Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759032
S. Chakravarthy, N. Sarveshwaran, S. Sriharini, M. Shanmugapriya
A microstrip patch antenna is a planar directional antenna in which a metal patch is placed on top of a dielectric substrate which in turn is placed on top of a metal ground plane. The power transfer between a source and antenna is done through a feed line. In general, the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 50 ohms. By maximum power transfer theorem, the patch antenna should be fed at a point where input impedance is 50 ohms for maximum input power. There are several feeding techniques for patch antenna to match this condition. In this paper, a comparative study between inset feed, co-axial feed, aperture feed and proximity feed of a rectangular micro-strip patch antenna is done on the basis of S11 parameter, VSWR, directivity, beamwidth, bandwidth and radiation pattern. Design for each feeding technique is simulated and studied using the CST microwave studio software. The resonant frequency of the four antennas studied in this paper is 2 GHz. The fabricated inset fed patch antenna has been tested. It has acceptable return loss and comparable radiation performance with that of the simulated antenna.
{"title":"Comparative study on different feeding techniques of rectangular patch antenna","authors":"S. Chakravarthy, N. Sarveshwaran, S. Sriharini, M. Shanmugapriya","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759032","url":null,"abstract":"A microstrip patch antenna is a planar directional antenna in which a metal patch is placed on top of a dielectric substrate which in turn is placed on top of a metal ground plane. The power transfer between a source and antenna is done through a feed line. In general, the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 50 ohms. By maximum power transfer theorem, the patch antenna should be fed at a point where input impedance is 50 ohms for maximum input power. There are several feeding techniques for patch antenna to match this condition. In this paper, a comparative study between inset feed, co-axial feed, aperture feed and proximity feed of a rectangular micro-strip patch antenna is done on the basis of S11 parameter, VSWR, directivity, beamwidth, bandwidth and radiation pattern. Design for each feeding technique is simulated and studied using the CST microwave studio software. The resonant frequency of the four antennas studied in this paper is 2 GHz. The fabricated inset fed patch antenna has been tested. It has acceptable return loss and comparable radiation performance with that of the simulated antenna.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122143462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759874
C. Padmaja, B. Malleswari
Future broadband communication systems should provide low-complexity data processing, higher data rate, and stronger performance. Performance analysis itself is a critical stage in the field of wireless communications due to the nature of multipath fading that are encountered due to scatters. The ultimate performance measures are the bit error rate and average spectral efficiency of the system being studied. In particular, the BER performance depends on the employed detection scheme, signal to-noise ratio (SNR), and diversity order. This paper addresses a channel estimation method based on Kalman filter with STBC codes for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Simulations have been done in MATLAB for time-varying Rayleigh faded channels for m-QAM. The proposed technique seems to obtain an error performance closer to that of a known channel information case in severely faded channel considerations.
{"title":"Bit error rate analysis of 4G communication systems","authors":"C. Padmaja, B. Malleswari","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759874","url":null,"abstract":"Future broadband communication systems should provide low-complexity data processing, higher data rate, and stronger performance. Performance analysis itself is a critical stage in the field of wireless communications due to the nature of multipath fading that are encountered due to scatters. The ultimate performance measures are the bit error rate and average spectral efficiency of the system being studied. In particular, the BER performance depends on the employed detection scheme, signal to-noise ratio (SNR), and diversity order. This paper addresses a channel estimation method based on Kalman filter with STBC codes for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Simulations have been done in MATLAB for time-varying Rayleigh faded channels for m-QAM. The proposed technique seems to obtain an error performance closer to that of a known channel information case in severely faded channel considerations.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132890831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759880
Jay Bryan R. Lawas, A. C. Vivero, Ankit Sharma
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that is used to securely connect private network passing through a public network such as the Internet. Using a VPN, a computer, tablet, or smartphone is able to securely connect with others in the Internet as if they were part of a private network. Using this technology may also bring security threats like spoofing, snipping, and hacking as the data travels using the Internet connection. In order to avoid any security attacks, a VPN uses encryption and authentication to secure the data that is travelling in the Internet. A tunnel connection will be established among partners, connected by using a VPN that the attackers cannot infiltrate. This research focuses on the performance evaluation of VPN protocols, mainly the Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) and Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2). Throughput, jitter, and delay were measured when the packets were sent from the VPN clients to other client in a test-bed environment. After the test-bed environment research, it was found that IKEv2 had significantly better performance than SSTP in relation to throughput, jitter, and delay.
