Length-weight relationship (LWR) was used as a tool to assess the status of fish stocks, through condition factor, in major rivers in Thailand. Fifty-one (51) fish species from each river, i.e., The examined for LWR using eleven years of monitoring data (2010–2020) for Bang Pakong and 14 years of monitoring data (2007–2020) for Chao Phraya, which comprised 57,871 samples. The parameters for LWR and condition factor were examined by species and by body shape, i.e., ovate, oblong, elongate or eel-like. The coefficient of determination (r2) of all log-transformed LWRs was greater than 0.90. Parameter b of LWR ranged between 2.06 and 3.46 (median = 3.00) for fishes from the Chao Phraya River and between 1.72 and 3.68 (median = 2.76) for fishes from the Bang Pakong River. The overall condition factor, which implies the well-being that indicates the health or fattening of the fishes in a stock, ranged between 0.93 and 1.09. There was no significant difference in the overall well-being (P = 0.279) between the two rivers. Fishes with oblong and elongate shapes in the Chao Phraya River showed higher median values of parameter b of LWR than those from the Bang Pakong River. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the well-being of the fish stocks between the two rivers when pooled by shape. The findings are fundamental information for fish stock assessment in the two rivers, which greatly support the small-scale fisheries in Thailand.
长度-重量关系（LWR）被用作通过条件因子评估泰国主要河流中鱼类种群状况的工具。利用 Bang Pakong 的 11 年监测数据（2010-2020 年）和 Chao Phraya 的 14 年监测数据（2007-2020 年），对每条河流的 51 种鱼类（即 57,871 个样本）进行了长重关系研究。按物种和体形（即卵形、长圆形、细长形或鳗鲡形）对低纬度和状态因子参数进行了研究。所有经对数变换的长宽比的判定系数（r2）均大于 0.90。湄南河鱼类的低纬度系数参数 b 介于 2.06 和 3.46 之间（中位数 = 3.00），邦帕公河鱼类的低纬度系数参数 b 介于 1.72 和 3.68 之间（中位数 = 2.76）。总体状况因子表示鱼群的健康或育肥状况，介于 0.93 和 1.09 之间。两条河流的总体健康状况没有明显差异（P = 0.279）。湄南河中长圆形和细长形鱼类的长寿率参数 b 的中值高于 Bang Pakong 河中的鱼类。然而，如果按鱼体形状分类，两河鱼类种群的健康状况没有明显差异（P > 0.05）。这些发现为两条河流的鱼类种群评估提供了基本信息，为泰国的小型渔业提供了极大的支持。
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Fishes in Two Major Rivers, the Chao Phraya and the Bang Pakong, in Thailand","authors":"Chayajit Deekrachang, Chaiwut Grudpun, Apinun Suvarnaraksha, Pisit Phomikong, Tuantong Jutagate","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Length-weight relationship (LWR) was used as a tool to assess the status of fish stocks, through condition factor, in major rivers in Thailand. Fifty-one (51) fish species from each river, i.e., The examined for LWR using eleven years of monitoring data (2010–2020) for Bang Pakong and 14 years of monitoring data (2007–2020) for Chao Phraya, which comprised 57,871 samples. The parameters for LWR and condition factor were examined by species and by body shape, i.e., ovate, oblong, elongate or eel-like. The coefficient of determination (r2) of all log-transformed LWRs was greater than 0.90. Parameter b of LWR ranged between 2.06 and 3.46 (median = 3.00) for fishes from the Chao Phraya River and between 1.72 and 3.68 (median = 2.76) for fishes from the Bang Pakong River. The overall condition factor, which implies the well-being that indicates the health or fattening of the fishes in a stock, ranged between 0.93 and 1.09. There was no significant difference in the overall well-being (P = 0.279) between the two rivers. Fishes with oblong and elongate shapes in the Chao Phraya River showed higher median values of parameter b of LWR than those from the Bang Pakong River. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the well-being of the fish stocks between the two rivers when pooled by shape. The findings are fundamental information for fish stock assessment in the two rivers, which greatly support the small-scale fisheries in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10
K. Shamin-Shazwan, R. Shahari, Che Nurul Aini, Che Amri, Razik Midin, Mohd Razik Midin
Durio zibethinus L. is known as the “king of fruit” in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan has always become the top choice district to visit for durian lover for its Durian Kampung Jelebu, which possessed good quality on par with top D. zibethinus clones such as D197 Musang King and D24. However, there is still lacking in taxonomic data of D. zibethinus especially from Jelebu. This study aimed to analyse the leaf architecture and genome size variations of selected D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Five D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu were examined. Thirty-seven parameters of gross leaf morphological characteristics and leaf venation pattern were observed and recorded for identification and classification of D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Seven parameters have been recorded which are petiole length, petiole features, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf base shape, lower leaf surface colour and areolation could be used in differentiating between accessions. Results of this study showed the intraspecific variations existed among D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu with a genome size varying between 1.7433 pg and 1.800 pg. In conclusion, data on leaf architecture and genome size variations from D. zibethinus accessions are beneficial for early plant identification and classification.
