Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献_第3页

Influence of drinking water quality on immune responses to viral vaccines in layer chickens 饮水水质对蛋鸡对病毒疫苗免疫反应的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111035

Muhammad Farooq, Awais Ghaffar, Anne Shehara Perera, Susan Cork, Yan Dong Niu, Sylvia Checkley, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem

Drinking water quality is a critical factor in poultry production, and suboptimal drinking water can negatively influence immune functions leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. In the field study, we assessed drinking water quality on Alberta layer farms and evaluated its impact on vaccine-induced immune responses. Chemical, physical and microbiological analyses were performed on 26 water samples collected from Alberta layer farms and serological response for poultry viral vaccines were evaluated at the same time. The water hardness, pH, bicarbonates, and dissolved sodium exceeded acceptable limits in 34 %, 50 %, 46 %, and 27 % of the farms, respectively. Farm-level data revealed no significant direct correlation between water quality scores and vaccine induced serological response. For the controlled experiment, specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chicks were assigned to 4 groups: tap water control (TW-control), field water control (FW-control), tap water vaccinated (TW-vaccinated), and field water (FW-vaccinated), two of the groups were vaccinated against infectious bronchitis while maintaining unvaccinated controls and all 4 groups were maintained on their respective water sources for ∼8 weeks. Controlled experiments showed that vaccinated birds receiving FW had 600 units lower mean antibody titers compared to those given TW, which is statistically not significant. The vaccinated FW group also showed reduced CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell populations in the spleen and lungs, along with altered IFN-γ and significantly increased IL-10 transcription. In conclusion, although the field data showed a lack of correlation between water quality and vaccine induced serological response, the control experiment revealed that poor water quality might influence the infectious bronchitis vaccine effectiveness in layers.

饮用水质量是家禽生产的关键因素，不理想的饮用水会对免疫功能产生负面影响，导致疫苗效力降低。在实地研究中，我们评估了艾伯塔省蛋鸡养殖场的饮用水质量，并评估了其对疫苗诱导免疫反应的影响。对从艾伯塔省蛋鸡养殖场采集的26个水样进行了化学、物理和微生物学分析，同时对家禽病毒疫苗的血清学反应进行了评价。水质硬度、pH值、碳酸氢盐和溶解钠分别有34% %、50% %、46% %和27% %超标。农场层面的数据显示，水质评分与疫苗诱导的血清学反应之间没有显著的直接相关性。在对照试验中，将无特定病原体的白来窝鸡分为自来水对照组（TW-control）、野外水对照组（FW-control）、自来水接种组（tw - vaccine）和野外水接种组（fw - vaccine） 4个组，其中2个组接种传染性支气管炎疫苗，同时保持未接种疫苗的对照组，4个组在各自的水源上维持8周。对照实验表明，接种FW疫苗的禽类比接种TW疫苗的禽类平均抗体滴度低600个单位，差异无统计学意义。接种FW组还显示脾脏和肺部CD4 +和CD8 + t细胞数量减少，IFN-γ改变，IL-10转录显著增加。综上所述，尽管现场数据显示水质与疫苗诱导的血清学反应之间缺乏相关性，但对照实验显示，水质差可能会影响鸡传染性支气管炎疫苗的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of field-based diagnostic methods for assessing passive immune transfer in neonatal lambs 评估新生儿羔羊被动免疫转移的现场诊断方法的评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111034

Ana Laura Martins , Raquel Fraga e Silva Raimondo

Passive immune transfer (PIT) is crucial for the survival and health of neonatal lambs, and its assessment is vital in early-life management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three field-based diagnostic methods—analog Brix refractometry, digital Brix refractometry, and immunocrit—for estimating PIT in lambs, using serum total protein concentration as the reference standard. Thirteen lambs born from eutocic deliveries were assessed. The mean serum protein concentration was 7.50 ± 0.70 g/dL, exceeding the 5.0 g/dL threshold for adequate PIT. All alternative methods showed strong positive correlations with serum protein: analog Brix (r = 0.9795), digital Brix (r = 0.9870), and immunocrit (r = 0.8945), with perfect categorical agreement (Kappa = 1.0) across all methods. Analog and digital Brix readings were nearly identical, suggesting consistency between instruments. Although immunocrit showed slightly greater variability, it remained a valid diagnostic tool. A weak correlation was observed between colostrum Brix values and lamb serum protein (r = 0.16; p = 0.6115), indicating that colostrum quality alone does not guarantee successful PIT. Factors such as intake timing, volume, and neonatal vigor likely influence PIT outcomes. These findings support the use of Brix refractometry and immunocrit as reliable, rapid, and cost-effective tools for PIT assessment in lambs under field conditions. Their implementation may enhance early detection of PIT failure, reduce neonatal mortality, and improve flock health and productivity.