{"title":"Network performance evaluation of VPN protocols (SSTP and IKEv2)","authors":"Jay Bryan R. Lawas, A. C. Vivero, Ankit Sharma","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759880","url":null,"abstract":"A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that is used to securely connect private network passing through a public network such as the Internet. Using a VPN, a computer, tablet, or smartphone is able to securely connect with others in the Internet as if they were part of a private network. Using this technology may also bring security threats like spoofing, snipping, and hacking as the data travels using the Internet connection. In order to avoid any security attacks, a VPN uses encryption and authentication to secure the data that is travelling in the Internet. A tunnel connection will be established among partners, connected by using a VPN that the attackers cannot infiltrate. This research focuses on the performance evaluation of VPN protocols, mainly the Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) and Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2). Throughput, jitter, and delay were measured when the packets were sent from the VPN clients to other client in a test-bed environment. After the test-bed environment research, it was found that IKEv2 had significantly better performance than SSTP in relation to throughput, jitter, and delay.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759019
Amrah Maryam, Nadia Siddiqui, Mohammed A. Qadeer, M. Sarosh Umar
TRAVEL PORTAL is an android project used for acquiring information about particular city's hotels, restaurants, historical places, etc. It will also provide the current location of the user. This application will also be used by travelling agencies to manage their customer trips, acquire information, etc. This application will provide notepad to add important task to do. It will also provide help center to the user to chat with administrator to solve the queries. Travel Portal application is based on the idea that travelers rely on other traveler reviews to plan their trips. This project Travel Portal helps build strong web enabled solutions that are customized to the needs of individual customers; turnkey solutions for travel agencies and intermediaries, airlines, hotels and transportation companies.
{"title":"Travel management system using GPS & geo tagging on Android platform","authors":"Amrah Maryam, Nadia Siddiqui, Mohammed A. Qadeer, M. Sarosh Umar","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759019","url":null,"abstract":"TRAVEL PORTAL is an android project used for acquiring information about particular city's hotels, restaurants, historical places, etc. It will also provide the current location of the user. This application will also be used by travelling agencies to manage their customer trips, acquire information, etc. This application will provide notepad to add important task to do. It will also provide help center to the user to chat with administrator to solve the queries. Travel Portal application is based on the idea that travelers rely on other traveler reviews to plan their trips. This project Travel Portal helps build strong web enabled solutions that are customized to the needs of individual customers; turnkey solutions for travel agencies and intermediaries, airlines, hotels and transportation companies.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126669188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759024
S. A. Termizi, Safia Rahmat, M. Qadeer
LTE is a standard for wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards, aimed at increasing the capacity and speed of wireless data networks, in licensed band. Now, LTE is being upgraded to LTE-U, which utilizes the unlicensed band. Wi-Fi is a local area wireless technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet using 2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF radio waves. Wi-Fi follows IEEE 802.11 standards. The latest standard of Wi-Fi that is in use is 802.11ac. It uses 5 GHz band only. This paper examines Wifi and its various standards, LTE and its bands, the difference between Wi-Fi (802.11ac) and LTE-U, and the need why unlicensed spectrum is used. We shall mainly focus on layer one and layer two parameters.