榴莲（Durio zibethinus L.）被誉为马来西亚的 "水果之王"。与此同时，森美兰州的热勒布（Jelebu）一直是榴莲爱好者的首选地区，因为这里的榴莲甘榜热勒布（Kampung Jelebu）拥有与顶级榴莲克隆品种（如 D197 Musang King 和 D24）相媲美的优良品质。然而，关于榴莲的分类学数据仍然缺乏，尤其是来自热勒布的数据。本研究旨在分析杰莱布所选 D. zibethinus 接种的叶片结构和基因组大小变化。研究考察了来自热勒布的 5 个 D. zibethinus 品种。观察并记录了叶片形态特征和叶脉图案的 37 个参数，以便对热勒布的 D. zibethinus 插种进行鉴定和分类。所记录的叶柄长度、叶柄特征、叶片大小、叶片形状、叶基部形状、下部叶片表面颜色和隔离度等七个参数可用于区分不同品种。研究结果表明，杰莱布的 D. zibethinus 种间存在种内差异，基因组大小在 1.7433 pg 和 1.800 pg 之间。总之，D.zibethinus 入选品种的叶片结构和基因组大小变异数据有利于植物的早期鉴定和分类。
{"title":"Leaf Architecture and Genome Size Variation of Durio zibethinus L. from Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia","authors":"K. Shamin-Shazwan, R. Shahari, Che Nurul Aini, Che Amri, Razik Midin, Mohd Razik Midin","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Durio zibethinus L. is known as the “king of fruit” in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan has always become the top choice district to visit for durian lover for its Durian Kampung Jelebu, which possessed good quality on par with top D. zibethinus clones such as D197 Musang King and D24. However, there is still lacking in taxonomic data of D. zibethinus especially from Jelebu. This study aimed to analyse the leaf architecture and genome size variations of selected D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Five D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu were examined. Thirty-seven parameters of gross leaf morphological characteristics and leaf venation pattern were observed and recorded for identification and classification of D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Seven parameters have been recorded which are petiole length, petiole features, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf base shape, lower leaf surface colour and areolation could be used in differentiating between accessions. Results of this study showed the intraspecific variations existed among D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu with a genome size varying between 1.7433 pg and 1.800 pg. In conclusion, data on leaf architecture and genome size variations from D. zibethinus accessions are beneficial for early plant identification and classification.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15
H. Latuconsina, N. A. Butet, Ridwan Affandi, M. Kamal, Syamsul Bachry, A. A. Hakim
This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Siganus canaliculatus in the Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters. DNA of S. canaliculatus specimens collected from IAB was extracted from tissues using a Tissue Genomic DNA Mini Kit, and partial CO1 genes were amplified using pair of universal primers. Genetic distances were determined by Kimura 2-parameter, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method in MEGA 10.2.2 software. Arlequin software was used to analyse Fixation Index (Fst) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). There are three SNPs of S. canaliculatus from IAB that distinguish GenBank sequence data from S. canaliculatus. In Tanjung Tiram population group, contained three specific 677 (A), 679 (G), 703 (T) sites and two 693 (G), 714 (A) sites for the Nania population. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of each population range from 0.000 to 1,000 and 0.000 to 0.004. Intra- and inter-population genetic differentiation were 21.19% dan 78.81%, respectively. Intra- and inter-population genetic distances were in range of 0.40–1.13 and 0.00–0.37, respectively. The pattern and direction of tidal currents as a link or barrier to spatial distribution and connectivity of S. canaliculatus larvae between seagrass habitats, as well as the presence of different anthropogenic pressures in each seagrass habitat, are thought to influence the genetic characteristics (genetic diversity, genetic variation, genetic differentiation and genetic distance) of S. canaliculatus populations in IAB waters. The results of this study provide information about the urgency of habitat-based fisheries management to support sustainable utilisation.
