Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.2
Ananingtyas S Darmarini, Yusli Wardiatno, Tri Prartono, Kadarwan Soewardi, Irwan Iskandar, Musti'atin, Sonja Kleinertz
Changes in the existence of mangroves will have an impact on changes in food webs in their respective areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the food source of the macrozoobenthos community within the Lubuk Damar mangrove ecosystem. Stable isotopes, carbon and nitrogen were used to describe the food sources for macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of the Lubuk Damar Ecosystem, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. The stable isotope analysis of 13C and 15N was carried out using Isotopic-Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Potential food sources at the study site based on stable isotope ratios ranged between -29.08‰ to -20.66‰ (δ13C) and 4.07‰ to 5.63‰ (δ15N); macrozoobenthos -25.00‰ to -14.76‰ (δ13C) and 5.59‰ to 7.73‰ (δ15N). The potential food sources tested at the study site consisted of seven sources, but not all food sources in the ecosystem were consumed by the invertebrate community. This study shows that mangrove leaf litter serves as a food source for some invertebrates, such as the bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, sipunculans, brachiopods and crustaceans. The results of this study evidence that the examined mangrove ecosystem has a function as a provider of food sources in the surrounding waters, therefore its existence is very important supporting diversity of coastal waters.
{"title":"Food Source Identification of Macrozoobenthos in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Lubuk Damar, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia: A Stable Isotope Approach.","authors":"Ananingtyas S Darmarini, Yusli Wardiatno, Tri Prartono, Kadarwan Soewardi, Irwan Iskandar, Musti'atin, Sonja Kleinertz","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.2","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the existence of mangroves will have an impact on changes in food webs in their respective areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the food source of the macrozoobenthos community within the Lubuk Damar mangrove ecosystem. Stable isotopes, carbon and nitrogen were used to describe the food sources for macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of the Lubuk Damar Ecosystem, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. The stable isotope analysis of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N was carried out using Isotopic-Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Potential food sources at the study site based on stable isotope ratios ranged between -29.08‰ to -20.66‰ (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and 4.07‰ to 5.63‰ (δ<sup>15</sup>N); macrozoobenthos -25.00‰ to -14.76‰ (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and 5.59‰ to 7.73‰ (δ<sup>15</sup>N). The potential food sources tested at the study site consisted of seven sources, but not all food sources in the ecosystem were consumed by the invertebrate community. This study shows that mangrove leaf litter serves as a food source for some invertebrates, such as the bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, sipunculans, brachiopods and crustaceans. The results of this study evidence that the examined mangrove ecosystem has a function as a provider of food sources in the surrounding waters, therefore its existence is very important supporting diversity of coastal waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). blaTEM was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by tetA (27/60; 45.0%), sul2 (25/60; 41.7%), sul1 (13/60; 21.7%) and tetB (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, blaSHV was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of tetA, sul1, sul2 and blaTEM. In contrast, tetB displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient's age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.
耐多药(MDR)尿路致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC)菌株的迅速出现,给尿路感染(UTI)治疗带来了严峻挑战。然而,很少有研究阐明马来西亚 MDR UPEC 临床菌株的耐药机制。因此,本研究旨在确定UPEC菌株的抗菌药敏感性概况和抗菌药耐药基因的流行率。研究人员通过聚合酶链反应检测了60株UPEC菌株中存在的6种抗菌药耐药性基因。同时,通过柯比鲍尔磁盘扩散法检测了对 9 种抗菌药物的耐药性。在这项研究中,耐药菌株占 40.0%(24/60),对氨苄西林的耐药率最高(43/60;71.7%),其次是四环素(31/60;51.其次是四环素(31/60;51.7%)、萘啶酸(30/60;50.0%)、共三唑(20/60,33.3%)、环丙沙星(19/60,31.7%)、左氧氟沙星(16/60,21.6%)和氯霉素(10/60,16.7%)。bla TEM 是最常见的基因(36/60;60.0%),其次是 tetA(27/60;45.0%)、sul2(25/60;41.7%)、sul1(13/60;21.7%)和 tetB(8/60;13.3%)。令人惊讶的是,在 UPEC 分离物中没有检测到 bla SHV。耐 MDR、氨苄西林和四环素的分离株与较高的 tetA、sul1、sul2 和 bla TEM 感染率有明显关联。相比之下,tetB 与所测试的任何抗菌药物均无明显关系。患者的年龄和性别并不是耐药基因携带的风险因素。我们的研究结果确定了耐抗菌素的 UPEC 分离物所携带的常见耐药基因,为制定治疗本地尿毒症的最佳抗生素处方制度提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"High Carriage of <i>tetA</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i> and <i>bla</i> <sub>TEM</sub> Resistance Genes among the Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) Strains from Malaysian Patients.","authors":"Jia-Jin Chin, Hui-Mei Lee, Shuet-Yi Lee, Yin-Ying Lee, Choy-Hoong Chew","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). <i>bla</i> <sub>TEM</sub> was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by <i>tetA</i> (27/60; 45.0%), <i>sul2</i> (25/60; 41.7%), <i>sul1</i> (13/60; 21.7%) and <i>tetB</i> (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, <i>bla</i> <sub>SHV</sub> was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of <i>tetA</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i> and <i>bla</i> <sub>TEM</sub>. In contrast, <i>tetB</i> displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient's age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.5