{"title":"LTE-U over Wi-Fi","authors":"S. A. Termizi, Safia Rahmat, M. Qadeer","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759024","url":null,"abstract":"LTE is a standard for wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards, aimed at increasing the capacity and speed of wireless data networks, in licensed band. Now, LTE is being upgraded to LTE-U, which utilizes the unlicensed band. Wi-Fi is a local area wireless technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet using 2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF radio waves. Wi-Fi follows IEEE 802.11 standards. The latest standard of Wi-Fi that is in use is 802.11ac. It uses 5 GHz band only. This paper examines Wifi and its various standards, LTE and its bands, the difference between Wi-Fi (802.11ac) and LTE-U, and the need why unlicensed spectrum is used. We shall mainly focus on layer one and layer two parameters.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759021
M. A. Thorat, V. Deshpande
Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes to sense environmental or physical data and that will be communicated to sink through one hop or multi hop communication. These sensors are small, with limited processing and computing resources. These sensors can sense, measure, and gather information from the environment and transmit that data to the sink. All nodes in network are trying to send data to sink, in such scenario there is possibility of congestion. Congestion may reduce packet deliver ratio, throughput and network lifetime. Network lifetime is depends on energy consumption of each node in network. This paper introduced Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC) algorithm, which distribute bandwidth to the nodes as per distance from sink that. This reduces possibility of congestion and energy utilization of all nodes in a network is fair. Analysis is carried out with and without using this algorithm. Results show that energy as well as traffic fairness is improved.
{"title":"Assessment of fairness against quality of service parameters in wireless sensor networks","authors":"M. A. Thorat, V. Deshpande","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759021","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes to sense environmental or physical data and that will be communicated to sink through one hop or multi hop communication. These sensors are small, with limited processing and computing resources. These sensors can sense, measure, and gather information from the environment and transmit that data to the sink. All nodes in network are trying to send data to sink, in such scenario there is possibility of congestion. Congestion may reduce packet deliver ratio, throughput and network lifetime. Network lifetime is depends on energy consumption of each node in network. This paper introduced Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC) algorithm, which distribute bandwidth to the nodes as per distance from sink that. This reduces possibility of congestion and energy utilization of all nodes in a network is fair. Analysis is carried out with and without using this algorithm. Results show that energy as well as traffic fairness is improved.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132795248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759025
Praveen Kumar Kamma, Chennakeshava Reddy Palla, U. R. Nelakuditi, R. S. Yarrabothu
Accessing end devices (nodes) in the Internet of things (IoT) with a uniquie IP address is possible with the evolution IPv6 and 6LoWPAN. 6LoWPAN stands for IPv6 over a Low Power WPAN, which is a open stack developed by IETF to provides communication between LoWPAN devices and the internet. 6LoWPAN Border Router (6LBR) is gateway between nodes and internet, which connects 6LoWPAN devices to the Internet and is also responsible for handling traffic between IPv6 and IEEE 802.15.4 interfaces. There are many solutions to implement 6LoWPAN Networks, but very few are open standards which can be implemented on development boards like Raspberry Pi, Beagle bones etc. In this paper CETIC-6LBR is chosen, which is open source, Contiki based, and well supported by popular repositories. This Paper aims at design and implementation of 6LoWPAN border router with an embedded Webserver on Beagle Bone Black (BBB) and implement bridge between 6LoWPAN devices to the internet (IPv4 as well as IPv6).