被动免疫转移（PIT）对新生羔羊的生存和健康至关重要，其评估在生命早期管理中至关重要。本研究以血清总蛋白浓度为参考标准，评估了三种基于现场的诊断方法（模拟Brix折射法、数字Brix折射法和免疫批判法）估计羔羊PIT的有效性。对13只优产出生的羔羊进行了评估。平均血清蛋白浓度为7.50±0.70 g/dL，超过了充分PIT的5.0 g/dL阈值。所有替代方法均与血清蛋白呈强正相关：模拟Brix （r = 0.9795）、数字Brix （r = 0.9870）和免疫临界值（r = 0.8945），所有方法的分类一致（Kappa = 1.0）。模拟和数字白锐度读数几乎相同，表明仪器之间的一致性。尽管免疫批评显示出稍大的可变性，但它仍然是一种有效的诊断工具。初乳白度值与羔羊血清蛋白之间存在弱相关性（r = 0.16; p = 0.6115），表明仅靠初乳质量并不能保证PIT的成功。诸如摄入时间、量和新生儿活力等因素可能影响PIT结果。这些发现支持使用Brix折射法和免疫批判法作为可靠、快速和经济有效的工具在野外条件下对羔羊进行PIT评估。它们的实施可以提高PIT故障的早期发现，降低新生儿死亡率，并改善畜群健康和生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Ex vivo-stimulated cytokine expression in whole blood indicates swine influenza vaccine-induced immune memory 全血中体外刺激的细胞因子表达表明猪流感疫苗诱导的免疫记忆

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111024

Giulia Fantoni , Andrea Müllebner , Nimród Pálmai , Péter Trampus , Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski , Han Smits , Navodita Maurice , Krishna Latha , J. Catharina Duvigneau , István Kiss

Swine influenza viruses (SwIAV) pose a zoonotic threat and contribute to interspecies viral reassortment. Effective vaccination strategies are essential, yet accessible correlates of protection remain limited. We simplified a whole blood (WB) assay to assess immune memory ex vivo in pigs vaccinated with Respiporc FLU3® (n = 6) versus placebo controls (n = 6), followed by homologous challenge with SwIAV (H1avN1). Vaccinated pigs exhibited no lung lesions and minimal viral loads. WB samples, collected pre- and post-vaccination and at day 1 and 5 post-challenge (dpch), were stimulated with SwIAV to quantify IL2, IL4, IFNγ, TNFα, and granzyme B (GZMB) mRNA via qPCR. High IL2 and moderate IL4 mRNA elicited in WB post-booster predicted reduced viral load and lung pathology. Concomitantly, high IFNγ in WB from controls at 5dpch correlated with lesion severity, indicating excessive inflammation in non-vaccinates. Post-challenge, IL4/IL2 mRNA ratios increased in virus-stimulated WB of vaccinates, suggesting Th2-associated resolution of infection. In contrast, controls showed declining IL4/IL2 ratios post-challenge, correlating with disease severity. Thus, the simplified WB assay allows identification of virus-specific immune responses associating with protection, without requiring extensive laboratory infrastructure. By recording the ex vivo-triggered SwIAV-specific IL4/IL2 mRNA dynamics, which develop between booster and challenge monitoring immune memory may simplify determination of vaccination success.

