief time after intervention (p < 0.05). After intervention, NIHSS, SPBS, SAS, SDS, APACHE II, and CURB 65 scores in study group were significantly lower, whereas FMA and BI scores were significantly higher before intervention (p < 0.05). 
 Conclusion: Administration of nursing care and cephalosporin antibiotics reduces the time required for symptom relief, and improves neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction and pulmonary infections.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"88 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aihong Yang, Yan Ge, Panpan Yang, Yuqi Xin, Chenlu Zhang, Feixue Xu, Jiao Yang
Nectin-3 and nectin-4 belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and are Ca2+ -independent homophilic cell adhesion molecules. Nectin-3 is ubiquitous in adult tissues, and it enhances normal levels of synaptic formation. In contrast, nectin-4 is weakly-to-moderately expressed in normal human tissues. In recent years, studies have shown that nectin-3 is highly expressed in the nervous system. Moreover, it is associated with poor prognostic factors in distant metastases and malignant tumors with high vascular invasion such as pancreatic, lung and breast cancers. In particular, nectin-4 is overexpressed in various malignant tumors, and it is associated with proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, DNA repair, cancer stemness, and poor prognosis. Unlike nectin-3, nectin-4 has become a potential prognostic biomarker and specific therapeutic target for cancer as there is no consensus on the significance of abnormal expression of nectin-3 in various cancers.
{"title":"Nectin-3 and Nectin-4: potential prognostic biomarkers for therapeutic targeting of cancer","authors":"Aihong Yang, Yan Ge, Panpan Yang, Yuqi Xin, Chenlu Zhang, Feixue Xu, Jiao Yang","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.27","url":null,"abstract":"Nectin-3 and nectin-4 belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and are Ca2+ -independent homophilic cell adhesion molecules. Nectin-3 is ubiquitous in adult tissues, and it enhances normal levels of synaptic formation. In contrast, nectin-4 is weakly-to-moderately expressed in normal human tissues. In recent years, studies have shown that nectin-3 is highly expressed in the nervous system. Moreover, it is associated with poor prognostic factors in distant metastases and malignant tumors with high vascular invasion such as pancreatic, lung and breast cancers. In particular, nectin-4 is overexpressed in various malignant tumors, and it is associated with proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, DNA repair, cancer stemness, and poor prognosis. Unlike nectin-3, nectin-4 has become a potential prognostic biomarker and specific therapeutic target for cancer as there is no consensus on the significance of abnormal expression of nectin-3 in various cancers.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"90 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinming Yu, Zonggang Zhao, Lili Tao, Xiao Shun, Liu Bing
Purpose: To study the effect of miR-22 on angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection in mice, and its protective effect on aortic vessel wall, as well the involvement of MAPK-14 in these processes.
Methods: A mouse aortic dissection model was established via subcutaneous implantation of angiotensin II (1 µg/kg/min) micropump in the dorsal region. The mice (n = 30) were assigned in equal numbers to 5 groups (n = 6). All injections were given via the tail vein. The miR-22 expressions in aortas of mice in each group were determined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the expressions of MAPK-14 protein, while H&E staining was used to measure the ratio of aortic thickness-to-diameter, and contents of collagen and elastic fibers.
Results: The expression of miR-22 in aorta of mice in miR-22 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in overexpression control group, but significantly lower in miR-22 inhibition mouse than in inhibition control mouse (p < 0.05). There was significantly lower protein expression of MAPK-14 in mice aorta in miR-22 overexpression mice than in overexpression control mice, but significantly upregulated in miR-22 inhibition mice, relative to that in inhibition control mice (p < 0.05). In the miR-22 overexpression mice, the ratio of membrane thickness-to-diameter was higher than the corresponding value in miR-22 inhibition mice. There were significantly higher contents of aortic elastic and collagen fibers in miR-22 overexpression mice than in overexpression control and miR-22 inhibition groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-22 inhibits the up-regulation of expression of its target gene mapk14, increases thickness of aortic media and aortic elasticity in mice, and increase the content of collagen fibers, thereby exerting protective effect on aortic wall structure.
{"title":"MiR-22 inhibits angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection and protects aortic vessel wall in mice by targeting MAPK14","authors":"Xinming Yu, Zonggang Zhao, Lili Tao, Xiao Shun, Liu Bing","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the effect of miR-22 on angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection in mice, and its protective effect on aortic vessel wall, as well the involvement of MAPK-14 in these processes.
