The question about paying tribute to Caesar is one of the most incendiary queries ever posed to Jesus. It seems straightforward, but either a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response is politically perilous. Jesus’s answer seems equally straightforward, but scholars have debated its meaning, even the basic question of whether it is affirmative or negative. But many analyses have erred by considering the logion apart from Jesus’s use of the coin as a visual aid. After a brief survey of visual aids in biblical narratives and classical rhetoric, it becomes clear that the coin adds materially to Jesus’s response and clarifies his meaning.
{"title":"‘Show Me the Money’: Jesus, Visual Aids, and the Tribute Question","authors":"N. Croy","doi":"10.53751/001c.27746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27746","url":null,"abstract":"The question about paying tribute to Caesar is one of the most incendiary queries ever posed to Jesus. It seems straightforward, but either a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response is politically perilous. Jesus’s answer seems equally straightforward, but scholars have debated its meaning, even the basic question of whether it is affirmative or negative. But many analyses have erred by considering the logion apart from Jesus’s use of the coin as a visual aid. After a brief survey of visual aids in biblical narratives and classical rhetoric, it becomes clear that the coin adds materially to Jesus’s response and clarifies his meaning.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41805314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Mittelstaedt (2005) has provided new impetus to a long-standing opinion that Luke-Acts was written in the early 60s of the first century AD. Karl L. Armstrong (2017) provides a recent overview of the dating debate and argues that an early date makes best sense of the extensive evidence. This paper suggests three considerations arising from the historical character of the rest of the century which support Mittelstaedt’s and Armstrong’s view. The first: AD 66–98 was a time of intense anti-Jewish sentiment, in which articulation of the nationalistic Jewish hopes expressed in the third Gospel and Acts would have been dangerous, and unlikely for a careful author. Second, it was also a time that ill accords with Acts’ assumption of Jewish legitimacy and its plea for the acceptance of Gentile Christianity. Third, the attention given to the voyage as Acts draws to its conclusion bespeaks an author who knew nothing of the cataclysmic avalanche of events that took place from AD 62–70.
Alexander Mittelstaedt（2005）为长期以来的观点提供了新的动力，即Luke Acts写于公元一世纪60年代初。Karl L.Armstrong（2017）对约会辩论进行了最新的概述，并认为早期约会最有利于广泛的证据。本文从本世纪剩余时间的历史特点出发，提出了支持米特尔斯泰特和阿姆斯特朗观点的三点考虑。第一：公元66–98年是一个强烈的反犹太情绪的时期，在这个时期，第三部福音和使徒行传中表达的犹太民族主义希望是危险的，对于一个谨慎的作者来说是不可能的。其次，这也是一个不符合《使徒行传》对犹太人合法性的假设及其接受非犹太人基督教的请求的时期。第三，《使徒行传》结束时对这次航行的关注，让一位对公元62-70年发生的灾难性雪崩事件一无所知的作家感到惊讶。
{"title":"Dating Luke-Acts Further Arguments for an Early Date","authors":"David Seccombe","doi":"10.53751/001c.27747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27747","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander Mittelstaedt (2005) has provided new impetus to a long-standing opinion that Luke-Acts was written in the early 60s of the first century AD. Karl L. Armstrong (2017) provides a recent overview of the dating debate and argues that an early date makes best sense of the extensive evidence. This paper suggests three considerations arising from the historical character of the rest of the century which support Mittelstaedt’s and Armstrong’s view. The first: AD 66–98 was a time of intense anti-Jewish sentiment, in which articulation of the nationalistic Jewish hopes expressed in the third Gospel and Acts would have been dangerous, and unlikely for a careful author. Second, it was also a time that ill accords with Acts’ assumption of Jewish legitimacy and its plea for the acceptance of Gentile Christianity. Third, the attention given to the voyage as Acts draws to its conclusion bespeaks an author who knew nothing of the cataclysmic avalanche of events that took place from AD 62–70.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Codex Sinopensis (Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France, supplement grec 1286; Gregory-Aland O/023) is one of the earliest examples of an illuminated gospel book. This article examines instances of transferred paint in the codex along with textual and paratextual features to identify three lost miniatures that once adorned the pages of Codex Sinopensis. Thus, our knowledge of one of the earliest cycles of miniatures in a gospel book can be extended with the addition of the three identifiable but now-lost miniatures: The Miracle of the Coin from the Mouth of the Fish (Matthew 17:24–18:4), the Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard (Matthew 19:25–20:9), and Christ’s Entrance into Jerusalem (Matthew 21:5-12).