猪流感病毒（SwIAV）造成人畜共患威胁，并有助于种间病毒重组。有效的疫苗接种战略至关重要，但可获得的相关保护仍然有限。我们简化了一种全血（WB）测定方法，以评估接种了Respiporc FLU3®（n = 6）和安慰剂对照（n = 6）的猪的体外免疫记忆，然后用猪流感病毒（H1avN1）进行同源攻击。接种疫苗的猪没有肺部病变，病毒载量也很低。接种前和接种后以及攻毒后第1天和第5天收集WB样本，用SwIAV刺激，通过qPCR定量IL2、IL4、IFNγ、TNFα和颗粒酶B (GZMB) mRNA。高il - 2和中等il - 4 mRNA在WB增强后的表达预示着病毒载量和肺病理的降低。同时，5dpch时WB中IFNγ含量高与病变严重程度相关，表明未接种疫苗者炎症过度。攻毒后，疫苗中病毒刺激的WB中IL4/IL2 mRNA比值增加，提示th2相关的感染解决。相比之下，对照组在攻击后显示IL4/IL2比率下降，与疾病严重程度相关。因此，简化的WB测定法可以识别与保护相关的病毒特异性免疫反应，而不需要大量的实验室基础设施。通过记录在体外触发的swiav特异性IL4/IL2 mRNA动态，监测免疫记忆可以简化疫苗接种成功的确定。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of an interferon-gamma release assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis using QuantiFERON-TB gold tubes in bison (Bison bison athabascae) 利用QuantiFERON-TB金管在野牛（bison bison athabascae）中检测牛分枝杆菌的干扰素γ释放试验的评价。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111027

Josephine Chileshe , Jeffrey M. Chen , Todd Shury

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which causes bovine tuberculosis, is endemic in Canada’s Wood Buffalo National Park and threatens the conservation of free-ranging bison. It also poses spillover risks to humans and livestock. Accurate diagnostic tools are critical for screening this threatened and culturally significant animal. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) release assays (IGRA) are commonly used for tuberculosis diagnosis in humans and other wildlife species. Hence, this study aimed to develop an IGRA-based approach for detecting M. bovis infection in bison. Animals from a tuberculosis-free captive bison farm (n = 8) were experimentally infected with M. bovis. The whole blood was collected prior to and following M. bovis challenge and incubated overnight in QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT) blood collection tubes and pokeweed mitogen tubes. Plasma was harvested after centrifugation. Concentrations of IFNγ in plasma were quantified using the Mabtech bovine IFNγ ELISA Flex kit. IGRA responses were calculated as the difference in IFNγ concentrations between TB antigen and the nil tubes. A diagnostic cut-off value of 59 pg/ml (Se = 81 %, 95 % CI 57–93 %; Sp =100 %, 95 % CI 89–100 %; AUC = 0.92) was determined using known infection status to distinguish infected bison. Additionally, cut-off values for IFNγ concentrations for plasma from QFT-nil and pokeweed mitogen tubes were calculated to increase confidence in IGRA validity interpretation. The combination of the QFT stimulation platform and Mabtech bovine IFNγ ELISA shows promise as a diagnostic test to distinguish between M. bovis-infected and uninfected bison. These findings support the use of this tool for surveillance in free-ranging and captive Canadian bison populations and warrant further field validation.

引起牛结核病的牛分枝杆菌（牛分枝杆菌）在加拿大的伍德布法罗国家公园流行，威胁着自由放养的野牛的保护。它还对人类和牲畜造成溢出风险。准确的诊断工具对于筛查这种受到威胁且具有重要文化意义的动物至关重要。干扰素γ (IFNγ)释放测定法（IGRA）通常用于人类和其他野生动物的结核病诊断。因此，本研究旨在建立一种基于igra的检测野牛牛支原体感染的方法。从一个无结核病的圈养野牛养殖场（n = 8）的动物实验感染了牛分枝杆菌。在牛分枝杆菌攻毒前后采集全血，并在QuantiFERON®-TB Gold （QFT）采血管和美洲商草有丝分裂原管中孵育过夜。离心后收集血浆。使用Mabtech牛IFNγ ELISA Flex试剂盒定量测定血浆中IFNγ浓度。IGRA反应通过结核抗原和无管之间IFNγ浓度的差异来计算。诊断临界值为59 pg/ml (Se = 81 %,95 % CI 57-93 %;Sp =100 %,95 % CI 89-100 %;AUC = 0.92)，用已知感染状态来区分受感染的野牛。此外，计算了QFT-nil和美洲商陆有丝分裂原管血浆中IFNγ浓度的临界值，以提高IGRA效度解释的可信度。QFT刺激平台和Mabtech牛IFNγ酶联免疫吸附试验的结合有望作为区分牛分枝杆菌感染和未感染的野牛的诊断试验。这些发现支持将该工具用于自由放养和圈养的加拿大野牛种群的监测，并需要进一步的实地验证。

