{"title":"Front Matter: Volume 11801","authors":"","doi":"10.1117/12.2606438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2606438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75523860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is uniquely suitable for standoff measurements due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. When excitation wavelength falls within an electronic transition of a molecule, Raman band intensities associated with the chromophore vibrations are significantly enhanced. This resonance Raman Effect, as well as negligible fluorescence interference in the deep UV, enable the detection and investigation of enhanced species at trace concentrations at a distance. We developed a state-of-the-art, high-efficiency standoff deep UV Raman spectrometer. This spectrometer is based on a custom deep UV F/8 Cassegrain telescope with a 200 mm primary mirror. This telescope is equipped with an electric secondary focus operating from infinity to 3 m distance. The UV Raman spectrograph utilizes high-efficiency deep UV transmission grating and custom Rayleigh rejection filter. As an excitation source for Raman measurements, we utilized a recently developed 228 nm compact solid state deep UV laser. The 228 nm resonance excitation enhances the Raman intensities of vibrations of NOx groups, peptide bonds, aromatic amino acid side chains, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. We used this novel spectrometer for detection of NOx-based explosive materials at trace concentrations at a stand-off distance.
{"title":"New High Efficiency Deep UV Raman Spectrometer for Standoff Detection","authors":"S. Bykov, S. Asher","doi":"10.1117/12.2594042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594042","url":null,"abstract":"UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is uniquely suitable for standoff measurements due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. When excitation wavelength falls within an electronic transition of a molecule, Raman band intensities associated with the chromophore vibrations are significantly enhanced. This resonance Raman Effect, as well as negligible fluorescence interference in the deep UV, enable the detection and investigation of enhanced species at trace concentrations at a distance. We developed a state-of-the-art, high-efficiency standoff deep UV Raman spectrometer. This spectrometer is based on a custom deep UV F/8 Cassegrain telescope with a 200 mm primary mirror. This telescope is equipped with an electric secondary focus operating from infinity to 3 m distance. The UV Raman spectrograph utilizes high-efficiency deep UV transmission grating and custom Rayleigh rejection filter. As an excitation source for Raman measurements, we utilized a recently developed 228 nm compact solid state deep UV laser. The 228 nm resonance excitation enhances the Raman intensities of vibrations of NOx groups, peptide bonds, aromatic amino acid side chains, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. We used this novel spectrometer for detection of NOx-based explosive materials at trace concentrations at a stand-off distance.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82176243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been a surge in interest for the ultra wide bandgap (Eg ~ 4.9 eV) semiconductor gallium oxide (Ga2O3). A key driver for this boom is that single crystal wide area bulk β-Ga2O3 substrates have become commercially available and a variety of methods have been shown to give high quality epitaxial growth. Although Ga2O3 has a number of polymorph forms (α-, β-, γ-, δ- and e) the more stable monoclinic phase (β-Ga2O3) has attracted the most attention. Amongst a whole range of potential applications power/switching electronics, solar-blind photodetectors and solar transparent electrodes offer exciting perspectives. In this talk we give an overview of these applications illustrated with examples from the β-Ga2O3 development work carried out at the French oxide semiconductor epiwafer company, Nanovation, www.nanovation.com.
{"title":"Materials and applications perspectives for Ga2O3","authors":"D. Rogers, F. Teherani, P. Bove, É. Sandana","doi":"10.1117/12.2601744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601744","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a surge in interest for the ultra wide bandgap (Eg ~ 4.9 eV) semiconductor gallium oxide (Ga2O3). A key driver for this boom is that single crystal wide area bulk β-Ga2O3 substrates have become commercially available and a variety of methods have been shown to give high quality epitaxial growth. \u0000Although Ga2O3 has a number of polymorph forms (α-, β-, γ-, δ- and e) the more stable monoclinic phase (β-Ga2O3) has attracted the most attention. Amongst a whole range of potential applications power/switching electronics, solar-blind photodetectors and solar transparent electrodes offer exciting perspectives. \u0000In this talk we give an overview of these applications illustrated with examples from the β-Ga2O3 development work carried out at the French oxide semiconductor epiwafer company, Nanovation, www.nanovation.com.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82879785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UVC LEDs have progressed at a moderate pace since the early 2000’s and show development trends akin to those of visible wavelength LEDs. Researchers continue to improve UVC LED efficiencies, however manufacturer increases in wall plug efficiency have been outpaced by single chip radiometric powers increases, driven by commercial demand. This commercial demand can be segmented into regulated versus non-regulated applications and, increasingly since early 2020, applications where the germicidal efficacy may be questionable. This paper will discuss the landscape of UVC LED applications and the impact of regulations and perception. These applications touch a surprising breadth of industries with both critical and non-critical function.
