Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.62-65
Natalia Lytvynenko, Oleksandr Korenets
B a c k g r o u n d . The use of three-dimensional terrain modeling by commanders during their decision-making during the execution of assigned tasks will allow them to gain a tactical advantage on the battlefield. Given the current lack of a methodological foundation for justifying the methodology of constructing three-dimensional terrain models for use in the geoinformation subsystems of the Automated Control System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ACS AFU), as well as the practical absence of a modern information system for storing and publishing such data, the research objective is the development of a technology for using three-dimensional terrain models with modern geoinformation technologies to enhance decision- making efficiency during planning and the execution of tasks by military units. M e t h o d s . We employed methods such as analysis of scientific and reference literature on the research problem to determine its relevance, systematization, and generalization of scientific information, as well as a systemic analysis of current guidelines for creating and using three-dimensional terrain models in the development of technology for the placement and utilization of three-dimensional models on a geospatial portal. R e s u l t s . Considering the experiences of leading countries worldwide, contemporary approaches to organizing spatial monitoring systems, geospatial modeling tasks, and the diverse requirements posed on various components when creating a unified information space, the use of threedimensional terrain models is justified to enhance the efficiency of task execution by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the military sphere, three-dimensional terrain models can be applied to improve the computational tasks of artillery units, visualize defense and offensive operations, conduct combat actions in urban areas (3D modeling of buildings and structures), and create special maps with pseudo-three-dimensional representations of terrain forms, and more. C o n c l u s i o n s . The technology proposed in this work for the placement and use of three-dimensional models can be applied in the process of information filling for the components of the geospatial portal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
{"title":"Technology of using three-dimensional models of location in the unified geoinformation environment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine","authors":"Natalia Lytvynenko, Oleksandr Korenets","doi":"10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.62-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.62-65","url":null,"abstract":"B a c k g r o u n d . The use of three-dimensional terrain modeling by commanders during their decision-making during the execution of assigned tasks will allow them to gain a tactical advantage on the battlefield. Given the current lack of a methodological foundation for justifying the methodology of constructing three-dimensional terrain models for use in the geoinformation subsystems of the Automated Control System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ACS AFU), as well as the practical absence of a modern information system for storing and publishing such data, the research objective is the development of a technology for using three-dimensional terrain models with modern geoinformation technologies to enhance decision- making efficiency during planning and the execution of tasks by military units. M e t h o d s . We employed methods such as analysis of scientific and reference literature on the research problem to determine its relevance, systematization, and generalization of scientific information, as well as a systemic analysis of current guidelines for creating and using three-dimensional terrain models in the development of technology for the placement and utilization of three-dimensional models on a geospatial portal. R e s u l t s . Considering the experiences of leading countries worldwide, contemporary approaches to organizing spatial monitoring systems, geospatial modeling tasks, and the diverse requirements posed on various components when creating a unified information space, the use of threedimensional terrain models is justified to enhance the efficiency of task execution by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the military sphere, three-dimensional terrain models can be applied to improve the computational tasks of artillery units, visualize defense and offensive operations, conduct combat actions in urban areas (3D modeling of buildings and structures), and create special maps with pseudo-three-dimensional representations of terrain forms, and more. C o n c l u s i o n s . The technology proposed in this work for the placement and use of three-dimensional models can be applied in the process of information filling for the components of the geospatial portal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135562327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.5-11
Viktoriia Grydchyna
B a c k g r o u n d . The political awareness of military personnel is the basis for the formation of ideological beliefs and motivation for the armed defense of Ukraine. Since 2014, Ukraine has been repelling the armed aggression of the Russian Federation (RF), and starting February 24, 2022, the country is in the phase of a large-scale military invasion. General mobilization increased the Ukrainian army with non-professional military personnel. Political awareness formed on pro-Ukrainian positions is able to neutralize the informational and psychological influences of the enemy. Until 2021, pro-Russian media were present in the information space of Ukraine, which actively formed a distorted political picture of the world. Military media are part of Ukraine's information space; they can be one of the elements forming the political awareness of military personnel. The purpose of the study is to determine a list of materials that can be used to increase the political awareness of military personnel. The task is to monitor the media resources of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (MoD) to identify materials that will expand the political awareness of military personnel. The object of the research is the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency MoD "ArmiaInform". M e t h o d s . The methods of monitoring, thematic analysis, and content analysis of materials posted on the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency ArmiaInform from February 24, 2022, to October 31, 2022, were used. 1237 materials were analysed. The materials were grouped by topic into categories to policy areas and, were applied a ranking method, where the quantity of publications was used as an indicator of rank. R e s u l t s . In the news of the Ministry of Defence, the topic of war is presented in the 1st place, foreign policy is in the 2nd place, domestic policy is in the 3rd place. In the Information Agency "ArmiaInform", the topic of foreign policy is in the 1st place, the war is in the 2nd place, the domestic policy is in the 3rd place, and analytical materials on historical topics are in the 4th place. Out of 1,237 monitoring materials, 32 can become additions to the thematic matrix of the formation of political awareness in military personnel. C o n c l u s i o n s . The key components of political awareness that influence the subject's political behaviour are political literacy, political competence, rationality, and objectivity of political choice. The media of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine can become part of a political awareness program by publishing materials that increase political literacy and political competence. News posted on the media resources of the Ministry of Defence can be used for political information.