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引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of an ELISA based on recombinant Mb1454 antigen for the detection of specific anti-Mycobacterium bovis antibodies in cattle 重组Mb1454抗原ELISA检测牛分枝杆菌特异性抗体的建立与评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111025

Natana M.M. Bueno , Carolina Reck , Lucas L. Nogueira , Aguinaldo R. Pinto , Álvaro Menin

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a zoonosis of global concern due to the absence of effective vaccines or treatments. The conventional diagnostic method, the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICTT), is limited by cost and sensitivity, hindering control strategies. To overcome these limitations, an ELISA that detects specific IgG antibodies against M. bovis using the recombinant protein Mb1454 was developed. The optimized ELISA conditions included 0.5 µg of recombinant Mb1454 protein for plate sensitization, PBMT blocking buffer (PBS + 1 % BSA + 3 % milk + 0.05 % Tween-20), serum dilution of 1:200, secondary antibody dilution of 1:1000, 1 h incubation, and 15 min substrate development time. The analysis of the ELISA-Mb1454 in M. bovis-positive (bTB+, n = 113) and negative (bTB–, n = 120) bovine serum samples showed 92.9 % sensitivity and 90.0 % specificity, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.96, indicating high discrimination capacity in M. bovis detection (p < 0.0001). The assay demonstrated high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity observed in sera from animals infected with other common pathogens, including BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, BVDV, Neospora caninum, Brucella abortus, and Leptospira sp. The results showed no correlation between circulating IgG antibody levels against the Mb1454 antigen and the pathological stage of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) lesions. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrated the immunogenicity of the Mb1454 protein and discriminatory performance of the ELISA-Mb1454 assay in differentiating bTB-positive and -negative cattle, even in the absence of a direct association between antibody titers and disease severity.

牛结核（bTB）由牛分枝杆菌引起，由于缺乏有效的疫苗或治疗方法，是一种引起全球关注的人畜共患病。传统的诊断方法是单次皮内比较宫颈结核菌素试验（SICTT），受成本和敏感性的限制，阻碍了控制策略。为了克服这些限制，利用重组蛋白Mb1454开发了一种检测牛支原体特异性IgG抗体的ELISA。优化后的ELISA条件为：0.5 µg重组Mb1454蛋白用于板致敏，PBMT阻断缓冲液（PBS + 1 % BSA + 3 %牛奶+ 0.05 % Tween-20），血清稀释度为1:200，二抗稀释度为1:1000，孵育1 h，底物开发时间15 min。ELISA-Mb1454对牛分枝杆菌阳性（bTB+, n = 113）和阴性（bTB-, n = 120）牛血清的检测灵敏度为92.9 %，特异度为90.0 %，ROC曲线下面积为0.96，具有较高的牛分枝杆菌鉴别能力(p

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引用次数: 0

Rabies vaccine response in companion animals: Comparative evaluation of VSV-based pseudovirion neutralization test (PVNT) and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) 狂犬病疫苗在伴侣动物中的应答：基于vsv的假病毒粒子中和试验（PVNT）和快速荧光焦点抑制试验（RFFIT）的比较评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111026

Lekshmi J. Das , Santhik S. Lupitha , Geetu Rose Varghese , Sreeja R. Nair , Dilip Lakshman , Sharada Ramakrishnaiah , Shrikrishna Isloor , Easwaran Sreekumar

Rabies is a fatal but vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease. Global elimination of rabies necessitates multisectoral coordination and transboundary action involving mass animal vaccinations in endemic areas. The current assays for analysing seroconversion against rabies vaccines have limitations for large-scale use due to need for higher bio-containments, low-throughput and a high cost. Here, we report the feasibility of an alternative assay for detecting rabies neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated animals. This pseudovirus neutralization test (PVNT) based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform employs secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a reporter. The assay replaces the use of live rabies virus with single-round infectious pseudovirions as well as fluorescent microscopy in conventional neutralizing assays such as fluorescent antibody virus neutralization assay (FAVN)/ rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) with an ELISA reader. We subjected a total of 60 serum samples from vaccinated dogs and cats to both RFFIT and PVNT. The results showed excellent concordance, with the PVNT showing a sensitivity of 93.8 % and specificity of 100 %. Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) analysis indicated a high accuracy (area under the curve >0.9) and a kappa value of 0.848 indicating comparable performances of PVNT and RFFIT. Our results show that PVNT can serve as a suitable alternative to traditional live-virus-based neutralization assays for efficacy analysis of animal rabies vaccination.