本研究旨在分析内安汶湾（IAB）水域中Siganus canaliculatus的遗传多样性。使用组织基因组 DNA Mini 试剂盒从内安汶湾采集的 S. canaliculatus 标本组织中提取 DNA，并使用一对通用引物扩增 CO1 部分基因。用 Kimura 2 参数确定遗传距离，并在 MEGA 10.2.2 软件中用邻接法构建系统发生树。Arlequin 软件用于分析固定指数（Fst）和分子变异分析（AMOVA）。来自 IAB 的 S. canaliculatus 有三个 SNPs 与 GenBank 序列数据中的 S. canaliculatus 有所区别。在 Tanjung Tiram 种群组中，包含三个特定的 677 (A)、679 (G)、703 (T) 位点，在 Nania 种群组中，包含两个 693 (G)、714 (A) 位点。每个种群的单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为 0.000 至 1,000 和 0.000 至 0.004。种群内和种群间的遗传分化率分别为 21.19% 和 78.81%。种群内和种群间的遗传距离分别为 0.40-1.13 和 0.00-0.37。潮汐流的模式和方向是 S. canaliculatus 幼虫在不同海草生境间空间分布和连接的纽带或障碍，同时各海草生境存在不同的人为压力，这些因素被认为会影响 IAB 水域 S. canaliculatus 种群的遗传特征（遗传多样性、遗传变异、遗传分化和遗传距离）。这项研究的结果提供了有关基于生境的渔业管理的紧迫性的信息，以支持可持续利用。
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) on Different Seagrass Habitats in Inner Ambon Bay, Indonesia Based on Mitochondrial CO1 Sequences","authors":"H. Latuconsina, N. A. Butet, Ridwan Affandi, M. Kamal, Syamsul Bachry, A. A. Hakim","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Siganus canaliculatus in the Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters. DNA of S. canaliculatus specimens collected from IAB was extracted from tissues using a Tissue Genomic DNA Mini Kit, and partial CO1 genes were amplified using pair of universal primers. Genetic distances were determined by Kimura 2-parameter, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method in MEGA 10.2.2 software. Arlequin software was used to analyse Fixation Index (Fst) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). There are three SNPs of S. canaliculatus from IAB that distinguish GenBank sequence data from S. canaliculatus. In Tanjung Tiram population group, contained three specific 677 (A), 679 (G), 703 (T) sites and two 693 (G), 714 (A) sites for the Nania population. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of each population range from 0.000 to 1,000 and 0.000 to 0.004. Intra- and inter-population genetic differentiation were 21.19% dan 78.81%, respectively. Intra- and inter-population genetic distances were in range of 0.40–1.13 and 0.00–0.37, respectively. The pattern and direction of tidal currents as a link or barrier to spatial distribution and connectivity of S. canaliculatus larvae between seagrass habitats, as well as the presence of different anthropogenic pressures in each seagrass habitat, are thought to influence the genetic characteristics (genetic diversity, genetic variation, genetic differentiation and genetic distance) of S. canaliculatus populations in IAB waters. The results of this study provide information about the urgency of habitat-based fisheries management to support sustainable utilisation.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7
Christy Lavenia, Dwi Sendi, Priyono, D. S. Yudha, Tuty Arisuryanti
Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved.