{"title":"Three Lost Miniatures in Codex Sinopensis (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, supplément grec 1286; Gregory-Aland O/023)","authors":"E. Hixson","doi":"10.53751/001c.27732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27732","url":null,"abstract":"Codex Sinopensis (Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France, supplement grec 1286; Gregory-Aland O/023) is one of the earliest examples of an illuminated gospel book. This article examines instances of transferred paint in the codex along with textual and paratextual features to identify three lost miniatures that once adorned the pages of Codex Sinopensis. Thus, our knowledge of one of the earliest cycles of miniatures in a gospel book can be extended with the addition of the three identifiable but now-lost miniatures: The Miracle of the Coin from the Mouth of the Fish (Matthew 17:24–18:4), the Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard (Matthew 19:25–20:9), and Christ’s Entrance into Jerusalem (Matthew 21:5-12).","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research into masoretic biblical manuscripts (MSS) is heavily reliant on our ability to reunite fragments once belonging to the same codex, now separated one from the other in the Genizah morass, and to identify the scribes behind codices whose colophons have been lost. This task is made especially difficult by the fact that the oriental square hand in which these codices were written is highly stereotypical. Consequently, the paleographer must rely on paratextual features: non-textual features that accompany the biblical text itself, which form a kind of fingerprint for each MS or scribe. This article argues that the masora circule (the small circule used in these MSS to link the masoretic notes to the biblical text itself) functions as part of this unique fingerprint.
{"title":"Is the Masora Circule, too, among the Scribal Habits?","authors":"K. Phillips","doi":"10.53751/001c.27733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27733","url":null,"abstract":"Research into masoretic biblical manuscripts (MSS) is heavily reliant on our ability to reunite fragments once belonging to the same codex, now separated one from the other in the Genizah morass, and to identify the scribes behind codices whose colophons have been lost. This task is made especially difficult by the fact that the oriental square hand in which these codices were written is highly stereotypical. Consequently, the paleographer must rely on paratextual features: non-textual features that accompany the biblical text itself, which form a kind of fingerprint for each MS or scribe. This article argues that the masora circule (the small circule used in these MSS to link the masoretic notes to the biblical text itself) functions as part of this unique fingerprint.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42847271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper looks at Qoheleth’s ambivalent attitude towards wisdom and being wise. At times wisdom is his presupposition, his strength, and his benchmark for judging everything; at other times he sees its limitations and relativity in the light of divine unpredictability and human death. This is not contradictory; rather, Qoheleth weighs up proverbs and provides an interpretation of them, fulfilling the description of him in 12:9. Whilst some see the Epilogist as critical of the wise, using Qoheleth’s own words to discredit the wisdom movement, I maintain that this is not the case; rather, the Epilogue reinforces Qoheleth’s approach to the wisdom task.
{"title":"A Wise Man Reflecting on Wisdom: Qoheleth/Ecclesiastes","authors":"K. Dell","doi":"10.53751/001c.27739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27739","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at Qoheleth’s ambivalent attitude towards wisdom and being wise. At times wisdom is his presupposition, his strength, and his benchmark for judging everything; at other times he sees its limitations and relativity in the light of divine unpredictability and human death. This is not contradictory; rather, Qoheleth weighs up proverbs and provides an interpretation of them, fulfilling the description of him in 12:9. Whilst some see the Epilogist as critical of the wise, using Qoheleth’s own words to discredit the wisdom movement, I maintain that this is not the case; rather, the Epilogue reinforces Qoheleth’s approach to the wisdom task.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43398555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dissertation arguing that Hebrews has a significant, developed, and unique pneumatology, portraying the Spirit as personal, eternal and divine.
这篇论文认为希伯来书有一个重要的，发展的，独特的气论，把圣灵描绘成个人的，永恒的和神圣的。
{"title":"The Pneumatology of the Letter to the Hebrews: Confused, Careless, Cavalier or Carefully Crafted?","authors":"Alan Hodson","doi":"10.53751/001c.27740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27740","url":null,"abstract":"A dissertation arguing that Hebrews has a significant, developed, and unique pneumatology, portraying the Spirit as personal, eternal and divine.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though their respective practitioners compare notes infrequently, the fields of NT and Septuagint textual criticism share resemblances in their overall trajectory. Namely, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century critical editions have given way to decades-long international efforts to produce major critical editions that incorporate a staggeringly larger amount of manuscript data. But how much has the critical text itself changed? This article explores the magnitude of change over the past decades of work on the Greek NT and OT, offering observations about what the tremendous stability in the reconstructed text might tell us about the field(s) in general and the quality of ancient manuscripts.
