V. Brack, R. Reynolds, Wil Orndorff, Joe Zokaites, Carol Zokaites
During the period 22 November 1999 -11 October 2001, winter hibernacula surveys, spring staging/autumn swarming surveys, and summer surveys for bats were completed in caves of Skydusky Hollow, Bland County, Virginia. During winter, 12 caves were entered and 16,185 bats counted: 235 Myotis soda/is (Indiana bat), 14,475 Myotis lucifugus (little brownmyotis), 12 Myotis septentrionalis (northern myotis), 7 Myotis leibii (eastern small-footed myotis), 1,441 Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle), and 15 Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). Myotis soda/is hibernated in thermally stable areas of 7 9°C. The largest concentration of M lucifugus (n = 4,280) hibernated in an area that was cooler (6.5°C) than areas used by M soda/is. The remaining 6,300 M lucifugus hibernated at temperatures similar to, or slightly cooler than, temperatures used by M soda/is. Intra-cave (and possibly inter-cave) movements of M lucifugus and M soda/is during the season of hibernation concentrated bats in cooler areas of the caves. An unusually large concentration of P. subjlavus (n = 920) hibernated in Coon Cave in a warm (8.6 9.7°C), stable environment. Proportions of species of bats captured during spring staging and autumn swarming varied from proportions found during winter hibernation. Mating and perhaps other social functions affect patterns of autumn use. No concentration of bats used the caves during
{"title":"Bats of Skydusky Hollow, Bland County, Virginia","authors":"V. Brack, R. Reynolds, Wil Orndorff, Joe Zokaites, Carol Zokaites","doi":"10.25778/92RV-EA29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/92RV-EA29","url":null,"abstract":"During the period 22 November 1999 -11 October 2001, winter hibernacula surveys, spring staging/autumn swarming surveys, and summer surveys for bats were completed in caves of Skydusky Hollow, Bland County, Virginia. During winter, 12 caves were entered and 16,185 bats counted: 235 Myotis soda/is (Indiana bat), 14,475 Myotis lucifugus (little brownmyotis), 12 Myotis septentrionalis (northern myotis), 7 Myotis leibii (eastern small-footed myotis), 1,441 Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle), and 15 Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). Myotis soda/is hibernated in thermally stable areas of 7 9°C. The largest concentration of M lucifugus (n = 4,280) hibernated in an area that was cooler (6.5°C) than areas used by M soda/is. The remaining 6,300 M lucifugus hibernated at temperatures similar to, or slightly cooler than, temperatures used by M soda/is. Intra-cave (and possibly inter-cave) movements of M lucifugus and M soda/is during the season of hibernation concentrated bats in cooler areas of the caves. An unusually large concentration of P. subjlavus (n = 920) hibernated in Coon Cave in a warm (8.6 9.7°C), stable environment. Proportions of species of bats captured during spring staging and autumn swarming varied from proportions found during winter hibernation. Mating and perhaps other social functions affect patterns of autumn use. No concentration of bats used the caves during","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76584361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, D. Bobori, R. Hale, Jennifer Jones
Objectives were to conduct screening level surveys oflocally consumed fish tissues in vicinities of two lakes (Kastoria and Pamvotis) in Greece to determine the presence of halogenated organic compounds and determine carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks associated with the consumption of sampled fish tissues. Results estimate the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCR) and Hazard Index (HI) values for the two local populations using site-specific population data. These results were compared to analyses conducted using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency default values in an effort to determine the applicability of USEP A default values to assessments of risks in non U.S. populations. Using site specific data, 87 % of the mean ILCRs calculated for total populations and sub-populations (i.e. female adult, female youth, male adult and male youth) consuming fishes from the two lakes we studied were above USEPA' s acceptable cancer risk of l .OE-06; 53 % of the mean Hls were greater than 1.0. The USEPA default value (0.054 kg/d) for ingestion rate (IR) is considerably lower than the mean site specific IRs derived from populations in vicinity of Lake Kastoria (0.20; min.=0.09; max.=0.29 kg/d) and Lake Pamvotis (0.10; min.=0.01 ; max.=0.21 kg/d). These differences point to the need for the development of default values specific to the regions and population consumption patterns within
{"title":"Assessment of Human Health Risks from Chemically Contaminated Lake Fishes In Greece","authors":"E. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, D. Bobori, R. Hale, Jennifer Jones","doi":"10.25778/16EY-QK29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/16EY-QK29","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives were to conduct screening level surveys oflocally consumed fish tissues in vicinities of two lakes (Kastoria and Pamvotis) in Greece to determine the presence of halogenated organic compounds and determine carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks associated with the consumption of sampled fish tissues. Results estimate the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCR) and Hazard Index (HI) values for the two local populations using site-specific population data. These results were compared to analyses conducted using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency default values in an effort to determine the applicability of USEP A default values to assessments of risks in non U.S. populations. Using site specific data, 87 % of the mean ILCRs calculated for total populations and sub-populations (i.e. female adult, female youth, male adult and male youth) consuming fishes from the two lakes we studied were above USEPA' s acceptable cancer risk of l .OE-06; 53 % of the mean Hls were greater than 1.0. The USEPA default value (0.054 kg/d) for ingestion rate (IR) is considerably lower than the mean site specific IRs derived from populations in vicinity of Lake Kastoria (0.20; min.=0.09; max.=0.29 kg/d) and Lake Pamvotis (0.10; min.=0.01 ; max.=0.21 kg/d). These differences point to the need for the development of default values specific to the regions and population consumption patterns within","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84569054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary objective of this study is to document differences between image characteristics of two sources (illustrations in Na ville, 1898; and images in the cast of the relief at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) of the Punt relief from the temple ofHatshepsut at Deir El-Bahri . Our second is to compare cast images to photographs of the original relief. Characteristics of 30 species in the illustrations were described and compared to descriptions of the corresponding 30 species photographed from the cast at VMF A. The number of differences and similarities were recorded for each pair of corresponding icons and used to calculate percent difference hypothesized to be zero. Compared to cast images, all illustrations contained errors. Total average difference in the 30 icon comparisons was 43.5 % (s.d.=18.5; range= l4.390.0% ). Average number of errors between 300 external characteristics of cast images and illustrations was 4.5 (s.d.=2.16; range= l-9). Over 76% of the illustrations had three or more errors. Cast images were comparable to those in the original relief containing only 5 errors ( 1.6% ). Results of a paired t-test indicated that the average character difference ( 41.8) between illustrations and cast and cast and relief was significant (t= 13.96; p>t=0.0001).We reject the hypothesis that there are no differences between illustrations and photographs of casts of aquatic species on Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari, but accept the hypothesis that cast images are an accurate representation of the original relief depicted in photographs of Meyer ( 1913 ).