{"title":"Species Identification of Rehabilitated Critically Endangered Orangutans Through DNA Forensic: Implication for Conservation","authors":"Christy Lavenia, Dwi Sendi, Priyono, D. S. Yudha, Tuty Arisuryanti","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11
Amin-Safwan Adnan, Lawrencia Casey Gamburud, Izzah S Mohd Affendi, Mardhiyyah Mohd Pauzi, H. Mahsol, T. Muhammad, H. Manan, Muhammad Naimullah, Che-Zulkifli, Che Ismail, Muhd-Farouk Harman, M. Syafaat, Nadirah Musa, Hongyu Ma, M. Ikhwanuddin, Izzah-Syafiah Mohd
Female Scylla olivacea has become more popular in Malaysia as emerging species mainly for soft-shell crabs and crab fattening (to increase weight, size and ovary maturation so that they can be sold at a higher price). To harvest crabs in soft-shell conditions and fattening, both conditions depend mostly on moulting events. To accelerate the moulting process, the manipulation of water parameter (salinity) and autotomy of the limb is commonly used. In this study, the evaluation of the moulting performances of full limb autotomy (the removal of all the appendages except for the swimming legs) and non-ablated (control) using immature S. olivacea cultured in three different salinity treatments (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) were performed. Results indicate there were significant differences between mud crab’s culture duration, BW increments, growth performances and feeding efficiency with salinity. However, CW increments and survival indicate no significant effect with salinity. Meanwhile, limb autotomy proved to affect the culture duration, BW increments, survival and feeding efficiency of S. olivacea. The study concludes that both salinity and limb autotomy play significant roles in moulting performances of S. olivacea, with 20 ppt being the best salinity to stimulate S. olivacea moulting and development compared with the other two treatments (10 ppt and 30 ppt). Limb autotomy also indicates promising results as this technique proved to accelerate the moulting duration of S. olivacea with a 100% moulting percentage within 30 days. Therefore, the outcome would certainly benefit in the aquaculture production of this species of commercial importance mainly on soft-shell crabs production and also emerge as crabs fattening technique.
{"title":"Moulting Performances Evaluation of Female Orange Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) In-Captivity: Effects of Water Salinity and Limb Autotomy","authors":"Amin-Safwan Adnan, Lawrencia Casey Gamburud, Izzah S Mohd Affendi, Mardhiyyah Mohd Pauzi, H. Mahsol, T. Muhammad, H. Manan, Muhammad Naimullah, Che-Zulkifli, Che Ismail, Muhd-Farouk Harman, M. Syafaat, Nadirah Musa, Hongyu Ma, M. Ikhwanuddin, Izzah-Syafiah Mohd","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Female Scylla olivacea has become more popular in Malaysia as emerging species mainly for soft-shell crabs and crab fattening (to increase weight, size and ovary maturation so that they can be sold at a higher price). To harvest crabs in soft-shell conditions and fattening, both conditions depend mostly on moulting events. To accelerate the moulting process, the manipulation of water parameter (salinity) and autotomy of the limb is commonly used. In this study, the evaluation of the moulting performances of full limb autotomy (the removal of all the appendages except for the swimming legs) and non-ablated (control) using immature S. olivacea cultured in three different salinity treatments (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) were performed. Results indicate there were significant differences between mud crab’s culture duration, BW increments, growth performances and feeding efficiency with salinity. However, CW increments and survival indicate no significant effect with salinity. Meanwhile, limb autotomy proved to affect the culture duration, BW increments, survival and feeding efficiency of S. olivacea. The study concludes that both salinity and limb autotomy play significant roles in moulting performances of S. olivacea, with 20 ppt being the best salinity to stimulate S. olivacea moulting and development compared with the other two treatments (10 ppt and 30 ppt). Limb autotomy also indicates promising results as this technique proved to accelerate the moulting duration of S. olivacea with a 100% moulting percentage within 30 days. Therefore, the outcome would certainly benefit in the aquaculture production of this species of commercial importance mainly on soft-shell crabs production and also emerge as crabs fattening technique.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.12
Katalina Gutiérrez Hernández, Carlos Alberto Galindo, Jorge Luis, Turriago González, Manuel Hernando Bernal Bautista, Carlos Alberto, Jorge Galindo, Luis Turriago, Gonzalez Manuel, Hernando, Carlos Alberto Galindo Martínez, Turriago González
Anurans are ectothermic organisms highly susceptible to variations in the environmental temperature that changes with elevation and between habitats in tropical mountains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of body temperature (BT) of nocturnal anurans from two contrasting habitats (open and forest habitats) along an elevation gradient in Colombia. We measured the environmental temperatures (substrate and air) and BT of 135 adult frogs of 11 species from open and forest habitats at three elevational zones of an Andean Mountain. The BT had a positive and significant relationship with environmental temperatures and showed a higher thermal dependence for substrate than air temperature, which suggests that anurans are thermoconformers and potentially tigmotherms. Additionally, BT of anurans from both habitats decreased with the elevation, but species from open habitats had a higher BT than forest species. Therefore, the impact of environmental temperatures on anurans that live at a similar altitude level is not the same, as the type of habitat has a strong influence on their BT. This information is important to a better understanding of anuran thermal biology, refine conservation strategies, and to improve the predictive power of environmental data in forecasting the effects of climate change on small ectotherms such as amphibians.