随着IPv6和6LoWPAN的演进，使用唯一的IP地址访问物联网中的终端设备(节点)成为可能。LoWPAN代表低功率WPAN上的IPv6，它是由IETF开发的一个开放堆栈，用于提供LoWPAN设备和互联网之间的通信。6LoWPAN Border Router (6LBR)是节点与internet之间的网关，它将6LoWPAN设备连接到internet，同时也负责处理IPv6和IEEE 802.15.4接口之间的流量。有许多实现6LoWPAN网络的解决方案，但很少是开放标准，可以在树莓派、Beagle bones等开发板上实现。本文选择了CETIC-6LBR，它是开源的，基于Contiki的，并且得到了流行存储库的良好支持。本文旨在设计和实现在BBB (Beagle Bone Black)上嵌入Webserver的6LoWPAN边界路由器，实现6LoWPAN设备与互联网(IPv4和IPv6)之间的桥接。
{"title":"Design and implementation of 6LoWPAN border router","authors":"Praveen Kumar Kamma, Chennakeshava Reddy Palla, U. R. Nelakuditi, R. S. Yarrabothu","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759025","url":null,"abstract":"Accessing end devices (nodes) in the Internet of things (IoT) with a uniquie IP address is possible with the evolution IPv6 and 6LoWPAN. 6LoWPAN stands for IPv6 over a Low Power WPAN, which is a open stack developed by IETF to provides communication between LoWPAN devices and the internet. 6LoWPAN Border Router (6LBR) is gateway between nodes and internet, which connects 6LoWPAN devices to the Internet and is also responsible for handling traffic between IPv6 and IEEE 802.15.4 interfaces. There are many solutions to implement 6LoWPAN Networks, but very few are open standards which can be implemented on development boards like Raspberry Pi, Beagle bones etc. In this paper CETIC-6LBR is chosen, which is open source, Contiki based, and well supported by popular repositories. This Paper aims at design and implementation of 6LoWPAN border router with an embedded Webserver on Beagle Bone Black (BBB) and implement bridge between 6LoWPAN devices to the internet (IPv4 as well as IPv6).","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"2464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127475615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759876
Niloy Chakrabarti, S. Kalra, Sanjeev Saxena, M. Tripathy
In this paper we have modeled a ultra-wideband 4×1 modified Vivaldi antenna array using the software HFSS for GPR applications. A one to four Wilkinson's power divider was designed to form the feed network for the antenna array. We have obtained ultra-wideband characteristics ranging from 1.19 GHz-9.62 GHz and multiband characteristics with frequency bands 9.92 GHz-12.33 GHz, 12.63 GHz-13.43 GHz, 13.71 GHz-14.58 GHz, 15.18 GHz-17.10 GHz and 18.40 GHz-20 GHz. We have obtained gain starting from the frequency 1 GHz which increases gradually with increase in frequency and reaches its peak of 15 dBi at the frequency 7.47 GHz. The Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) stays well below the value of 2 from a range of 1.13 GHz-9.67 GHz. Acquiring of ultra-wideband operating frequency band as well as multiband characteristics at very high frequency will facilitate implementation of a Ground Penetrating Radar system. Antenna parameters like return loss (S11) characteristics, gain, VSWR, directivity, E-plane, H-plane radiation patterns at different frequencies and current density on the radiating patch have been evaluated and results are analyzed.
{"title":"Ultra-wideband antenna for a ground penetrating radar","authors":"Niloy Chakrabarti, S. Kalra, Sanjeev Saxena, M. Tripathy","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759876","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have modeled a ultra-wideband 4×1 modified Vivaldi antenna array using the software HFSS for GPR applications. A one to four Wilkinson's power divider was designed to form the feed network for the antenna array. We have obtained ultra-wideband characteristics ranging from 1.19 GHz-9.62 GHz and multiband characteristics with frequency bands 9.92 GHz-12.33 GHz, 12.63 GHz-13.43 GHz, 13.71 GHz-14.58 GHz, 15.18 GHz-17.10 GHz and 18.40 GHz-20 GHz. We have obtained gain starting from the frequency 1 GHz which increases gradually with increase in frequency and reaches its peak of 15 dBi at the frequency 7.47 GHz. The Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) stays well below the value of 2 from a range of 1.13 GHz-9.67 GHz. Acquiring of ultra-wideband operating frequency band as well as multiband characteristics at very high frequency will facilitate implementation of a Ground Penetrating Radar system. Antenna parameters like return loss (S11) characteristics, gain, VSWR, directivity, E-plane, H-plane radiation patterns at different frequencies and current density on the radiating patch have been evaluated and results are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"197 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113991125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759029
G. Bhargav, G. Prasad, Srikar Datta Canchi, B. Chanikya
Power has become one of the most important concerns in design convergence for multi gigahertz communication systems such as optical data links, wireless products, microprocessor & ASIC/SOC designs. Power consumption has become a bottleneck in microprocessor design. In an effort to reduce the power consumption of the circuit, the supply voltage can be reduced leading to reduction of dynamic and static power consumption. Lowering the supply voltage, however, also reduces the performance of the circuit, which is usually unacceptable. Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is an important analog circuit used in various communication applications such as frequency synthesizer, radio, computer, clock generation, clock recovery, etc. Since all these applications are operating at different frequency, satisfying design constraints for PLL with respect to type of PLL operating frequency, Bandwidth, Settling time and other parameters is an critical and time consuming issue. Phase locked-loops (PLLs) are commonly used to generate well-timed on-chip clocks in high performance digital systems. Modern wireless communication systems employ Phase Locked Loop (PLL) mainly for synchronization, clock synthesis, skew and jitter reduction. Because of the increase in the speed of the circuit operation, there is a need of a PLL circuit with faster locking ability. Many present communication systems operate in the GHz frequency range. Hence there is a necessity of a PLL which must operate in the GHz range with less lock time. PLL is a mixed signal circuit as its architecture involves both digital and analog signal processing units. The present work is implemented in Cadence 90nm CMOS technology.