狂犬病是一种致命但可通过疫苗预防的人畜共患疾病。全球消除狂犬病需要多部门协调和跨界行动，包括在流行地区大规模接种动物疫苗。目前用于分析狂犬病疫苗血清转化的检测由于需要更高的生物涵养、低通量和高成本，在大规模使用方面存在局限性。在这里，我们报告了在接种疫苗的动物中检测狂犬病中和抗体的替代分析的可行性。基于水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）平台的假病毒中和试验（PVNT）以分泌碱性磷酸酶（SEAP）为报告因子。该试验用单轮感染性假病毒粒子取代了活狂犬病毒的使用，并在常规中和试验中使用荧光显微镜，如荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)/快速荧光焦点抑制试验（RFFIT）。我们将接种过疫苗的狗和猫的60份血清样本分别接种RFFIT和PVNT。结果显示了良好的一致性，PVNT的敏感性为93.8 %，特异性为100 %。Receiver Operator characteristic （ROC）分析表明，PVNT和RFFIT具有较高的准确度（曲线下面积>0.9），kappa值为0.848，表明PVNT和RFFIT具有相当的性能。我们的研究结果表明，PVNT可以作为传统的基于活病毒的中和试验的替代品，用于动物狂犬病疫苗接种的疗效分析。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of endocan as a prognostic biomarker in septic calves with diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli K99+ 内啡肽作为大肠杆菌K99引起的脓毒性腹泻小牛的预后生物标志物的评估。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111022

Emre Tüfekçi , Vehbi Güneş

This study aimed to determine the prognostic impact of serum Endocan levels due to E. coli K99⁺ driven systemic inflamatuary response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis (SE) and septic shock (SS). The samples were with 24 diarrhoeic calves and 8 health calves aged 0–7 days. The diarrhoeic calves were divided equally into three groups as the SS group, the SE group and the SIRS group. Repeated serum samples were collected at the 0th, 3rd and 6th hours. The collected samples were used to analyse Endocan and certain proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β ve IL-6) and acute phase proteins (SAA and Hp). A statistically meaningful difference was observed between the serum Endocan levels of the groups (P < 0.001). The E. coli infected diarrhoeic calves in the SS group had Endocan levels higher than others in other groups. Also, as a prognostic value, a statistically meaningful difference was observed between the repeated Endocan concentrations collected from dead and surviving calves (P < 0.01, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). When the cut-off point for Endocan 6th hour tests was considered > 131.92, the AUC value was 0.825, the sensitivity was %81.82, the specificity was %77.2, +LR: 3.60, -LR: 0.24 (P < 0.05). As a result, in repeated analysis, serum Endocan levels were shown to be a rigorous indicator of the severity of inflammation in diarrhoeic calves and mortality when the positive correlation between other proinflammatory cytokine and acute phase proteins was taken into consideration.

本研究旨在确定大肠杆菌K99+驱动的系统性炎症反应综合征（SIRS）、脓毒症（SE）和感染性休克（SS）引起的血清内啡肽水平对预后的影响。样本为24头0-7日龄腹泻犊牛和8头健康犊牛。将腹泻犊牛平均分为三组，分别为SS组、SE组和SIRS组。于第0、3、6小时重复采集血清样本。收集的样品用于分析Endocan和某些促炎细胞因子（TNF-α， IL-1β和IL-6）和急性期蛋白（SAA和Hp）。两组血清Endocan水平差异有统计学意义(P <  131.92，AUC值为0.825，敏感性为%81.82，特异性为%77.2,+LR: 3.60, -LR: 0.24 （P < 0.05）

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引用次数: 0

Differential macrophage immune checkpoint expression triggered by bovine-associated staphylococci 牛相关葡萄球菌引发的巨噬细胞免疫检查点差异表达

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111021

Sarah Antonieta de Oliveira Veríssimo , Filipe Aguera Pinheiro , Ygor Fagundes Ruas , Kamila Reis Santos , Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez , Hiro Goto , Soraia Araújo Diniz , Sarne De Vliegher , Marcos Bryan Heinemann , Luiza Campos Reis , Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera , Fernando Nogueira Souza , Mônica Maria Oliveira Pinho Cerqueira