{"title":"UVC LEDs and Their Varied, Sometimes Surprising, Applications","authors":"J. Pagan","doi":"10.1117/12.2594135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594135","url":null,"abstract":"UVC LEDs have progressed at a moderate pace since the early 2000’s and show development trends akin to those of visible wavelength LEDs. Researchers continue to improve UVC LED efficiencies, however manufacturer increases in wall plug efficiency have been outpaced by single chip radiometric powers increases, driven by commercial demand. This commercial demand can be segmented into regulated versus non-regulated applications and, increasingly since early 2020, applications where the germicidal efficacy may be questionable. This paper will discuss the landscape of UVC LED applications and the impact of regulations and perception. These applications touch a surprising breadth of industries with both critical and non-critical function.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"144 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83070758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep-UV reflectivity in hexagonal boron nitride: from monolayer to bulk samples","authors":"G. Cassabois","doi":"10.1117/12.2593931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75190217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FUV spectroscopy in the 145-200 nm region has recently been a matter of intense interest because many kinds of materials in the condensed phase. Rapid progress of the studies has been introduced by the development of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the FUV region (ATR-FUV), which has enabled us to measure the spectra in the complete FUV region for liquid and solid samples without facing problems such as peak saturation. Moreover, significant progresses of quantum chemical calculations for electronic excitation states of molecules improve our interpretations of the FUV spectra. We will present an investigation about the FUV spectroscopy for aqueous solutions of highly concentrated alkali-metal salts, named hydrate-melt which can be used as high-performance electrolytes.
{"title":"Investigation of the electronic states of water in hydrate-melt using attenuated total reflectance far-ultraviolet spectroscopy","authors":"Y. Morisawa, Nami Ueno","doi":"10.1117/12.2594456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594456","url":null,"abstract":"FUV spectroscopy in the 145-200 nm region has recently been a matter of intense interest because many kinds of materials in the condensed phase. Rapid progress of the studies has been introduced by the development of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the FUV region (ATR-FUV), which has enabled us to measure the spectra in the complete FUV region for liquid and solid samples without facing problems such as peak saturation. Moreover, significant progresses of quantum chemical calculations for electronic excitation states of molecules improve our interpretations of the FUV spectra. We will present an investigation about the FUV spectroscopy for aqueous solutions of highly concentrated alkali-metal salts, named hydrate-melt which can be used as high-performance electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84125538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The GaN photonic platform is of large interest for broadband integrated photonics applications, from near-UV to visible and near-IR. Here we present the latest developments in near-UV microlasers and their coupling to gratings and waveguides, based on GaN active layers. We demonstrate two iconic NUV microlasers: (i) a microdisk laser based on GaN/AlGaN quantum wells, coupled to a waveguide and an outcoupling grating; (ii) a ridge waveguide polariton laser operating with ultra-short Fabry-Perot ridge cavities (5-60µm), that is not governed by Bernard-Durrafourg condition (population inversion) as in standard ridge interband lasers. Both lasers operate around 380nm.
{"title":"GaN microlasers for integrated photonics: waveguide polariton lasers and microdisk lasers","authors":"T. Guillet","doi":"10.1117/12.2594565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594565","url":null,"abstract":"The GaN photonic platform is of large interest for broadband integrated photonics applications, from near-UV to visible and near-IR. Here we present the latest developments in near-UV microlasers and their coupling to gratings and waveguides, based on GaN active layers. We demonstrate two iconic NUV microlasers: (i) a microdisk laser based on GaN/AlGaN quantum wells, coupled to a waveguide and an outcoupling grating; (ii) a ridge waveguide polariton laser operating with ultra-short Fabry-Perot ridge cavities (5-60µm), that is not governed by Bernard-Durrafourg condition (population inversion) as in standard ridge interband lasers. Both lasers operate around 380nm.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82109895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mironov, Sehyun Park, T. Reboli, Jinhong Kim, D. Sievers, Sung-Jin Park, J. Eden
We report a novel, environmentally-friendly, scalable subtractive process which allows for complex 3D optical, microfluidic and biomedical components and microstructures to be fabricated precisely in a wide variety of polymers. The reported technique is capable of producing submicron structures with 20 µm depth in biodegradable polymers. The process is based on a VUV (λ=172 nm) photoablative lithographic technique utilizing flat microplasma lamps and does not require a clean room environment or any chemical processing. The fabricated 3D surface may also be used as a mold for PDMS curing.