{"title":"The use of military media to raise the political awareness of Ukrainian military personnel in the system of formal and informal education","authors":"Viktoriia Grydchyna","doi":"10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.5-11","url":null,"abstract":"B a c k g r o u n d . The political awareness of military personnel is the basis for the formation of ideological beliefs and motivation for the armed defense of Ukraine. Since 2014, Ukraine has been repelling the armed aggression of the Russian Federation (RF), and starting February 24, 2022, the country is in the phase of a large-scale military invasion. General mobilization increased the Ukrainian army with non-professional military personnel. Political awareness formed on pro-Ukrainian positions is able to neutralize the informational and psychological influences of the enemy. Until 2021, pro-Russian media were present in the information space of Ukraine, which actively formed a distorted political picture of the world. Military media are part of Ukraine's information space; they can be one of the elements forming the political awareness of military personnel. The purpose of the study is to determine a list of materials that can be used to increase the political awareness of military personnel. The task is to monitor the media resources of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (MoD) to identify materials that will expand the political awareness of military personnel. The object of the research is the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency MoD \"ArmiaInform\". M e t h o d s . The methods of monitoring, thematic analysis, and content analysis of materials posted on the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency ArmiaInform from February 24, 2022, to October 31, 2022, were used. 1237 materials were analysed. The materials were grouped by topic into categories to policy areas and, were applied a ranking method, where the quantity of publications was used as an indicator of rank. R e s u l t s . In the news of the Ministry of Defence, the topic of war is presented in the 1st place, foreign policy is in the 2nd place, domestic policy is in the 3rd place. In the Information Agency \"ArmiaInform\", the topic of foreign policy is in the 1st place, the war is in the 2nd place, the domestic policy is in the 3rd place, and analytical materials on historical topics are in the 4th place. Out of 1,237 monitoring materials, 32 can become additions to the thematic matrix of the formation of political awareness in military personnel. C o n c l u s i o n s . The key components of political awareness that influence the subject's political behaviour are political literacy, political competence, rationality, and objectivity of political choice. The media of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine can become part of a political awareness program by publishing materials that increase political literacy and political competence. News posted on the media resources of the Ministry of Defence can be used for political information.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.12-19
Valentyna Kravets
B a c k g r o u n d . Recently approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Concept of the military education system transformation defines ensuring the quality of military education taking into account NATO standards as one of the urgent tasks. Today, not all military higher educational institutions of Ukraine completed the institutionalization of the internal quality assurance system, the mandatory implementation of which is established by the Ukrainian legislation. This process requires further improvement and methodological support. Therefore, the methodological basis of the development of the internal quality assurance system at the military HEIs need for research. The purpose of the study is to determine the methodological basis for the development of an internal quality assurance system at the Ukrainian military HEIs, taking into account the up-to-date experience of domestic higher education institutions and NATO quality standards. M e t h o d s . Theoretical analysis of scientific publications on the issues under study; statistical data analysis on the ISO 9001 standard implementation in Ukraine; comparative analysis of the laws of Ukraine, regulatory documents of the European Higher Education Area, NATO and higher education institutions on quality assurance issues; generalization and synthesis. R e s u l t s . The methodological concepts for the development of an internal quality assurance system in educational organizations are characterized: ESG-2015, ISO 9001, the EFQM excellence model. It is substantiated that the most acceptable methodological concept for the development of such a system at military HEIs are the ESG-2015 internal quality assurance standards and the NATO quality management system standards. On the basis of comparative analysis of these standards, as well as the requirements of the laws of Ukraine on the education quality, a list of the internal quality assurance procedures for the military HEIs is proposed. The levels of the structural model of the internal quality assurance system for military HEIs have been clarified. C o n c l u s i o n s . It has been established that the structure of the internal quality assurance system for military HEIs does not fundamentally differ from the model of such a system for any HEI in Ukraine except the procedure of contributing to NATO. But the implementation of the procedures related to ensuring student-centeredness and publicity in military HEIs, has features that require further research.
