Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.33137/wij.v19i1.41332
Daniel Reiser, Shalom M. Shalom
This paper presents an unusual Hasidic figure and sketches her compelling biography in broad outlines. Ḥannah Golda Hopstein (1886–1939), was a unique Hasidic woman, a Zionist pioneer and had a fascinating life story which ended in tragedy. She left Poland in 1924 for Mandatory Palestine, where she was one of the founders of the Hasidic-agricultural settlement Kefar Ḥasidim. She later returned to Europe to visit family and was killed by a German bomb during the invasion of Poland in September 1939. Hopstein’s fourteen-page, Hebrew handwritten diary lies lost in the archives of Kefar Hasidism, Israel. It is entirely translated and published here for the first time with a biographical introduction. This short memoir can be a base for future extensive research, since it teaches us much about several key issues, such as the role of women in Hasidism, Hasidic attitudes towards Zionism, and female leadership among Hasidim.
{"title":"The First Woman in Kefar Ḥasidim: Ḥannah Golda Hopstein’s Memoir","authors":"Daniel Reiser, Shalom M. Shalom","doi":"10.33137/wij.v19i1.41332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v19i1.41332","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an unusual Hasidic figure and sketches her compelling biography in broad outlines. Ḥannah Golda Hopstein (1886–1939), was a unique Hasidic woman, a Zionist pioneer and had a fascinating life story which ended in tragedy. She left Poland in 1924 for Mandatory Palestine, where she was one of the founders of the Hasidic-agricultural settlement Kefar Ḥasidim. She later returned to Europe to visit family and was killed by a German bomb during the invasion of Poland in September 1939. Hopstein’s fourteen-page, Hebrew handwritten diary lies lost in the archives of Kefar Hasidism, Israel. It is entirely translated and published here for the first time with a biographical introduction. This short memoir can be a base for future extensive research, since it teaches us much about several key issues, such as the role of women in Hasidism, Hasidic attitudes towards Zionism, and female leadership among Hasidim.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"44 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126125601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.33137/wij.v19i1.41336
D. Kedar
The Babylonian Talmud offers a very limited glimpse into women’s voices, words, and writings, and only seldom quotes them. In contrast, the woman Em is quoted by Abaye twenty-seven times, always in the context of medicine and always in an authoritative formula – “Em told me.” Abaye’s amra li Em אמרה לי אם)) opens a window into a unique healing tradition transmitted to the Talmud by a woman. This article will examine Em’s expertise through a gendered and cross-cultural prism. In addition, the article will explore Em’s substantial body of work in the medical field, and the similarities of some of her prescriptions to Greco-Roman healing techniques and to Mesopotamian magical practices.
巴比伦塔木德提供了非常有限的一瞥妇女的声音，文字，和写作，只有很少引用他们。相比之下，艾姆这个女人被阿拜引用了27次，总是在医学的背景下，总是以权威的方式——“艾姆告诉我的。”阿拜的《阿姆拉·利姆》(amra li Em)打开了一扇窗户，让我们了解到一个女人传给塔木德的独特的治疗传统。本文将从性别和跨文化的角度来审视Em的专业知识。此外，本文将探讨Em在医学领域的大量工作，以及她的一些处方与希腊罗马治疗技术和美索不达米亚魔法实践的相似之处。
{"title":"Can a Woman’s Medical Tradition Flourish in the Midst of the Babylonian Talmud?","authors":"D. Kedar","doi":"10.33137/wij.v19i1.41336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v19i1.41336","url":null,"abstract":"The Babylonian Talmud offers a very limited glimpse into women’s voices, words, and writings, and only seldom quotes them. In contrast, the woman Em is quoted by Abaye twenty-seven times, always in the context of medicine and always in an authoritative formula – “Em told me.” Abaye’s amra li Em אמרה לי אם)) opens a window into a unique healing tradition transmitted to the Talmud by a woman. This article will examine Em’s expertise through a gendered and cross-cultural prism. In addition, the article will explore Em’s substantial body of work in the medical field, and the similarities of some of her prescriptions to Greco-Roman healing techniques and to Mesopotamian magical practices.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129195030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.33137/wij.v19i1.41333
J. Maier
While the Reform and Conservative Jewish movements have made a concerted effort to welcome transgender Jews in the last twenty years, transgender congregants are often shunned by Orthodox rabbis and synagogues in the United States. Studies about Orthodox Judaism’s relationship with transgender identity often focus exclusively on Talmudic justifications for the acceptance or rejection of transgender Jews, ignoring the increasingly sizeable effect that secular politics has on the American Orthodox community. To address this gap in the academic understanding of transgender Jewish issues, this analysis takes a more holistic approach to the issue of transgender acceptance in Orthodox Judaism by (1) assessing the potential for the acceptance of transgender Jews in ultra-Orthodox and Modern Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States using halakhic rulings on intersex and transgender issues and (2) tracing the potential effects of the American political landscape on the Orthodox community’s acceptance of transgender identity.