 Methods: A mouse aortic dissection model was established via subcutaneous implantation of angiotensin II (1 µg/kg/min) micropump in the dorsal region. The mice (n = 30) were assigned in equal numbers to 5 groups (n = 6). All injections were given via the tail vein. The miR-22 expressions in aortas of mice in each group were determined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the expressions of MAPK-14 protein, while H&E staining was used to measure the ratio of aortic thickness-to-diameter, and contents of collagen and elastic fibers.
 Results: The expression of miR-22 in aorta of mice in miR-22 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in overexpression control group, but significantly lower in miR-22 inhibition mouse than in inhibition control mouse (p < 0.05). There was significantly lower protein expression of MAPK-14 in mice aorta in miR-22 overexpression mice than in overexpression control mice, but significantly upregulated in miR-22 inhibition mice, relative to that in inhibition control mice (p < 0.05). In the miR-22 overexpression mice, the ratio of membrane thickness-to-diameter was higher than the corresponding value in miR-22 inhibition mice. There were significantly higher contents of aortic elastic and collagen fibers in miR-22 overexpression mice than in overexpression control and miR-22 inhibition groups (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-22 inhibits the up-regulation of expression of its target gene mapk14, increases thickness of aortic media and aortic elasticity in mice, and increase the content of collagen fibers, thereby exerting protective effect on aortic wall structure.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"89 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the role of tectorigenin (TG) in melanoma cells.
Methods: Viability of A375 and A2058 melanoma cells was determined by cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Migration and invasion of melanoma cells were determined by Transwell assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma cells was investigated by determining expression of E-Cadherin and Snail. Expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactose dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was assessed via western blotting. Glucose and lactate production was evaluated by corresponding assay kit. The NOX4 and FOXM1 expressions were determined using western blotting.
Results: Tectorigenin inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A2058 melanoma cells. Tectorigenin regulated cell cycle progression by decreasing the number of cells in S-phase and significantly inhibited snail expression and increased expression of E-Cadherin (p < 0.05), thus inhibiting the EMT of A375 and A2058 cells. Tectorigenin inhibited expression of GLUT1 and LDHA, thereby leading to reduction in glucose consumption and lactate production. It also significantly inhibited expressions of NOX4 and FOXM1 (p < 0.05), indicating an inhibitory effect on the activity of NOX4/FOXM1 pathway.
Conclusion: Tectorigenin inhibits aerobic glycolysis, growth and migration in melanoma cells by suppressing the activity of NOX4/FOXM1 pathway, suggesting its potential in melanoma treatment.
{"title":"Tectorigenin functions as a potential drug for melanoma treatment via inhibition of cell growth, migration and aerobic glycolysis","authors":"Qiao Yan, Fei Wang","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the role of tectorigenin (TG) in melanoma cells.
 Methods: Viability of A375 and A2058 melanoma cells was determined by cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Migration and invasion of melanoma cells were determined by Transwell assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma cells was investigated by determining expression of E-Cadherin and Snail. Expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactose dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was assessed via western blotting. Glucose and lactate production was evaluated by corresponding assay kit. The NOX4 and FOXM1 expressions were determined using western blotting. 
 Results: Tectorigenin inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A2058 melanoma cells. Tectorigenin regulated cell cycle progression by decreasing the number of cells in S-phase and significantly inhibited snail expression and increased expression of E-Cadherin (p < 0.05), thus inhibiting the EMT of A375 and A2058 cells. Tectorigenin inhibited expression of GLUT1 and LDHA, thereby leading to reduction in glucose consumption and lactate production. It also significantly inhibited expressions of NOX4 and FOXM1 (p < 0.05), indicating an inhibitory effect on the activity of NOX4/FOXM1 pathway.
 Conclusion: Tectorigenin inhibits aerobic glycolysis, growth and migration in melanoma cells by suppressing the activity of NOX4/FOXM1 pathway, suggesting its potential in melanoma treatment.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"89 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baojian Wang, Bobin Hu, Jianning Jiang, Minghua Su, Xiaoli Wu, Shaohua Zhong, Yanxiu Liang, Shihua Li, Rong Xie
Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of quasispecies in the P region of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with lamivudine (LAM), and its effect on HBV relapse after drug withdrawal in CHB patients who met drug cessation criteria.