{"title":"Methodological basis for the development of internal quality assurance system in military higher educational institutions","authors":"Valentyna Kravets","doi":"10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.12-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.12-19","url":null,"abstract":"B a c k g r o u n d . Recently approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Concept of the military education system transformation defines ensuring the quality of military education taking into account NATO standards as one of the urgent tasks. Today, not all military higher educational institutions of Ukraine completed the institutionalization of the internal quality assurance system, the mandatory implementation of which is established by the Ukrainian legislation. This process requires further improvement and methodological support. Therefore, the methodological basis of the development of the internal quality assurance system at the military HEIs need for research. The purpose of the study is to determine the methodological basis for the development of an internal quality assurance system at the Ukrainian military HEIs, taking into account the up-to-date experience of domestic higher education institutions and NATO quality standards. M e t h o d s . Theoretical analysis of scientific publications on the issues under study; statistical data analysis on the ISO 9001 standard implementation in Ukraine; comparative analysis of the laws of Ukraine, regulatory documents of the European Higher Education Area, NATO and higher education institutions on quality assurance issues; generalization and synthesis. R e s u l t s . The methodological concepts for the development of an internal quality assurance system in educational organizations are characterized: ESG-2015, ISO 9001, the EFQM excellence model. It is substantiated that the most acceptable methodological concept for the development of such a system at military HEIs are the ESG-2015 internal quality assurance standards and the NATO quality management system standards. On the basis of comparative analysis of these standards, as well as the requirements of the laws of Ukraine on the education quality, a list of the internal quality assurance procedures for the military HEIs is proposed. The levels of the structural model of the internal quality assurance system for military HEIs have been clarified. C o n c l u s i o n s . It has been established that the structure of the internal quality assurance system for military HEIs does not fundamentally differ from the model of such a system for any HEI in Ukraine except the procedure of contributing to NATO. But the implementation of the procedures related to ensuring student-centeredness and publicity in military HEIs, has features that require further research.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.41-47
Oleksandr Artiushenko
B a c k g r o u n d . The relevance of this article lies in the fact that, in conditions of limited resources, the optimal allocation of financial resources is of great importance for the effective functioning of the state, including military units, as components of the budget system. The purpose of this study is to apply linear programming methods in combination with modern technologies to select the optimal allocation of resources to test a tool that will help institutions, including military units, use financial resources more efficiently and achieve maximum readiness and capabilities with limited budgetary resources. The object of the research. The object of study of this article is the process of financial support of military units as components of the state budget system. M e t h o d s . In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific the following methods of scientific cognition: logical, induction, deduction, classification, grouping - in the study and mechanism of financial support of military units; methods of economic and mathematical modeling, linear programming, formalization - in the formation of the model, its testing on data and development of proposals for its further application. R e s u l t s . The article considers the concept of a military unit from two main aspects: as a military unit and as a budgetary institution managing budgetary funds. Linear programming and modelling methods are used with the help of computer tools and in combination with modern technologies such as Python programming, Google Collaboratory, Jupyter notebook environment, Gurobi optimization library. Based on the results of the study, a financial resource allocation scheme was formed that maximizes the benefit from the use of a limited financial resource. C o n c l u s i o n s . The article explores the possibility of using linear programming methods to determine the optimal allocation of limited financial resources within a military organization among various activities required to meet a specific set of military unit needs, with potential alternative options (groups of options). As a result of the model optimization, the predetermined capabilities of the military unit were satisfied as follows: A – 100%, B – 0%, C – 71%, D – 90%, with the distribution of the financial resource (budget) appearing as follows: A – 29%, B – 0%, C – 37.5%, D – 33.5%, model also ensures 100% utilization of the designated financial resource.