{"title":"Thermal Relationship in Tropical Anurans from Two Contrasting Habitats Along an Elevation Gradient in Colombia","authors":"Katalina Gutiérrez Hernández, Carlos Alberto Galindo, Jorge Luis, Turriago González, Manuel Hernando Bernal Bautista, Carlos Alberto, Jorge Galindo, Luis Turriago, Gonzalez Manuel, Hernando, Carlos Alberto Galindo Martínez, Turriago González","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Anurans are ectothermic organisms highly susceptible to variations in the environmental temperature that changes with elevation and between habitats in tropical mountains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of body temperature (BT) of nocturnal anurans from two contrasting habitats (open and forest habitats) along an elevation gradient in Colombia. We measured the environmental temperatures (substrate and air) and BT of 135 adult frogs of 11 species from open and forest habitats at three elevational zones of an Andean Mountain. The BT had a positive and significant relationship with environmental temperatures and showed a higher thermal dependence for substrate than air temperature, which suggests that anurans are thermoconformers and potentially tigmotherms. Additionally, BT of anurans from both habitats decreased with the elevation, but species from open habitats had a higher BT than forest species. Therefore, the impact of environmental temperatures on anurans that live at a similar altitude level is not the same, as the type of habitat has a strong influence on their BT. This information is important to a better understanding of anuran thermal biology, refine conservation strategies, and to improve the predictive power of environmental data in forecasting the effects of climate change on small ectotherms such as amphibians.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.8
R. Chiarawipa, B. Somboonsuke, Sirima Wandao, Apichet Thongsong, Supet Jirakajohnkool
A large-scale rubber plantation in Southern Thailand is expected to capture a significant amount of carbon dioxide from emissions through carbon sinks in the vegetation and soil. The goal of this research is to create a carbon offset assessment for rubber plantations lasting for 30 years using a voluntary market contract approach. To evaluate the area of large-scale rubber plantations, this study evaluated major growing regions in five provinces in the middle-south region of Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun and Trang) using an integrated RS-GIS technique that incorporated biomass allometric equations, soil series databases, and object-based classification. The classification of rubber plantation areas and the mapping of rubber stand ages were conducted to estimate the above-ground biomass of the rubber tree. Texture analysis was used in the rubber classification process, and NDVI was combined with texture analysis to separate vegetation areas from other land cover. Four groups of varying ages (1–6, 7–13, 14–20 and 21–30 years old) were evaluated for their capacity to generate carbon offsets. The equations of voluntary market contract revenue according to the contract method of the CCX were applied for this case study. This evaluation was used to estimate their annual value, total and net incomes in the carbon market price regarding the RGGI Allowance (RGA). Carbon offset income was then used to estimate the potential income (over a 30-year period) of the life of the contract. The results showed that the carbon stock potential of rubber plantations depended on the age of the trees and the soil carbon stock. The total carbon stock in the rubber plantations varied from 249.73 to 301.48 Mg C/ha (or equivalently 916.49 to 1,106.44 Mg CO2e/ha). Furthermore, the potential net income of the contract was estimated to be between USD5,378.32 and USD5,930.38 Mg CO2e/ha over a 30-year period according to the voluntary market contract revenue. These results suggest that the large agricultural land plot policy could create opportunities for carbon offsetting. The policy of large-scale rubber areas could be used as a tool and mechanism for farmers who are considering participating in carbon-crediting mechanisms. Then, farmers could use voluntary market contracts as a guide and foundation for their decision-making. The carbon offset credit strategy could assist Thailand in achieving its climate goals of transitioning to a low-carbon agriculture sector.