Titi Juhaeti, Nuril Hidayati, Ninik Setyowati, Albert Husen Wawo, Wahyu Widiyono
Adlay is an edible high nutritious minor cereal. The research aimed to study the adlay performance when cultivated intercropped on young teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantation. The treatments were consisted of two factors that were arranged by factorial (3 × 3) in randomised completed block design with four replicates. The first factor was three fertilisation dosages of NPK (16-16-16), as 0 g/hole (F0), 2 g/hole (F2) and 4 g/hole (F4). The second factors were three planting space as 2 m × 2 m (PS2), 3 m × 3 m (PS3) and 4 m × 4 m (PS4). The parameter observed were vegetative growth which was consisted of plant height, the number of leaves, tillers and sub tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, grain production and biomass weight. The results revealed that fertilisation treatment were significantly affected the growth and production of adlay. On 12 weeks after planting, the F4 treatment produced the tallest plant, and the highest leaf number. The highest grain number/plant was achieved on the F2 treatment that was significantly different compared with the control (F0). The shading intensity due to the teak coverage significantly affected adlay growth and production. The PS4 treatment produced the highest number of leaves, tillers and grains. The combination of F2 and PS4 treatments resulted in the best growth and production. The PS2 treatment which has lower light intercepted by plants due to lower incident light intensity, resulting in a significant reduction in plant growth and production. It is suggested that adlay offers potency as a component of agro-forestry on the teak plantations.
{"title":"The Performances of Adlay (<i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i> L.) As Component of Agroforestry on Teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i> L.f.) Plantation.","authors":"Titi Juhaeti, Nuril Hidayati, Ninik Setyowati, Albert Husen Wawo, Wahyu Widiyono","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.5","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adlay is an edible high nutritious minor cereal. The research aimed to study the adlay performance when cultivated intercropped on young teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i> L.f.) plantation. The treatments were consisted of two factors that were arranged by factorial (3 × 3) in randomised completed block design with four replicates. The first factor was three fertilisation dosages of NPK (16-16-16), as 0 g/hole (F0), 2 g/hole (F2) and 4 g/hole (F4). The second factors were three planting space as 2 m × 2 m (PS2), 3 m × 3 m (PS3) and 4 m × 4 m (PS4). The parameter observed were vegetative growth which was consisted of plant height, the number of leaves, tillers and sub tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, grain production and biomass weight. The results revealed that fertilisation treatment were significantly affected the growth and production of adlay. On 12 weeks after planting, the F4 treatment produced the tallest plant, and the highest leaf number. The highest grain number/plant was achieved on the F2 treatment that was significantly different compared with the control (F0). The shading intensity due to the teak coverage significantly affected adlay growth and production. The PS4 treatment produced the highest number of leaves, tillers and grains. The combination of F2 and PS4 treatments resulted in the best growth and production. The PS2 treatment which has lower light intercepted by plants due to lower incident light intensity, resulting in a significant reduction in plant growth and production. It is suggested that adlay offers potency as a component of agro-forestry on the teak plantations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antimalarial properties of crude extracts from Quercus infectoria galls were investigated through bioassay-guided fractionation. Acetone (QIA) and methanol (QIM) crude extracts have been reported to have promising antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain). These extracts were subjected to fractionation using automated preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) to identify the most active fractions. Nine fractions were isolated from each extract, of which the fractions QIA11 and QIM16 showed antimalarial activity, with IC50 values of 17.65 ± 1.82 μg/mL and 24.21 ± 1.88 μg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the standard antimalarial drug artemisinin has an IC50 value of 0.004 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Through high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis of the fractions, four known compounds were successfully identified: gallic acid, ellagic acid, 1,3,6-tris-o-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-d-glucose and 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose.