B:是的，我很高兴见到你。本文的相关性在于，在资源有限的情况下，财政资源的最佳配置对于作为预算系统组成部分的国家(包括军事单位)的有效运作至关重要。本研究的目的是将线性规划方法与现代技术相结合，选择资源的最佳配置，以测试一种工具，该工具将帮助包括军事单位在内的机构更有效地利用财政资源，并在有限的预算资源下实现最大的战备状态和能力。研究的对象。本文研究的对象是军队财政支持作为国家预算体系组成部分的过程。我想我应该去找她。在研究过程中，采用了以下科学认知方法:逻辑方法、归纳方法、演绎方法、分类方法、分组方法——在研究军事单位财政保障的机理;方法经济和数学建模，线性规划，形式化-在模型的形成，其对数据的测试和发展的建议，为其进一步的应用。这是我最喜欢的。本文主要从军事单位和管理预算资金的预算机构两个方面来考察军事单位的概念。线性规划和建模方法是在计算机工具的帮助下使用的，并结合现代技术，如Python编程，谷歌协作实验室，Jupyter笔记本环境，Gurobi优化库。根据研究结果，形成了一个财政资源分配方案，以最大限度地利用有限的财政资源。我想我的孩子们都是这样的。本文探讨了使用线性规划方法确定军事组织内有限财政资源在满足特定军事单位需求所需的各种活动之间的最佳分配的可能性，以及潜在的替代方案(选项组)。模型优化后，部队的预定能力满足率为:a - 100%， B - 0%， C - 71%， D - 90%，财政资源(预算)分配为:a - 29%， B - 0%， C - 37.5%， D - 33.5%，模型也保证了指定财政资源的100%利用率。
{"title":"Application linear programming and optimisation methods to improve the effectiveness of budget expeditures in the field financial support the military troops","authors":"Oleksandr Artiushenko","doi":"10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.41-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2023.55.41-47","url":null,"abstract":"B a c k g r o u n d . The relevance of this article lies in the fact that, in conditions of limited resources, the optimal allocation of financial resources is of great importance for the effective functioning of the state, including military units, as components of the budget system. The purpose of this study is to apply linear programming methods in combination with modern technologies to select the optimal allocation of resources to test a tool that will help institutions, including military units, use financial resources more efficiently and achieve maximum readiness and capabilities with limited budgetary resources. The object of the research. The object of study of this article is the process of financial support of military units as components of the state budget system. M e t h o d s . In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific the following methods of scientific cognition: logical, induction, deduction, classification, grouping - in the study and mechanism of financial support of military units; methods of economic and mathematical modeling, linear programming, formalization - in the formation of the model, its testing on data and development of proposals for its further application. R e s u l t s . The article considers the concept of a military unit from two main aspects: as a military unit and as a budgetary institution managing budgetary funds. Linear programming and modelling methods are used with the help of computer tools and in combination with modern technologies such as Python programming, Google Collaboratory, Jupyter notebook environment, Gurobi optimization library. Based on the results of the study, a financial resource allocation scheme was formed that maximizes the benefit from the use of a limited financial resource. C o n c l u s i o n s . The article explores the possibility of using linear programming methods to determine the optimal allocation of limited financial resources within a military organization among various activities required to meet a specific set of military unit needs, with potential alternative options (groups of options). As a result of the model optimization, the predetermined capabilities of the military unit were satisfied as follows: A – 100%, B – 0%, C – 71%, D – 90%, with the distribution of the financial resource (budget) appearing as follows: A – 29%, B – 0%, C – 37.5%, D – 33.5%, model also ensures 100% utilization of the designated financial resource.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-3
Igor Bezklubyi
The article deals with methodological aspects of avoiding and reducing legal risks in the city. Legal problems are raised, which have an impact on the harmonious development of the city. Issues of danger for life of city-dwellers are considered. Appeal to theoretical problems of the methodology of risks is caused by the desire to investigate in which direction modern law develops on the way to regulate modern relations of safety in the city. The emphasis is on the methodology of legal risks, in that deep and broad sense, which helps not only in finding the criteria of delimitation of spheres of public and private law as well as subjective rights of participants of the relevant social relations, but also in the formation of our knowledge of a holistic picture on the way of security events in the city. The question of the ratio of approaches of risk definition is revealed at the interdisciplinary level. It is noted that the theory of private law gives quite comprehensive answers to the question of determining the risk, its legal nature and the relationship with the institution of responsibility. Using the methodological component, it is indicated those logical steps aim at fully avoiding or minimizing risks.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR MINIMIZING OF LEGAL RISKS IN CITY","authors":"Igor Bezklubyi","doi":"10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with methodological aspects of avoiding and reducing legal risks in the city. Legal problems are raised, which have an impact on the harmonious development of the city. Issues of danger for life of city-dwellers are considered. Appeal to theoretical problems of the methodology of risks is caused by the desire to investigate in which direction modern law develops on the way to regulate modern relations of safety in the city. The emphasis is on the methodology of legal risks, in that deep and broad sense, which helps not only in finding the criteria of delimitation of spheres of public and private law as well as subjective rights of participants of the relevant social relations, but also in the formation of our knowledge of a holistic picture on the way of security events in the city. The question of the ratio of approaches of risk definition is revealed at the interdisciplinary level. It is noted that the theory of private law gives quite comprehensive answers to the question of determining the risk, its legal nature and the relationship with the institution of responsibility. Using the methodological component, it is indicated those logical steps aim at fully avoiding or minimizing risks.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-5