{"title":"Investigating Drivers Impacting Carbon Stock and Carbon Offset in a Large-Scale Rubber Plantation in the Middle South of Thailand","authors":"R. Chiarawipa, B. Somboonsuke, Sirima Wandao, Apichet Thongsong, Supet Jirakajohnkool","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A large-scale rubber plantation in Southern Thailand is expected to capture a significant amount of carbon dioxide from emissions through carbon sinks in the vegetation and soil. The goal of this research is to create a carbon offset assessment for rubber plantations lasting for 30 years using a voluntary market contract approach. To evaluate the area of large-scale rubber plantations, this study evaluated major growing regions in five provinces in the middle-south region of Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun and Trang) using an integrated RS-GIS technique that incorporated biomass allometric equations, soil series databases, and object-based classification. The classification of rubber plantation areas and the mapping of rubber stand ages were conducted to estimate the above-ground biomass of the rubber tree. Texture analysis was used in the rubber classification process, and NDVI was combined with texture analysis to separate vegetation areas from other land cover. Four groups of varying ages (1–6, 7–13, 14–20 and 21–30 years old) were evaluated for their capacity to generate carbon offsets. The equations of voluntary market contract revenue according to the contract method of the CCX were applied for this case study. This evaluation was used to estimate their annual value, total and net incomes in the carbon market price regarding the RGGI Allowance (RGA). Carbon offset income was then used to estimate the potential income (over a 30-year period) of the life of the contract. The results showed that the carbon stock potential of rubber plantations depended on the age of the trees and the soil carbon stock. The total carbon stock in the rubber plantations varied from 249.73 to 301.48 Mg C/ha (or equivalently 916.49 to 1,106.44 Mg CO2e/ha). Furthermore, the potential net income of the contract was estimated to be between USD5,378.32 and USD5,930.38 Mg CO2e/ha over a 30-year period according to the voluntary market contract revenue. These results suggest that the large agricultural land plot policy could create opportunities for carbon offsetting. The policy of large-scale rubber areas could be used as a tool and mechanism for farmers who are considering participating in carbon-crediting mechanisms. Then, farmers could use voluntary market contracts as a guide and foundation for their decision-making. The carbon offset credit strategy could assist Thailand in achieving its climate goals of transitioning to a low-carbon agriculture sector.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.9
Alih Raphael, Olufeagba Solomon Shola Gabriel, Samuel Olabode, O. CheikyulaJoseph, A. A. Bolong, M. Ikhwanuddin, O. V. Tosin, Olufeagba Samuel Olabode, Kiraan Meristik, Keplastikan Morfologi, Ikan Keli, Populasi
This study attempted to discriminate the population of Heterobranchus longifilis in Nigeria using their morphological characteristics. Therefore, 60 sexually mature wild samples of H. longifilis (1:1 for the male and female ratio) of relatively similar size (40 cm) were collected from three eco-regions namely, Guinea Savanna (Benue River, Makurdi), Rainforest Savanna (Niger River, Onitsha) and Sahel Savanna (Rima River, Sokoto). They were transported to the hatchery unit of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Joseph Sarwan Tarka University Makurdi where the morphometric data was collected. The data for 39 traditional morphometric measurements and 5 meristic counts obtained from each fish were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis. While significant differences were observed in some parameters following univariate analysis; it was revealed that the morphometric parameters and meristic counts could not separate the fish from the different ecoregions into distinct multivariate spaces or clusters following Principal Component Analysis. Hence, this suggests that morphological parameters cannot be used to discriminate H. longifilis from the different ecoregions. Studies using molecular markers are needed to further characterise the distinctiveness of the different populations.