{"title":"Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Acetone and Methanol Extracts of <i>Quercus infectoria</i> Galls with Antimalarial Properties.","authors":"Nurul Hammizah Hamidon, Anjana Chamilka Thuduhenage Dona, Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin, Nurul Izza Nordin, Shaida Fariza Sulaiman, Nurhidanatasha Abu-Bakar","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.8","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimalarial properties of crude extracts from <i>Quercus infectoria</i> galls were investigated through bioassay-guided fractionation. Acetone (QIA) and methanol (QIM) crude extracts have been reported to have promising antimalarial activity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (3D7 strain). These extracts were subjected to fractionation using automated preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) to identify the most active fractions. Nine fractions were isolated from each extract, of which the fractions QIA11 and QIM16 showed antimalarial activity, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 17.65 ± 1.82 μg/mL and 24.21 ± 1.88 μg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the standard antimalarial drug artemisinin has an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.004 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Through high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis of the fractions, four known compounds were successfully identified: gallic acid, ellagic acid, 1,3,6-tris-o-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-d-glucose and 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6
Erika Chriscensia, Joshua Nathanael, Urip Perwitasari, Agus Budiawan Naro Putra, Shakila Angjaya Adiyanto, Pietradewi Hartrianti
Theobroma cacao L. beans have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. However, up to 52%-76% of Theobroma cacao L. fruit comprises its husk, which are regarded as waste and oftentimes thrown away. In fact, cocoa pod husks actually possess a high antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants can be used to fight free radicals that are produced by environmental pollution. In order to simulate the effects of pollution, H2O2 and cigarette smoke extract models were used respectively. However, the antioxidant properties are limited on the skin due to poor penetration. Hence, in order to increase the topical penetration, cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was also formulated into niosomes thereafter. CPHE was characterised using total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and three antioxidant assays. After that, cytotoxicity and cytoprotective assay were conducted on HaCaT cells, which represent the skin epidermis. CPHE was then formulated into niosomes subjected to stability and penetration studies for three months. CPHE was shown to contain 164.26 ± 1.067 mg GAE/g extract in total phenolic content and 10.72 ± 0.32 mg QCE/g extract in total flavonoid content. In addition, our results showed that CPHE possesses similar antioxidant capacity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, around eight-fold less through ABTS assay and approximately twelve-fold less through Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. The extract also showed comparable cytoprotective properties to that of standard (ascorbic acid). The niosome formulation was also able to increase the penetration compared to unencapsulated extract, as well as possess a good stability profile. This showed that CPHE, in fact, could be repurposed for other uses other than being thrown away as waste.