{"title":"Eco-friendly 3D micromachining of polymers by 172 nm photoablation for optical and microfluidics applications","authors":"A. Mironov, Sehyun Park, T. Reboli, Jinhong Kim, D. Sievers, Sung-Jin Park, J. Eden","doi":"10.1117/12.2594868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594868","url":null,"abstract":"We report a novel, environmentally-friendly, scalable subtractive process which allows for complex 3D optical, microfluidic and biomedical components and microstructures to be fabricated precisely in a wide variety of polymers. \u0000The reported technique is capable of producing submicron structures with 20 µm depth in biodegradable polymers. The process is based on a VUV (λ=172 nm) photoablative lithographic technique utilizing flat microplasma lamps and does not require a clean room environment or any chemical processing. The fabricated 3D surface may also be used as a mold for PDMS curing.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76516894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kosuke Hashimoto, Y. Morisawa, H. Sato, M. Tortora, B. Rossi, Y. Ozaki
This study aims at exploring the potential of ATR-far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy in investigating electronic structure and transitions of various kinds of biological molecules. For this purpose, ATR-FUV spectra were measured for several kinds of proteins with the different secondary structures, several kinds of carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. Band assignments have been made for all kinds of biological molecules investigated based on our previous ATR-FUV studies on n-alkanes, alcohols, esters, and amides. For example, the proteins show a characteristic band near 200 nm due to π-π* transition of amide groups. The position of this band varies a little with the secondary structure of proteins but its intensity changes significantly depending on the secondary structure and solutions. All the carbohydrates studied yielded a band near 170 nm due to n-Rydberg transition of ether. In addition, acetylcarbohydrates give an additional band near 190 nm originating from π-π* transition of amide at 2’ carbon. The present study has demonstrated that ATR-FUV spectroscopy is a new powerful technique in exploring electronic structure and transitions of biological molecules, in general. It is also possible to use ATR-FUV spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis of biological molecules. Moreover, it is of note that information regarding electronic transitions collected by ATR-FUV spectroscopy is useful for UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy studies of biological molecules. A combined ATR-FUV spectroscopy and UVRR spectroscopy method may provide a novel analytical tool for molecular and electronic structure of biological molecules.
{"title":"A study on ATR-FUV spectroscopy for investigation of electronic structure and transitions of various biological molecules","authors":"Kosuke Hashimoto, Y. Morisawa, H. Sato, M. Tortora, B. Rossi, Y. Ozaki","doi":"10.1117/12.2595123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595123","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at exploring the potential of ATR-far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy in investigating electronic structure and transitions of various kinds of biological molecules. For this purpose, ATR-FUV spectra were measured for several kinds of proteins with the different secondary structures, several kinds of carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. Band assignments have been made for all kinds of biological molecules investigated based on our previous ATR-FUV studies on n-alkanes, alcohols, esters, and amides. For example, the proteins show a characteristic band near 200 nm due to π-π* transition of amide groups. The position of this band varies a little with the secondary structure of proteins but its intensity changes significantly depending on the secondary structure and solutions. All the carbohydrates studied yielded a band near 170 nm due to n-Rydberg transition of ether. In addition, acetylcarbohydrates give an additional band near 190 nm originating from π-π* transition of amide at 2’ carbon. The present study has demonstrated that ATR-FUV spectroscopy is a new powerful technique in exploring electronic structure and transitions of biological molecules, in general. It is also possible to use ATR-FUV spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis of biological molecules. Moreover, it is of note that information regarding electronic transitions collected by ATR-FUV spectroscopy is useful for UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy studies of biological molecules. A combined ATR-FUV spectroscopy and UVRR spectroscopy method may provide a novel analytical tool for molecular and electronic structure of biological molecules.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, we developed a novel attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopic system in far- and deep-ultraviolet (FUV and DUV) regions that operates under electrochemical conditions in order to investigate the electronic states of materials near the electrode surface. We succeeded to record the FUV-DUV spectra of various ionic liquids systematically using the ATR-FUV-DUV spectroscopy and theoretically assign the obtained spectra based on quantum chemical calculations. Subsequently, upon application of voltage to an ionic liquid consisting of imidazolium cations and iodide anions, electronic transition spectra in the 150−450 nm range varied. In particular, absorbance due to charge transfer from the anion to the cation drastically increased at positive potentials. According to the molecular dynamics simulations, the density of iodide anion near the electrode surface drastically changed depending on the electrode potential, which contributed to the spectral changes. Now, this technique is applied for organic semiconductor materials.
{"title":"Electrochemical attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy in far- and deep-ultraviolet regions","authors":"I. Tanabe, Ken-ichi Fukui","doi":"10.1117/12.2594319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594319","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, we developed a novel attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopic system in far- and deep-ultraviolet (FUV and DUV) regions that operates under electrochemical conditions in order to investigate the electronic states of materials near the electrode surface. We succeeded to record the FUV-DUV spectra of various ionic liquids systematically using the ATR-FUV-DUV spectroscopy and theoretically assign the obtained spectra based on quantum chemical calculations. Subsequently, upon application of voltage to an ionic liquid consisting of imidazolium cations and iodide anions, electronic transition spectra in the 150−450 nm range varied. In particular, absorbance due to charge transfer from the anion to the cation drastically increased at positive potentials. According to the molecular dynamics simulations, the density of iodide anion near the electrode surface drastically changed depending on the electrode potential, which contributed to the spectral changes. Now, this technique is applied for organic semiconductor materials.","PeriodicalId":23471,"journal":{"name":"UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2021","volume":"1994 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89077152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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