Serhii Vavzhenchuk
The article, based on scientific doctrine, the legislation of Ukraine and some other countries, examines certain issues related to the problems of legal regulation of a contract in a favour of a third party. A review of the main scientific papers of Ukrainian scientists, who studied the contract in favour of a third party and contractual legal relations arising from the contract in favour of a third party, was carried out. Among scientists, the issue of scientific theory of the moment when third party's right emerges under a contract in favour of a third party remains unresolved. That is the reason the article, on a methodological level, draws specific attention to the main theories of emergence of a third party's right under a contract in favour of a third party. In view of the comprehensive analysis of the norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine, attention is drawn to what theory of the moment of conclusion of a contract in favour of a third party was adopted by the legislator in the Civil Code of Ukraine. In the context of analysis of a contract in favour of third parties, attention is paid to English law, namely the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. It is clarified whether in English contract law, before the adoption of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act, according to precedent law, the rule called "privity of contract rule" was still applied. It is also emphasized that a contract in favour of a third party should be distinguished from a contract of assignment of creditor's right to a third party (singular succession). In the case of singular succession, the previous creditor is 'removed' from the obligation, and in a contract in favour of a third party, such a replacement of the creditor in the obligation does not occur, since the creditor and the third party do not replace each other in the existing obligation, they are not successors of each other and as participants of the contractual relationship exist at the same time without excluding each other. Also, a contract in favour of a third party should be distinguished from a contract under which fulfilment is to be performed to a third person.
{"title":"CONTRACT IN FAVOUR OF A THIRD PARTY","authors":"Serhii Vavzhenchuk","doi":"10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2023/1.125-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article, based on scientific doctrine, the legislation of Ukraine and some other countries, examines certain issues related to the problems of legal regulation of a contract in a favour of a third party. A review of the main scientific papers of Ukrainian scientists, who studied the contract in favour of a third party and contractual legal relations arising from the contract in favour of a third party, was carried out. Among scientists, the issue of scientific theory of the moment when third party's right emerges under a contract in favour of a third party remains unresolved. That is the reason the article, on a methodological level, draws specific attention to the main theories of emergence of a third party's right under a contract in favour of a third party. In view of the comprehensive analysis of the norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine, attention is drawn to what theory of the moment of conclusion of a contract in favour of a third party was adopted by the legislator in the Civil Code of Ukraine. In the context of analysis of a contract in favour of third parties, attention is paid to English law, namely the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. It is clarified whether in English contract law, before the adoption of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act, according to precedent law, the rule called \"privity of contract rule\" was still applied. It is also emphasized that a contract in favour of a third party should be distinguished from a contract of assignment of creditor's right to a third party (singular succession). In the case of singular succession, the previous creditor is 'removed' from the obligation, and in a contract in favour of a third party, such a replacement of the creditor in the obligation does not occur, since the creditor and the third party do not replace each other in the existing obligation, they are not successors of each other and as participants of the contractual relationship exist at the same time without excluding each other. Also, a contract in favour of a third party should be distinguished from a contract under which fulfilment is to be performed to a third person.","PeriodicalId":23484,"journal":{"name":"Vìsnik farmacìï","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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