{"title":"Potential Utilisation of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> Pod Husk Extract: Protective Capability Evaluation Against Pollution Models and Formulation into Niosomes.","authors":"Erika Chriscensia, Joshua Nathanael, Urip Perwitasari, Agus Budiawan Naro Putra, Shakila Angjaya Adiyanto, Pietradewi Hartrianti","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. beans have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. However, up to 52%-76% of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. fruit comprises its husk, which are regarded as waste and oftentimes thrown away. In fact, cocoa pod husks actually possess a high antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants can be used to fight free radicals that are produced by environmental pollution. In order to simulate the effects of pollution, H<sup>2</sup>O<sup>2</sup> and cigarette smoke extract models were used respectively. However, the antioxidant properties are limited on the skin due to poor penetration. Hence, in order to increase the topical penetration, cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was also formulated into niosomes thereafter. CPHE was characterised using total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and three antioxidant assays. After that, cytotoxicity and cytoprotective assay were conducted on HaCaT cells, which represent the skin epidermis. CPHE was then formulated into niosomes subjected to stability and penetration studies for three months. CPHE was shown to contain 164.26 ± 1.067 mg GAE/g extract in total phenolic content and 10.72 ± 0.32 mg QCE/g extract in total flavonoid content. In addition, our results showed that CPHE possesses similar antioxidant capacity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, around eight-fold less through ABTS assay and approximately twelve-fold less through Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. The extract also showed comparable cytoprotective properties to that of standard (ascorbic acid). The niosome formulation was also able to increase the penetration compared to unencapsulated extract, as well as possess a good stability profile. This showed that CPHE, in fact, could be repurposed for other uses other than being thrown away as waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Length-weight relationship (LWR) was used as a tool to assess the status of fish stocks, through condition factor, in major rivers in Thailand. Fifty-one (51) fish species from each river, i.e., The examined for LWR using eleven years of monitoring data (2010–2020) for Bang Pakong and 14 years of monitoring data (2007–2020) for Chao Phraya, which comprised 57,871 samples. The parameters for LWR and condition factor were examined by species and by body shape, i.e., ovate, oblong, elongate or eel-like. The coefficient of determination (r2) of all log-transformed LWRs was greater than 0.90. Parameter b of LWR ranged between 2.06 and 3.46 (median = 3.00) for fishes from the Chao Phraya River and between 1.72 and 3.68 (median = 2.76) for fishes from the Bang Pakong River. The overall condition factor, which implies the well-being that indicates the health or fattening of the fishes in a stock, ranged between 0.93 and 1.09. There was no significant difference in the overall well-being (P = 0.279) between the two rivers. Fishes with oblong and elongate shapes in the Chao Phraya River showed higher median values of parameter b of LWR than those from the Bang Pakong River. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the well-being of the fish stocks between the two rivers when pooled by shape. The findings are fundamental information for fish stock assessment in the two rivers, which greatly support the small-scale fisheries in Thailand.
长度-重量关系(LWR)被用作通过条件因子评估泰国主要河流中鱼类种群状况的工具。利用 Bang Pakong 的 11 年监测数据(2010-2020 年)和 Chao Phraya 的 14 年监测数据(2007-2020 年),对每条河流的 51 种鱼类(即 57,871 个样本)进行了长重关系研究。按物种和体形(即卵形、长圆形、细长形或鳗鲡形)对低纬度和状态因子参数进行了研究。所有经对数变换的长宽比的判定系数(r2)均大于 0.90。湄南河鱼类的低纬度系数参数 b 介于 2.06 和 3.46 之间(中位数 = 3.00),邦帕公河鱼类的低纬度系数参数 b 介于 1.72 和 3.68 之间(中位数 = 2.76)。总体状况因子表示鱼群的健康或育肥状况,介于 0.93 和 1.09 之间。两条河流的总体健康状况没有明显差异(P = 0.279)。湄南河中长圆形和细长形鱼类的长寿率参数 b 的中值高于 Bang Pakong 河中的鱼类。然而,如果按鱼体形状分类,两河鱼类种群的健康状况没有明显差异(P > 0.05)。这些发现为两条河流的鱼类种群评估提供了基本信息,为泰国的小型渔业提供了极大的支持。
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Fishes in Two Major Rivers, the Chao Phraya and the Bang Pakong, in Thailand","authors":"Chayajit Deekrachang, Chaiwut Grudpun, Apinun Suvarnaraksha, Pisit Phomikong, Tuantong Jutagate","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Length-weight relationship (LWR) was used as a tool to assess the status of fish stocks, through condition factor, in major rivers in Thailand. Fifty-one (51) fish species from each river, i.e., The examined for LWR using eleven years of monitoring data (2010–2020) for Bang Pakong and 14 years of monitoring data (2007–2020) for Chao Phraya, which comprised 57,871 samples. The parameters for LWR and condition factor were examined by species and by body shape, i.e., ovate, oblong, elongate or eel-like. The coefficient of determination (r2) of all log-transformed LWRs was greater than 0.90. Parameter b of LWR ranged between 2.06 and 3.46 (median = 3.00) for fishes from the Chao Phraya River and between 1.72 and 3.68 (median = 2.76) for fishes from the Bang Pakong River. The overall condition factor, which implies the well-being that indicates the health or fattening of the fishes in a stock, ranged between 0.93 and 1.09. There was no significant difference in the overall well-being (P = 0.279) between the two rivers. Fishes with oblong and elongate shapes in the Chao Phraya River showed higher median values of parameter b of LWR than those from the Bang Pakong River. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the well-being of the fish stocks between the two rivers when pooled by shape. The findings are fundamental information for fish stock assessment in the two rivers, which greatly support the small-scale fisheries in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10