{"title":"The Critical Edition of the Greek OT and NT: Stability, Change, and Implications","authors":"Gregory R. Lanier","doi":"10.53751/001c.27734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27734","url":null,"abstract":"Though their respective practitioners compare notes infrequently, the fields of NT and Septuagint textual criticism share resemblances in their overall trajectory. Namely, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century critical editions have given way to decades-long international efforts to produce major critical editions that incorporate a staggeringly larger amount of manuscript data. But how much has the critical text itself changed? This article explores the magnitude of change over the past decades of work on the Greek NT and OT, offering observations about what the tremendous stability in the reconstructed text might tell us about the field(s) in general and the quality of ancient manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psalm 109 contains an infamous imprecation, which roughly half of modern commentators identify as a quotation of an enemy curse. On the other hand, most who detect a quotation believe it to be aimed against the enemy anyway, in an act of poetic justice. This article assesses the debate and offers fresh grounds for a more recent proposal. The quotation includes not only curse, but an accusation, justifying the curse against David. David quotes his accuser’s case, to protest that it is the fabrication of enemies who have suborned perjury. Finally, he prays that this plot against him would fail.
{"title":"A Quotation in Psalm 109 as Defence Exhibit A","authors":"Steffen G. Jenkins","doi":"10.53751/001c.27738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27738","url":null,"abstract":"Psalm 109 contains an infamous imprecation, which roughly half of modern commentators identify as a quotation of an enemy curse. On the other hand, most who detect a quotation believe it to be aimed against the enemy anyway, in an act of poetic justice. This article assesses the debate and offers fresh grounds for a more recent proposal. The quotation includes not only curse, but an accusation, justifying the curse against David. David quotes his accuser’s case, to protest that it is the fabrication of enemies who have suborned perjury. Finally, he prays that this plot against him would fail.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49404992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David is perhaps the most complex character in all of Scripture. He has been understood in many and various ways, from a backstabbing, ruthless warlord to a pious and poetic shepherd-king. One place we ought to probe when asking the question of David’s character is his first speech. It has been noted that in the Hebrew Bible first words are particularly important moments of characterisation. In the case of David, his first words look initially to emphasise his scheming and ambition. However, the present essay will take a closer look at David’s first words and argue that they present a more complex character than may first appear.
{"title":"Making a First Impression: The Characterisation of David and His Opening Words in 1 Samuel 17:25-31","authors":"Benjamin J. M. Johnson","doi":"10.53751/001c.27736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27736","url":null,"abstract":"David is perhaps the most complex character in all of Scripture. He has been understood in many and various ways, from a backstabbing, ruthless warlord to a pious and poetic shepherd-king. One place we ought to probe when asking the question of David’s character is his first speech. It has been noted that in the Hebrew Bible first words are particularly important moments of characterisation. In the case of David, his first words look initially to emphasise his scheming and ambition. However, the present essay will take a closer look at David’s first words and argue that they present a more complex character than may first appear.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though the parallels between Joseph and David have been well noted, the numerous literary links between Joseph’s exemplary behaviour with Potiphar’s wife on the one hand and David’s disgraceful behaviour with Bathsheba on the other has gone by largely unnoticed. In this article, we analyse 2 Samuel 11–12 as a reflection story of Genesis 39, noting the numerous parallels and striking contrasts. Given the many allusions to Joseph in 1 Samuel, the reader expects to see only Joseph’s reflection in David’s mirror in 2 Samuel 11–12, but finds Potiphar’s wife looking back at David as well.
{"title":"Potiphar’s Wife in David’s Looking Glass: Reading 2 Samuel 11–12 as a Reflection Story of Genesis 39","authors":"Seth D. Postell","doi":"10.53751/001c.27737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.27737","url":null,"abstract":"Though the parallels between Joseph and David have been well noted, the numerous literary links between Joseph’s exemplary behaviour with Potiphar’s wife on the one hand and David’s disgraceful behaviour with Bathsheba on the other has gone by largely unnoticed. In this article, we analyse 2 Samuel 11–12 as a reflection story of Genesis 39, noting the numerous parallels and striking contrasts. Given the many allusions to Joseph in 1 Samuel, the reader expects to see only Joseph’s reflection in David’s mirror in 2 Samuel 11–12, but finds Potiphar’s wife looking back at David as well.","PeriodicalId":23462,"journal":{"name":"Tyndale Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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