{"title":"Design and analysis of phase locked loop in 90nm CMOS","authors":"G. Bhargav, G. Prasad, Srikar Datta Canchi, B. Chanikya","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759029","url":null,"abstract":"Power has become one of the most important concerns in design convergence for multi gigahertz communication systems such as optical data links, wireless products, microprocessor & ASIC/SOC designs. Power consumption has become a bottleneck in microprocessor design. In an effort to reduce the power consumption of the circuit, the supply voltage can be reduced leading to reduction of dynamic and static power consumption. Lowering the supply voltage, however, also reduces the performance of the circuit, which is usually unacceptable. Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is an important analog circuit used in various communication applications such as frequency synthesizer, radio, computer, clock generation, clock recovery, etc. Since all these applications are operating at different frequency, satisfying design constraints for PLL with respect to type of PLL operating frequency, Bandwidth, Settling time and other parameters is an critical and time consuming issue. Phase locked-loops (PLLs) are commonly used to generate well-timed on-chip clocks in high performance digital systems. Modern wireless communication systems employ Phase Locked Loop (PLL) mainly for synchronization, clock synthesis, skew and jitter reduction. Because of the increase in the speed of the circuit operation, there is a need of a PLL circuit with faster locking ability. Many present communication systems operate in the GHz frequency range. Hence there is a necessity of a PLL which must operate in the GHz range with less lock time. PLL is a mixed signal circuit as its architecture involves both digital and analog signal processing units. The present work is implemented in Cadence 90nm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759885
Zainab Zaheer, Atiya Usmani, E. Khan, M. Qadeer
In today's world, there is a growing need for surveillance in order to maintain the decorum at a place and ensure the safety and security of its people. An aerial surveillance system will be worthwhile in this regard. This paper describes how an aerial surveillance system can be built using an unmanned aerial vehicle or a drone. We start by delineating the features of our aerial surveillance system and then discuss some of the technologies that we have used in building it. After that we mention how we have incorporated those technologies into a drone and have made them work together harmoniously in order to achieve our desired aerial surveillance system. This system will be a convenient and efficient alternative to current surveillance systems. It can be used in peace keeping activities and also real time monitoring of a place at any time of the day. The aim is to provide fast and efficient surveillance at an affordable rate so that it can be used widely at private, institutional and governmental level.
{"title":"Aerial surveillance system using UAV","authors":"Zainab Zaheer, Atiya Usmani, E. Khan, M. Qadeer","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759885","url":null,"abstract":"In today's world, there is a growing need for surveillance in order to maintain the decorum at a place and ensure the safety and security of its people. An aerial surveillance system will be worthwhile in this regard. This paper describes how an aerial surveillance system can be built using an unmanned aerial vehicle or a drone. We start by delineating the features of our aerial surveillance system and then discuss some of the technologies that we have used in building it. After that we mention how we have incorporated those technologies into a drone and have made them work together harmoniously in order to achieve our desired aerial surveillance system. This system will be a convenient and efficient alternative to current surveillance systems. It can be used in peace keeping activities and also real time monitoring of a place at any time of the day. The aim is to provide fast and efficient surveillance at an affordable rate so that it can be used widely at private, institutional and governmental level.","PeriodicalId":234041,"journal":{"name":"2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116474152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：