K. Shamin-Shazwan, R. Shahari, Che Nurul Aini, Che Amri, Razik Midin, Mohd Razik Midin
Durio zibethinus L. is known as the “king of fruit” in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan has always become the top choice district to visit for durian lover for its Durian Kampung Jelebu, which possessed good quality on par with top D. zibethinus clones such as D197 Musang King and D24. However, there is still lacking in taxonomic data of D. zibethinus especially from Jelebu. This study aimed to analyse the leaf architecture and genome size variations of selected D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Five D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu were examined. Thirty-seven parameters of gross leaf morphological characteristics and leaf venation pattern were observed and recorded for identification and classification of D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Seven parameters have been recorded which are petiole length, petiole features, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf base shape, lower leaf surface colour and areolation could be used in differentiating between accessions. Results of this study showed the intraspecific variations existed among D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu with a genome size varying between 1.7433 pg and 1.800 pg. In conclusion, data on leaf architecture and genome size variations from D. zibethinus accessions are beneficial for early plant identification and classification.
榴莲(Durio zibethinus L.)被誉为马来西亚的 "水果之王"。与此同时,森美兰州的热勒布(Jelebu)一直是榴莲爱好者的首选地区,因为这里的榴莲甘榜热勒布(Kampung Jelebu)拥有与顶级榴莲克隆品种(如 D197 Musang King 和 D24)相媲美的优良品质。然而,关于榴莲的分类学数据仍然缺乏,尤其是来自热勒布的数据。本研究旨在分析杰莱布所选 D. zibethinus 接种的叶片结构和基因组大小变化。研究考察了来自热勒布的 5 个 D. zibethinus 品种。观察并记录了叶片形态特征和叶脉图案的 37 个参数,以便对热勒布的 D. zibethinus 插种进行鉴定和分类。所记录的叶柄长度、叶柄特征、叶片大小、叶片形状、叶基部形状、下部叶片表面颜色和隔离度等七个参数可用于区分不同品种。研究结果表明,杰莱布的 D. zibethinus 种间存在种内差异,基因组大小在 1.7433 pg 和 1.800 pg 之间。总之,D.zibethinus 入选品种的叶片结构和基因组大小变异数据有利于植物的早期鉴定和分类。
{"title":"Leaf Architecture and Genome Size Variation of Durio zibethinus L. from Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia","authors":"K. Shamin-Shazwan, R. Shahari, Che Nurul Aini, Che Amri, Razik Midin, Mohd Razik Midin","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Durio zibethinus L. is known as the “king of fruit” in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan has always become the top choice district to visit for durian lover for its Durian Kampung Jelebu, which possessed good quality on par with top D. zibethinus clones such as D197 Musang King and D24. However, there is still lacking in taxonomic data of D. zibethinus especially from Jelebu. This study aimed to analyse the leaf architecture and genome size variations of selected D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Five D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu were examined. Thirty-seven parameters of gross leaf morphological characteristics and leaf venation pattern were observed and recorded for identification and classification of D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Seven parameters have been recorded which are petiole length, petiole features, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf base shape, lower leaf surface colour and areolation could be used in differentiating between accessions. Results of this study showed the intraspecific variations existed among D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu with a genome size varying between 1.7433 pg and 1.800 pg. In conclusion, data on leaf architecture and genome size variations from D. zibethinus accessions are beneficial for early plant identification and classification.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15
H. Latuconsina, N. A. Butet, Ridwan Affandi, M. Kamal, Syamsul Bachry, A. A. Hakim
This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Siganus canaliculatus in the Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters. DNA of S. canaliculatus specimens collected from IAB was extracted from tissues using a Tissue Genomic DNA Mini Kit, and partial CO1 genes were amplified using pair of universal primers. Genetic distances were determined by Kimura 2-parameter, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method in MEGA 10.2.2 software. Arlequin software was used to analyse Fixation Index (Fst) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). There are three SNPs of S. canaliculatus from IAB that distinguish GenBank sequence data from S. canaliculatus. In Tanjung Tiram population group, contained three specific 677 (A), 679 (G), 703 (T) sites and two 693 (G), 714 (A) sites for the Nania population. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of each population range from 0.000 to 1,000 and 0.000 to 0.004. Intra- and inter-population genetic differentiation were 21.19% dan 78.81%, respectively. Intra- and inter-population genetic distances were in range of 0.40–1.13 and 0.00–0.37, respectively. The pattern and direction of tidal currents as a link or barrier to spatial distribution and connectivity of S. canaliculatus larvae between seagrass habitats, as well as the presence of different anthropogenic pressures in each seagrass habitat, are thought to influence the genetic characteristics (genetic diversity, genetic variation, genetic differentiation and genetic distance) of S. canaliculatus populations in IAB waters. The results of this study provide information about the urgency of habitat-based fisheries management to support sustainable utilisation.