Methods: A total of 43 patients with chronic HBV infection, who had undergone LAM therapy, were enrolled in this study. Treatment was discontinued for patients who met therapeutic criteria set by relevant Asian-Pacific regions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the genome in P region of serum rcDNA before treatment, cccDNA during drug cessation period, and serum rcDNA at relapse. Quasispecies cloning and sequencing were performed to identify variable sites in HBV P region.
Results: Mutations in P region of baseline serum rcDNA were detected in 30 CHB patients, with N/H238T (14/30), L/F/Q/R267H (12/30), V278T (12/30), D134E/I (11/30), and T222A (9/30) having highest rates. In hepatocellular cccDNA P region during drug withdrawal, most detectable mutations were L/F/Q/R267H (25/43), V278T (18/43), N/H238T (15/43), D134E/I (14/43), and T222A (11/43). During relapse, the highest detectable mutation rates in serum rcDNA P region were N/H238T (12/19), L/F/Q/R267H (10/19), T222A (10/19), and V278T (8/19).
Conclusion: High mutation rates of T222A and N/H238T in P region of HBV DNA increase the risk of relapse in patients. As a result, patients are susceptible to relapse after drug withdrawal.
目的:探讨拉米夫定(LAM)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) DNA P区准种特征及其对符合停药标准的CHB患者停药后HBV复发的影响。方法:选取43例接受LAM治疗的慢性HBV感染患者为研究对象。符合相关亚太地区制定的治疗标准的患者停止治疗。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增治疗前、停药期和复发期血清rcDNA P区基因组。准种克隆和测序鉴定HBV P区可变位点。
结果:30例CHB患者均检测到基线血清rcDNA P区突变，其中N/H238T(14/30)、L/F/Q/R267H(12/30)、V278T(12/30)、D134E/I(11/30)、T222A(9/30)发生率最高。停药期间肝细胞cccDNA P区检测到最多的突变为L/F/Q/R267H(25/43)、V278T(18/43)、N/H238T(15/43)、D134E/I(14/43)和T222A(11/43)。在复发期间，血清rcDNA P区可检出的突变率最高的是N/H238T(12/19)、L/F/Q/R267H(10/19)、T222A(10/19)和V278T(8/19)。结论:HBV DNA P区T222A和N/H238T的高突变率增加了患者复发的风险。因此，患者停药后容易复发。
{"title":"Preliminary study on the relationship between recurrence and quasispecies characteristics in P region of hepatitis B virus genome of chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine","authors":"Baojian Wang, Bobin Hu, Jianning Jiang, Minghua Su, Xiaoli Wu, Shaohua Zhong, Yanxiu Liang, Shihua Li, Rong Xie","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i10.21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of quasispecies in the P region of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with lamivudine (LAM), and its effect on HBV relapse after drug withdrawal in CHB patients who met drug cessation criteria.
 Methods: A total of 43 patients with chronic HBV infection, who had undergone LAM therapy, were enrolled in this study. Treatment was discontinued for patients who met therapeutic criteria set by relevant Asian-Pacific regions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the genome in P region of serum rcDNA before treatment, cccDNA during drug cessation period, and serum rcDNA at relapse. Quasispecies cloning and sequencing were performed to identify variable sites in HBV P region.
 Results: Mutations in P region of baseline serum rcDNA were detected in 30 CHB patients, with N/H238T (14/30), L/F/Q/R267H (12/30), V278T (12/30), D134E/I (11/30), and T222A (9/30) having highest rates. In hepatocellular cccDNA P region during drug withdrawal, most detectable mutations were L/F/Q/R267H (25/43), V278T (18/43), N/H238T (15/43), D134E/I (14/43), and T222A (11/43). During relapse, the highest detectable mutation rates in serum rcDNA P region were N/H238T (12/19), L/F/Q/R267H (10/19), T222A (10/19), and V278T (8/19).