{"title":"Queering Eve: Imagining Transgender Acceptance in Orthodox Judaism","authors":"J. Maier","doi":"10.33137/wij.v19i1.41333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v19i1.41333","url":null,"abstract":"While the Reform and Conservative Jewish movements have made a concerted effort to welcome transgender Jews in the last twenty years, transgender congregants are often shunned by Orthodox rabbis and synagogues in the United States. Studies about Orthodox Judaism’s relationship with transgender identity often focus exclusively on Talmudic justifications for the acceptance or rejection of transgender Jews, ignoring the increasingly sizeable effect that secular politics has on the American Orthodox community. To address this gap in the academic understanding of transgender Jewish issues, this analysis takes a more holistic approach to the issue of transgender acceptance in Orthodox Judaism by (1) assessing the potential for the acceptance of transgender Jews in ultra-Orthodox and Modern Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States using halakhic rulings on intersex and transgender issues and (2) tracing the potential effects of the American political landscape on the Orthodox community’s acceptance of transgender identity.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126042825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.33137/wij.v19i1.41329
Megan Chayyim Holtkamp
Review of Brutin, Batya. Etched in Flesh and Soul: The Auschwitz Number in Art. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2021.
Batya，回顾Brutin。刻蚀在肉体和灵魂:艺术中的奥斯威辛数字。柏林/波士顿:Walter de Gruyter, 2021。
{"title":"Brutin, Batya. Etched in Flesh and Soul: The Auschwitz Number in Art. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2021.","authors":"Megan Chayyim Holtkamp","doi":"10.33137/wij.v19i1.41329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v19i1.41329","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Brutin, Batya. Etched in Flesh and Soul: The Auschwitz Number in Art. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2021.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116960101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39683
Anna Anderson
Review of Schwartz, Mimi. Good Neighbors, Bad Times Revisited: New Echoes of My Father’s German Village. New edition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021.
{"title":"Schwartz, Mimi. Good Neighbors, Bad Times Revisited: New Echoes of My Father’s German Village. New edition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021.","authors":"Anna Anderson","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39683","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Schwartz, Mimi. Good Neighbors, Bad Times Revisited: New Echoes of My Father’s German Village. New edition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116427129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39680
Hana G. Green
This essay studies emergent themes in American Jewish women’s history and integrates them within the broader, often sustained, themes in the field of American Jewish women’s history. Beginning with a brief historiography of the field of American Jewish women’s history as it emerged in the late 1970s, this examination traces its transformation over the following decades and its evolution to today. In addition to presenting the field’s persistent themes, including work and domesticity (women’s roles in both the public and private spheres), politics and social activism, religiosity, and feminism, looking at key texts from both feminist scholars as well as recent works in the field of modern Jewish history, this essay highlights the emergence of new lines of scholarly inquiry spanning contemporary social, cultural, political, economic, and broad intersectional discourse. Moreover, this essay advances and emphasizes two clear patterns of emergent literature based on this assessment. First, that they reflect and have developed out of extant themes in Jewish American women’s history, and second, they are shaped by and entangled with nascent themes across diverse academic disciplines. Finally, this paper comments on the current positioning of the field and recommends future directions for research in the field of American Jewish women’s history.
{"title":"Transformations and Emergent Themes in American Jewish Women’s History","authors":"Hana G. Green","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39680","url":null,"abstract":"This essay studies emergent themes in American Jewish women’s history and integrates them within the broader, often sustained, themes in the field of American Jewish women’s history. Beginning with a brief historiography of the field of American Jewish women’s history as it emerged in the late 1970s, this examination traces its transformation over the following decades and its evolution to today. In addition to presenting the field’s persistent themes, including work and domesticity (women’s roles in both the public and private spheres), politics and social activism, religiosity, and feminism, looking at key texts from both feminist scholars as well as recent works in the field of modern Jewish history, this essay highlights the emergence of new lines of scholarly inquiry spanning contemporary social, cultural, political, economic, and broad intersectional discourse. Moreover, this essay advances and emphasizes two clear patterns of emergent literature based on this assessment. First, that they reflect and have developed out of extant themes in Jewish American women’s history, and second, they are shaped by and entangled with nascent themes across diverse academic disciplines. Finally, this paper comments on the current positioning of the field and recommends future directions for research in the field of American Jewish women’s history.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39677
Mara W. Cohen Ioannides
The renowned Yiddish writers, brothers Isaac Bashevis and Israel Joshua Singer, shaped the modern understanding of Hassidic life before the Second World War. Their stories and autobiographies describe the Old Country from a male perspective with an emphasis on the Hassidic law court their father presided over. However, they minimize or ignore the female participants in their stories. Their mother, sister, grandmother, and women of the community are flat presentations who love the feeding their families, have little education, and have a narrow world view. Their description is not wrong, rather it’s incomplete. This study considers the importance of their oft-forgotten sister equally talented Yiddish writer Esther Singer Kreitman, in creating our understanding of this Hassidic life. While the Singers were masters in the Yiddish literary world well published and received, their sister has been overlooked until recently partially because of her own insecurities and because of the misogyny of the publishing world then. Some scholars have let her mental-health issues and their own anti-women ideologies influence their critiques, but most critics praise her work as insightful. Yet, her perceptions of the pre-World War II Polish Hassidic community are as valid as her brothers’.