本研究旨在分析内安汶湾(IAB)水域中Siganus canaliculatus的遗传多样性。使用组织基因组 DNA Mini 试剂盒从内安汶湾采集的 S. canaliculatus 标本组织中提取 DNA,并使用一对通用引物扩增 CO1 部分基因。用 Kimura 2 参数确定遗传距离,并在 MEGA 10.2.2 软件中用邻接法构建系统发生树。Arlequin 软件用于分析固定指数(Fst)和分子变异分析(AMOVA)。来自 IAB 的 S. canaliculatus 有三个 SNPs 与 GenBank 序列数据中的 S. canaliculatus 有所区别。在 Tanjung Tiram 种群组中,包含三个特定的 677 (A)、679 (G)、703 (T) 位点,在 Nania 种群组中,包含两个 693 (G)、714 (A) 位点。每个种群的单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为 0.000 至 1,000 和 0.000 至 0.004。种群内和种群间的遗传分化率分别为 21.19% 和 78.81%。种群内和种群间的遗传距离分别为 0.40-1.13 和 0.00-0.37。潮汐流的模式和方向是 S. canaliculatus 幼虫在不同海草生境间空间分布和连接的纽带或障碍,同时各海草生境存在不同的人为压力,这些因素被认为会影响 IAB 水域 S. canaliculatus 种群的遗传特征(遗传多样性、遗传变异、遗传分化和遗传距离)。这项研究的结果提供了有关基于生境的渔业管理的紧迫性的信息,以支持可持续利用。
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) on Different Seagrass Habitats in Inner Ambon Bay, Indonesia Based on Mitochondrial CO1 Sequences","authors":"H. Latuconsina, N. A. Butet, Ridwan Affandi, M. Kamal, Syamsul Bachry, A. A. Hakim","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Siganus canaliculatus in the Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters. DNA of S. canaliculatus specimens collected from IAB was extracted from tissues using a Tissue Genomic DNA Mini Kit, and partial CO1 genes were amplified using pair of universal primers. Genetic distances were determined by Kimura 2-parameter, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method in MEGA 10.2.2 software. Arlequin software was used to analyse Fixation Index (Fst) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). There are three SNPs of S. canaliculatus from IAB that distinguish GenBank sequence data from S. canaliculatus. In Tanjung Tiram population group, contained three specific 677 (A), 679 (G), 703 (T) sites and two 693 (G), 714 (A) sites for the Nania population. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of each population range from 0.000 to 1,000 and 0.000 to 0.004. Intra- and inter-population genetic differentiation were 21.19% dan 78.81%, respectively. Intra- and inter-population genetic distances were in range of 0.40–1.13 and 0.00–0.37, respectively. The pattern and direction of tidal currents as a link or barrier to spatial distribution and connectivity of S. canaliculatus larvae between seagrass habitats, as well as the presence of different anthropogenic pressures in each seagrass habitat, are thought to influence the genetic characteristics (genetic diversity, genetic variation, genetic differentiation and genetic distance) of S. canaliculatus populations in IAB waters. The results of this study provide information about the urgency of habitat-based fisheries management to support sustainable utilisation.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7
Christy Lavenia, Dwi Sendi, Priyono, D. S. Yudha, Tuty Arisuryanti
Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved.