{"title":"Morphological Characterisation of Three Populations of Heterobranchus longifilis from Nigeria","authors":"Alih Raphael, Olufeagba Solomon Shola Gabriel, Samuel Olabode, O. CheikyulaJoseph, A. A. Bolong, M. Ikhwanuddin, O. V. Tosin, Olufeagba Samuel Olabode, Kiraan Meristik, Keplastikan Morfologi, Ikan Keli, Populasi","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempted to discriminate the population of Heterobranchus longifilis in Nigeria using their morphological characteristics. Therefore, 60 sexually mature wild samples of H. longifilis (1:1 for the male and female ratio) of relatively similar size (40 cm) were collected from three eco-regions namely, Guinea Savanna (Benue River, Makurdi), Rainforest Savanna (Niger River, Onitsha) and Sahel Savanna (Rima River, Sokoto). They were transported to the hatchery unit of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Joseph Sarwan Tarka University Makurdi where the morphometric data was collected. The data for 39 traditional morphometric measurements and 5 meristic counts obtained from each fish were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis. While significant differences were observed in some parameters following univariate analysis; it was revealed that the morphometric parameters and meristic counts could not separate the fish from the different ecoregions into distinct multivariate spaces or clusters following Principal Component Analysis. Hence, this suggests that morphological parameters cannot be used to discriminate H. longifilis from the different ecoregions. Studies using molecular markers are needed to further characterise the distinctiveness of the different populations. ","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.13
Li Chin, Peter G Chai, Alderson Chiew Foan, Chin, Li Chin Chai, Peter G. Alderson, Chiew Foan Chin
Vanilla is a popular flavouring essence derived from the pods of vanilla orchid plants. Due to the high demand for vanilla flavour, high yielding vanilla plantlets are necessary for establishing vanilla plantations. Clonal micropropagation is a viable technique for the mass production of high yielding vanilla plantlets. This study reports an efficient regeneration protocol by using cytokinin as the sole plant growth regulator to regenerate plantlets from the root tips of a commercial vanilla orchid species, Vanilla planifolia. Most studies to date have reported using seeds and nodes as starting explants for in vitro micropropagation of vanilla orchids. So far, regeneration from roots has not been very successful. Previous studies favoured the use of auxins only or high auxin to cytokinin ratios to induce callus, and sole cytokinins were used for direct shoot regeneration. However, it was sporadically observed in plantlets regeneration of V. planifolia that multiple shoots were regenerated from the tips of intact aerial roots submerged in media. This study therefore investigated the regeneration of excised vanilla root tips through the application of most commonly used auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron). High auxin presence is known to promote callusing in in vitro plants. However, in this study, auxin treatment inhibits callusing in root tips. While cytokinin treatments, even at low levels, has promoted high rate of callusing. These callus cells regenerate into PLB shoots when cytokinin levels are increased to 0.5 mg/mL BAP under light conditions. The findings of the study have the potential of providing large quantity of high yielding vanilla plantlets through clonal micropropagation.
{"title":"Exogenous Cytokinin Induces Callus and Protocorm-Like-Bodies (PLBs) Formation in In Vitro Root Tips of Vanilla planifolia Andrews","authors":"Li Chin, Peter G Chai, Alderson Chiew Foan, Chin, Li Chin Chai, Peter G. Alderson, Chiew Foan Chin","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Vanilla is a popular flavouring essence derived from the pods of vanilla orchid plants. Due to the high demand for vanilla flavour, high yielding vanilla plantlets are necessary for establishing vanilla plantations. Clonal micropropagation is a viable technique for the mass production of high yielding vanilla plantlets. This study reports an efficient regeneration protocol by using cytokinin as the sole plant growth regulator to regenerate plantlets from the root tips of a commercial vanilla orchid species, Vanilla planifolia. Most studies to date have reported using seeds and nodes as starting explants for in vitro micropropagation of vanilla orchids. So far, regeneration from roots has not been very successful. Previous studies favoured the use of auxins only or high auxin to cytokinin ratios to induce callus, and sole cytokinins were used for direct shoot regeneration. However, it was sporadically observed in plantlets regeneration of V. planifolia that multiple shoots were regenerated from the tips of intact aerial roots submerged in media. This study therefore investigated