This study investigated whether distinct bovine-associated staphylococci can trigger expression of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Four well-studied strains, Staphylococcus aureus [n = 2; one from a bovine nose (SN) and one udder-adapted strain isolated from a persistent intramammary infection (IMI; S. aureus IM)] and S. chromogenes (n = 2; one udder-adapted strain isolated from a persistent IMI (S. chromogenes IM) and one originating from a teat apex; S. chromogenes TA), were used. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, was measured through flow cytometry. The macrophage infection was performed over time using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, 5, and 10, respectively, up to 6 h. All staphylococcal strains induced higher macrophage expression of PD-1 compared to an unstimulated control. The PD-1 expression was MOI-dependent. Most notably, the S. aureus SN triggered a drastic increase in the macrophage PD-1 expression over time. In contrast, PD-1 expression induced by both staphylococci IM strains dropped significantly over time, whereas the S. chromogenes TA exhibited no significant variation over time. A significant increase, though subtle, in PD-L1 expression was triggered by the S. aureus IM and S. chromogenes IM. A higher intensity of PD-L1 expression, significant yet relatively subtle, was observed during the earlier stages of infection. Thus, our findings underscore strain- and niche-specific patterns of macrophage modulation by staphylococci, encouraging further studies to investigate the potential of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 blockade as a non-antibiotic strategy to tackle bovine IMIs. However, as this study used a murine macrophage cell line, further validation in primary bovine macrophages is required.

本研究探讨了不同的牛相关葡萄球菌是否能触发RAW 264.7小鼠巨噬细胞中PD-1及其配体PD-L1的表达。四种被充分研究的菌株，金黄色葡萄球菌[n = 2；一个来自牛鼻（SN），一个从持续性乳内感染（IMI；金黄色葡萄球菌IM）]和变色葡萄球菌（n = 2）中分离出一个乳房适应菌株，一个来自持续性乳内感染（金黄色葡萄球菌IM），一个来自乳头尖；S. chromogenes TA)。流式细胞术检测PD-1和PD-L1的表达。随着时间的推移，使用感染的多重性（MOI）分别为1,5和10，高达6 h，进行巨噬细胞感染。与未受刺激的对照相比，所有葡萄球菌菌株诱导的巨噬细胞PD-1表达均较高。PD-1的表达依赖于moi。最值得注意的是，随着时间的推移，金黄色葡萄球菌SN引发巨噬细胞PD-1表达的急剧增加。相比之下，两种葡萄球菌IM菌株诱导的PD-1表达随时间显著下降，而变色葡萄球菌TA则没有显著变化。金黄色葡萄球菌IM和显色葡萄球菌IM触发了PD-L1表达的显着增加，尽管不明显。在感染的早期阶段，观察到较高强度的PD-L1表达，显著但相对微妙。因此，我们的研究结果强调了葡萄球菌对巨噬细胞调节的菌株和利基特异性模式，鼓励进一步研究PD-1和/或PD-L1阻断作为治疗牛IMIs的非抗生素策略的潜力。然而，由于本研究使用的是小鼠巨噬细胞系，因此需要在原代牛巨噬细胞中进一步验证。

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引用次数: 0

Expression dynamics of antimicrobial peptides during developmental stages of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus 转基因养殖罗非鱼（GIFT）发育阶段抗菌肽的表达动态

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111023

K.L. Dhanya Lenin, Anne Maria Thomas, Swapna P. Antony

Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are free-living from their embryonic stages and are constantly in contact with the highly diverse and pathogen-rich external aquatic environment. The innate immune system of fish is non-specific and adapted to detect potential pathogens and other stress factors. They can act rapidly and effectively via their key component, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The action of AMP is manifested through the regulation of its expression, and profiling the constitutive expression of key AMPs across various developmental stages in fish provides valuable insights into the transcriptomic mechanisms underlying their defense strategies against infections. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to quantify the expression of AMPs across the growth stages of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus. The analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of AMPs throughout the developmental stages of GIFT, indicating their critical role in immune preparedness. The expression profiles were specific to the peptide and the growth stages, and enhanced expression was particularly evident during the first post-hatch and first-feeding stages; no specific pattern could be deciphered during the other stages. The dynamic transcriptome, revealed through gene expression studies, provides a window into the intricate interplay of developmental and regulatory pathways. Monitoring the AMP expression profile offers an in-depth understanding of their mechanisms, paving the way for downstream applications in aquaculture, such as early disease detection and prevention, environment management, use of immunostimulants and probiotics, and in functional genomic studies.