{"title":"Species Identification of Rehabilitated Critically Endangered Orangutans Through DNA Forensic: Implication for Conservation","authors":"Christy Lavenia, Dwi Sendi, Priyono, D. S. Yudha, Tuty Arisuryanti","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11
Amin-Safwan Adnan, Lawrencia Casey Gamburud, Izzah S Mohd Affendi, Mardhiyyah Mohd Pauzi, H. Mahsol, T. Muhammad, H. Manan, Muhammad Naimullah, Che-Zulkifli, Che Ismail, Muhd-Farouk Harman, M. Syafaat, Nadirah Musa, Hongyu Ma, M. Ikhwanuddin, Izzah-Syafiah Mohd
Female Scylla olivacea has become more popular in Malaysia as emerging species mainly for soft-shell crabs and crab fattening (to increase weight, size and ovary maturation so that they can be sold at a higher price). To harvest crabs in soft-shell conditions and fattening, both conditions depend mostly on moulting events. To accelerate the moulting process, the manipulation of water parameter (salinity) and autotomy of the limb is commonly used. In this study, the evaluation of the moulting performances of full limb autotomy (the removal of all the appendages except for the swimming legs) and non-ablated (control) using immature S. olivacea cultured in three different salinity treatments (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) were performed. Results indicate there were significant differences between mud crab’s culture duration, BW increments, growth performances and feeding efficiency with salinity. However, CW increments and survival indicate no significant effect with salinity. Meanwhile, limb autotomy proved to affect the culture duration, BW increments, survival and feeding efficiency of S. olivacea. The study concludes that both salinity and limb autotomy play significant roles in moulting performances of S. olivacea, with 20 ppt being the best salinity to stimulate S. olivacea moulting and development compared with the other two treatments (10 ppt and 30 ppt). Limb autotomy also indicates promising results as this technique proved to accelerate the moulting duration of S. olivacea with a 100% moulting percentage within 30 days. Therefore, the outcome would certainly benefit in the aquaculture production of this species of commercial importance mainly on soft-shell crabs production and also emerge as crabs fattening technique.
{"title":"Moulting Performances Evaluation of Female Orange Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) In-Captivity: Effects of Water Salinity and Limb Autotomy","authors":"Amin-Safwan Adnan, Lawrencia Casey Gamburud, Izzah S Mohd Affendi, Mardhiyyah Mohd Pauzi, H. Mahsol, T. Muhammad, H. Manan, Muhammad Naimullah, Che-Zulkifli, Che Ismail, Muhd-Farouk Harman, M. Syafaat, Nadirah Musa, Hongyu Ma, M. Ikhwanuddin, Izzah-Syafiah Mohd","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Female Scylla olivacea has become more popular in Malaysia as emerging species mainly for soft-shell crabs and crab fattening (to increase weight, size and ovary maturation so that they can be sold at a higher price). To harvest crabs in soft-shell conditions and fattening, both conditions depend mostly on moulting events. To accelerate the moulting process, the manipulation of water parameter (salinity) and autotomy of the limb is commonly used. In this study, the evaluation of the moulting performances of full limb autotomy (the removal of all the appendages except for the swimming legs) and non-ablated (control) using immature S. olivacea cultured in three different salinity treatments (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) were performed. Results indicate there were significant differences between mud crab’s culture duration, BW increments, growth performances and feeding efficiency with salinity. However, CW increments and survival indicate no significant effect with salinity. Meanwhile, limb autotomy proved to affect the culture duration, BW increments, survival and feeding efficiency of S. olivacea. The study concludes that both salinity and limb autotomy play significant roles in moulting performances of S. olivacea, with 20 ppt being the best salinity to stimulate S. olivacea moulting and development compared with the other two treatments (10 ppt and 30 ppt). Limb autotomy also indicates promising results as this technique proved to accelerate the moulting duration of S. olivacea with a 100% moulting percentage within 30 days. Therefore, the outcome would certainly benefit in the aquaculture production of this species of commercial importance mainly on soft-shell crabs production and also emerge as crabs fattening technique.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}