 Conclusion: High mutation rates of T222A and N/H238T in P region of HBV DNA increase the risk of relapse in patients. As a result, patients are susceptible to relapse after drug withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"88 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huaqu Gong, Tingting Liu, Lirong Duan, Lirong Duan, Haiyang Wang
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of sevoflurane + sufentanil combination anesthesia in pediatric surgery for removal of tracheal foreign bodies, and its effect on hemodynamics.Methods: A total of 128 children with airway foreign bodies were assigned to control and study groups, each with 64 children. The control patients received slow intravenous injection of propofol (3 mg/kg). The study group was given 5 % sevoflurane and a slow intravenous injection of sufentanil (0.3 μg/kg). Hemodynamic parameters (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded before induction of anesthesia, at the time of intubation, during placement of a rigid bronchoscope (when the lens was placed), during removal of foreign bodies, and when extubating. Complications in children in the two groups after the removal of airway foreign body were recorded.Results: At the times of intubation and extubation, blood pressure and heart rate were significantly increased in both groups, but appreciably lower values were seen in study group. The major complications in pediatric airway foreign body removal in two groups were vomiting, bronchospasm and holding of breath.Conclusion: In children with airway extraction, sevoflurane, in combination with sufentanil produced better anesthetic effect and less impact on hemodynamics than propofol. Moreover, the children woke up faster and had fewer complications. The combined anesthesia is safe and reliable. However, the clinical application of this combined anesthesia requires larger-sample clinical studies.
{"title":"Combined sevoflurane/sufentanil anesthesia for removal of tracheal foreign bodies in pediatric surgery, and its effect on hemodynamics","authors":"Huaqu Gong, Tingting Liu, Lirong Duan, Lirong Duan, Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i9.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i9.18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the efficacy of sevoflurane + sufentanil combination anesthesia in pediatric surgery for removal of tracheal foreign bodies, and its effect on hemodynamics.Methods: A total of 128 children with airway foreign bodies were assigned to control and study groups, each with 64 children. The control patients received slow intravenous injection of propofol (3 mg/kg). The study group was given 5 % sevoflurane and a slow intravenous injection of sufentanil (0.3 μg/kg). Hemodynamic parameters (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded before induction of anesthesia, at the time of intubation, during placement of a rigid bronchoscope (when the lens was placed), during removal of foreign bodies, and when extubating. Complications in children in the two groups after the removal of airway foreign body were recorded.Results: At the times of intubation and extubation, blood pressure and heart rate were significantly increased in both groups, but appreciably lower values were seen in study group. The major complications in pediatric airway foreign body removal in two groups were vomiting, bronchospasm and holding of breath.Conclusion: In children with airway extraction, sevoflurane, in combination with sufentanil produced better anesthetic effect and less impact on hemodynamics than propofol. Moreover, the children woke up faster and had fewer complications. The combined anesthesia is safe and reliable. However, the clinical application of this combined anesthesia requires larger-sample clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135250944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the effect of ruscogenin (RUS) on cell viability, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) model.Methods: The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was modified with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) to establish a PD model. RUS (1 or 10 μM) was used to treat MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ATP production, Ca2+ concentration and JC-1 were quantified using commercial kits. The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Keap1, Nrf2 and HO-1 were evaluated by western blot analysis.Results: RUS protected cell viability, reduced LDH production, and elevated TH expression in MPP+- modified SH-SY5Y cells. RUS promoted the release of SOD, CAT and GPx, but suppressed MDA production. Furthermore, RUS enhanced ATP metabolism, decreased Ca2+ leakage and maintained mitochondrial function. RUS also repressed Keap1 expression but increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels.Conclusion: RUS enhances cell viability while alleviating cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopamine neurons through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Thus, RUS is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
{"title":"Ruscogenin regulates endogenous antioxidation in dopamine neurons by activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway","authors":"Kai Shi, Bing Wang","doi":"10.4314/tjpr.v22i9.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i9.3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the effect of ruscogenin (RUS) on cell viability, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) model.Methods: The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was modified with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) to establish a PD model. RUS (1 or 10 μM) was used to treat MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ATP production, Ca2+ concentration and JC-1 were quantified using commercial kits. The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Keap1, Nrf2 and HO-1 were evaluated by western blot analysis.Results: RUS protected cell viability, reduced LDH production, and elevated TH expression in MPP+- modified SH-SY5Y cells. RUS promoted the release of SOD, CAT and GPx, but suppressed MDA production. Furthermore, RUS enhanced ATP metabolism, decreased Ca2+ leakage and maintained mitochondrial function. RUS also repressed Keap1 expression but increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels.Conclusion: RUS enhances cell viability while alleviating cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopamine neurons through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Thus, RUS is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.","PeriodicalId":23347,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135250945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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