{"title":"The Singer Siblings: Different Views of Hassidic Life","authors":"Mara W. Cohen Ioannides","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39677","url":null,"abstract":"The renowned Yiddish writers, brothers Isaac Bashevis and Israel Joshua Singer, shaped the modern understanding of Hassidic life before the Second World War. Their stories and autobiographies describe the Old Country from a male perspective with an emphasis on the Hassidic law court their father presided over. However, they minimize or ignore the female participants in their stories. Their mother, sister, grandmother, and women of the community are flat presentations who love the feeding their families, have little education, and have a narrow world view. Their description is not wrong, rather it’s incomplete. This study considers the importance of their oft-forgotten sister equally talented Yiddish writer Esther Singer Kreitman, in creating our understanding of this Hassidic life. While the Singers were masters in the Yiddish literary world well published and received, their sister has been overlooked until recently partially because of her own insecurities and because of the misogyny of the publishing world then. Some scholars have let her mental-health issues and their own anti-women ideologies influence their critiques, but most critics praise her work as insightful. Yet, her perceptions of the pre-World War II Polish Hassidic community are as valid as her brothers’.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123720176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39682
R. R. Broter
Dr. Garson Romalis (1937-2014) was an obstetrician, gynaecologist and abortion provider in Vancouver, British Columbia. Like other abortion providers in North America, Romalis, his family and his clinic were subjected to years of harassment by pro-life activists. In 1994, Romalis was shot in his home by an anti-abortion terrorist and in 2000, he was stabbed by another terrorist outside of his clinic. Yet Romalis continued to provide this legal and essential medical procedure to British Columbian women, and advocated for the education of more abortion providers. This study will discuss the life and contributions of Gary Romalis and outline the motivations of the man to continue this dangerous work. It will compare his experiences with that of the more famous Canadian abortion provider, Dr. Henry Morgentaler, and speculate upon the significance of the Jewish ideal of tikkun olam (to heal the world) in these men’s lifework. Abortion terrorism will be situated within the constellation of pro-life activities, the goal of which is the curtailment of access to abortion in Canada.
{"title":"“An Oasis in the Desert:” Dr. Garson Romalis and the Struggle to Maintain Access to Abortion in Canada","authors":"R. R. Broter","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39682","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Garson Romalis (1937-2014) was an obstetrician, gynaecologist and abortion provider in Vancouver, British Columbia. Like other abortion providers in North America, Romalis, his family and his clinic were subjected to years of harassment by pro-life activists. In 1994, Romalis was shot in his home by an anti-abortion terrorist and in 2000, he was stabbed by another terrorist outside of his clinic. Yet Romalis continued to provide this legal and essential medical procedure to British Columbian women, and advocated for the education of more abortion providers. This study will discuss the life and contributions of Gary Romalis and outline the motivations of the man to continue this dangerous work. It will compare his experiences with that of the more famous Canadian abortion provider, Dr. Henry Morgentaler, and speculate upon the significance of the Jewish ideal of tikkun olam (to heal the world) in these men’s lifework. Abortion terrorism will be situated within the constellation of pro-life activities, the goal of which is the curtailment of access to abortion in Canada.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133761741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39679
Rachel A. Blumenthal
The Claims Conference is one of the richest non-governmental institutions in the Jewish world. It negotiates the payment of reparations by Germany to Holocaust survivors and distributes funds to individuals and associations. This article applies gender as a category of analysis to an entity that purportedly represents an entire community. What does its patriarchic nature tell us about Jewish leadership? Moreover, why did women's organizations refrain from protesting against their exclusion. The case-study indicates the traditional nature of Jewish leadership and the continuing weakness of excluded sectors reluctant to confront self-appointed and non-representative communal leaders.
{"title":"Does a Male-Dominated Entity Represent the Jewish People? The Claims Conference and Advocacy for a Community","authors":"Rachel A. Blumenthal","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39679","url":null,"abstract":"The Claims Conference is one of the richest non-governmental institutions in the Jewish world. It negotiates the payment of reparations by Germany to Holocaust survivors and distributes funds to individuals and associations. This article applies gender as a category of analysis to an entity that purportedly represents an entire community. What does its patriarchic nature tell us about Jewish leadership? Moreover, why did women's organizations refrain from protesting against their exclusion. The case-study indicates the traditional nature of Jewish leadership and the continuing weakness of excluded sectors reluctant to confront self-appointed and non-representative communal leaders.","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126907530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.33137/wij.v18i2.39688
Elaine Margolin
Review of Teller, Matthew. Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City. New York, NY: Other Press, 2022.
《泰勒》书评，马修。《耶路撒冷九区:旧城新传》纽约:其他出版社，2022。
{"title":"Teller, Matthew. Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City. New York, NY: Other Press, 2022.","authors":"Elaine Margolin","doi":"10.33137/wij.v18i2.39688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/wij.v18i2.39688","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Teller, Matthew. Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City. New York, NY: Other Press, 2022. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":234272,"journal":{"name":"Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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