the regeneration of excised vanilla root tips through the application of most commonly used auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron). High auxin presence is known to promote callusing in in vitro plants. However, in this study, auxin treatment inhibits callusing in root tips. While cytokinin treatments, even at low levels, has promoted high rate of callusing. These callus cells regenerate into PLB shoots when cytokinin levels are increased to 0.5 mg/mL BAP under light conditions. The findings of the study have the potential of providing large quantity of high yielding vanilla plantlets through clonal micropropagation. ","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-30DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6
Saidu Abdullahi, Hazzeman Haris, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Amir Hamzah Ghazali
The growth of crop plants is greatly affected by the increased toxicity of metals. Luckily, certain beneficial bacteria can potentially reduce the effects of metal stress and promote the growth of the host plants. Many species of bacteria were reported as heavy metal tolerant and plant growth promoting, with very little or no report available concerning Enterobacter tabaci as heavy metal tolerant plant growth promoting. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Cadmium (Cd) tolerant Enterobacter tabaci 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004) to alleviate heavy metals stress and enhance the growth of rice seedlings grown under Cd stress conditions. Rice seedlings were grown in Yoshida medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cd and inoculated with 4M9. The results showed that the inoculum tested successfully reduced oxidative stress in the seedlings by reducing the electrolyte leakage (EL) and increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the inoculated seedlings compared to the control counterparts. The results also revealed a significant increase in plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content of inoculated rice seedlings compared to the control. In general, the Cd tolerant E. tabaci 4M9 confers heavy metal alleviation and thereby improves the growth and survival of rice seedlings under Cd stress conditions. Therefore, the findings stated the potential of 4M9 for alleviating heavy metal stress and promoting the development of inoculated rice seedlings if accidentally grown under Cd-contaminated conditions.
农作物的生长受到金属毒性增加的极大影响。幸运的是，某些有益细菌有可能减轻金属压力的影响，促进寄主植物的生长。据报道，许多种类的细菌都具有耐重金属和促进植物生长的能力，但有关塔氏肠杆菌（Enterobacter tabaci）具有耐重金属和促进植物生长能力的报道却很少或根本没有。本研究旨在评估耐镉（Cd）肠杆菌 4M9（CCB-MBL 5004）缓解重金属胁迫和促进镉胁迫条件下水稻幼苗生长的潜力。水稻秧苗生长在添加了不同浓度镉的吉田培养基中，并接种了 4M9。结果表明，与对照组相比，受试接种物通过降低接种秧苗的电解质渗漏（EL）、提高过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，成功地降低了秧苗的氧化胁迫。结果还显示，与对照相比，接种水稻秧苗的植株生长、生物量和叶绿素含量都有显著提高。总的来说，耐镉的 E. tabaci 4M9 能减轻重金属的影响，从而提高水稻秧苗在镉胁迫条件下的生长和存活率。因此，研究结果表明，如果接种的水稻秧苗意外生长在镉污染条件下，4M9 有可能缓解重金属胁迫并促进其生长发育。
{"title":"Alleviation of Cadmium Stress in Rice Seedlings Inoculated with <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004).","authors":"Saidu Abdullahi, Hazzeman Haris, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Amir Hamzah Ghazali","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of crop plants is greatly affected by the increased toxicity of metals. Luckily, certain beneficial bacteria can potentially reduce the effects of metal stress and promote the growth of the host plants. Many species of bacteria were reported as heavy metal tolerant and plant growth promoting, with very little or no report available concerning <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> as heavy metal tolerant plant growth promoting. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Cadmium (Cd) tolerant <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004) to alleviate heavy metals stress and enhance the growth of rice seedlings grown under Cd stress conditions. Rice seedlings were grown in Yoshida medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cd and inoculated with 4M9. The results showed that the inoculum tested successfully reduced oxidative stress in the seedlings by reducing the electrolyte leakage (EL) and increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the inoculated seedlings compared to the control counterparts. The results also revealed a significant increase in plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content of inoculated rice seedlings compared to the control. In general, the Cd tolerant <i>E. tabaci</i> 4M9 confers heavy metal alleviation and thereby improves the growth and survival of rice seedlings under Cd stress conditions. Therefore, the findings stated the potential of 4M9 for alleviating heavy metal stress and promoting the development of inoculated rice seedlings if accidentally grown under Cd-contaminated conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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