鱼类是水生脊椎动物，从胚胎阶段开始就自由生活，并不断与高度多样化和富含病原体的外部水生环境接触。鱼类的先天免疫系统是非特异性的，适应于检测潜在的病原体和其他应激因素。它们可以通过其关键成分抗菌肽（AMPs）快速有效地发挥作用。AMP的作用是通过调节其表达来表现的，分析鱼类不同发育阶段关键AMP的组成表达，为了解其防御感染策略的转录组学机制提供了有价值的见解。采用实时荧光定量PCR （RT-qPCR）技术对转基因养殖罗非鱼（GIFT）生长过程中AMPs的表达进行定量分析。分析揭示了amp在GIFT发育阶段的不同表达模式，表明它们在免疫准备中起关键作用。表达谱与肽段和生长期相关，且在孵化后第一期和初采食期表达增强尤为明显；在其他阶段没有特定的模式可以破译。通过基因表达研究揭示的动态转录组为了解发育和调控途径的复杂相互作用提供了一个窗口。监测AMP的表达谱有助于深入了解其机制，为在水产养殖中的下游应用铺平道路，如早期疾病检测和预防、环境管理、免疫刺激剂和益生菌的使用以及功能基因组研究。

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引用次数: 0

Matrine as a potent inhibitor of canine mammary tumors: Insights from network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and in vitro analysis 苦参碱作为犬乳腺肿瘤的有效抑制剂：来自网络药理学、分子对接、分子动力学和体外分析的见解。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111020

Fida Noor , Wenwen Ding , Na Sun , Panpan Sun , Huizhen Yang , Hua Zhang , Kuohai Fan , Wei Yin , Zhenbiao Zhang , Yaogui Sun , Jianzhong Wang , Jia Zhong , Hongquan Li

Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is the most prevailing neoplasms in female dogs. Matrine demonstrates anti-tumor effects in various organs, its mechanism in CMT treatment remains unclear. This study involved in network pharmacology, molecular docking, dynamics simulations, cell viability, inhibations and migration, to clarify matrine's therapeutic action against CMT. Potential gene/protein targets were identified through PubChem (Matrine), and GeneCards (CMT), with point of intersection targets analyzed via STRING PPI network and Cytoscape. Top 10 hub genes were selected for gene ontology/KEGG pathway analyses (p < 0.05). Molecular docking (JAK2, AR, HDAC2, HDAC6, and NR3C1) revealed strong matrine−JAK2 binding (–7.8 kcal/mol), and dynamics simulations were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. Pathway analysis implicated JAK–STAT and PI3K–Akt signaling in matrine's as anti-tumor effects. In vitro results showing that the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of matrine of canine primary mammary epithelial cells (cPMECs), where the cell viability remained above 90 % at concentrations 280 µM and ≤ 560 µM, respectively, indicating this as the maximum safe concentration for cPMECs, and had a proliferation inhibitory effect time–dependently (12, 24, 48 hrs) on CHMm and CHMp cells within a safe concentration range, and suppression of CMT cells via CCK–8 assays. In 12 h, moderate inhibition was detected, which increased at 24 h, and was most prominent at 48 h. The migration ability of cells decreased at 24 h, respectively. Notably, the 560 µM concentration resulted in over 50 % inhibition in both cell lines after 48 h. Future research should investigate in vivo efficacy to progression matrine as a veterinary oncotherapeutic.

犬乳腺肿瘤（CMT）是雌性犬中最常见的肿瘤。苦参碱在多种器官均有抗肿瘤作用，但其治疗CMT的机制尚不清楚。本研究通过网络药理学、分子对接、动力学模拟、细胞活力、抑制和迁移等方法，阐明苦参碱对CMT的治疗作用。通过PubChem （Matrine）和GeneCards （CMT）找到潜在的基因/蛋白靶点，并通过STRING PPI网络和Cytoscape分析交叉点靶点。选择前10个枢纽基因进行基因本体/KEGG通路分析(p

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引用次数: 0