本研究的主要目的是记录两种来源的图像特征之间的差异(纳维尔插图，1898;以及弗吉尼亚美术博物馆(VMFA)在代尔巴里哈特谢普苏特神庙(hatshepsut temple of Deir El-Bahri)的庞特浮雕上的图像。我们的第二项工作是将铸模图像与原始浮雕的照片进行比较。描述了插图中30个物种的特征，并将其与VMF a剧组拍摄的对应30个物种的描述进行了比较。记录每对对应图标的差异和相似性数量，并用于计算假设为零的差异百分比。与铸模图像相比，所有插图都存在错误。30个图标比较的总平均差异为43.5% (sd =18.5;区间= l4.390.0%)。铸型图像与插图的300个外部特征之间的平均误差数为4.5(标准差=2.16;范围= l-9)。超过76%的插图有三个或更多的错误。铸模图像与原始浮雕图像相比较，仅包含5个错误(1.6%)。配对t检验结果显示，插图与石膏、石膏与浮雕的平均字符差异(41.8)显著(t= 13.96;p > t = 0.0001)。我们拒绝这样一种假设，即代尔巴哈里哈特谢普苏特神庙的水族浮雕上的插图和照片没有区别，但我们接受这样一种假设，即浮雕图像准确地反映了Meyer(1913)照片中描绘的原始浮雕。
{"title":"Comparison of Aquatic Life Depicted in Illustrations and Plaster Casts of the Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari","authors":"Emily Lord, E. Maurakis","doi":"10.25778/9rvz-px68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/9rvz-px68","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study is to document differences between image characteristics of two sources (illustrations in Na ville, 1898; and images in the cast of the relief at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) of the Punt relief from the temple ofHatshepsut at Deir El-Bahri . Our second is to compare cast images to photographs of the original relief. Characteristics of 30 species in the illustrations were described and compared to descriptions of the corresponding 30 species photographed from the cast at VMF A. The number of differences and similarities were recorded for each pair of corresponding icons and used to calculate percent difference hypothesized to be zero. Compared to cast images, all illustrations contained errors. Total average difference in the 30 icon comparisons was 43.5 % (s.d.=18.5; range= l4.390.0% ). Average number of errors between 300 external characteristics of cast images and illustrations was 4.5 (s.d.=2.16; range= l-9). Over 76% of the illustrations had three or more errors. Cast images were comparable to those in the original relief containing only 5 errors ( 1.6% ). Results of a paired t-test indicated that the average character difference ( 41.8) between illustrations and cast and cast and relief was significant (t= 13.96; p>t=0.0001).We reject the hypothesis that there are no differences between illustrations and photographs of casts of aquatic species on Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari, but accept the hypothesis that cast images are an accurate representation of the original relief depicted in photographs of Meyer ( 1913 ).","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82513161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virginia Journal of Science Volume 56 Number 3 Fall 2005 Fish Consumption Patterns of Populations in Vicinities of Lake Kastoria and Lake Pamvotis, Greece Eugene G. Maurakis, 1,2,3 David V. Grimes,4 and Dimitra Bobori 5 lScience Museum ofVirginia, 2500 W. Broad St., Richmond, VA 24542 2School of Continuing Studies, University of Richmond, VA 23173 3School of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, 4Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 4949 A Cox road, Glen Allen, VA 23060 5Department of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece 54006. ABSTRACT Objectives are to establish fish consumption patterns of populations in vicinities of two lakes (Kastoria and Pamvotis) in Greece for use in the assessment of risks associated with consumption of fishes in these agrichemically impaired lakes. Parameters measured were demographics (i.e., gender, age, weight, education level, occupation, residency), freshwater fish eating frequency, species and sizes of fishes consumed, and fish consumption habits [i.e., quantity, parts, and preparation method). All annual mean sitespecific consumption rates of the four gender-age class sub-populations surveyed in vicinity of Lake Kastoria (avg.range= 0.103-0.29 kg/day) exceed those of Greece (0.066 kg/day), EU (0.068 kg/day), Spain (0.104 kg/day), Portugal (0.159 kg/day), and the USEPA default value (0.054 kg/day) with two exceptions. Female consumption rates (0.087-0.103 kg/day) of Perea fluviatilis were below annual consumption rates of Spain and Portugal. Similarly, annual mean site-specific consumption rates of Anguilla anguilla and Cyprinus carpio by male (0.199-0.210 kg/day) and female adults (0.0960.157 kg/day) in vicinity of Lake Pamvotis exceeded those of Greece, EU, Spain, Portugal, and the USEP A default value. Survey results indicate bettereducated Greeks to be higher consumers offish; however, market availability appears to be a stronger determinant of food choice in comparison to health education. All populations in vicinities of both lakes preferred to eat fried fishes with one exception: grilled C. carpio from Lake Pamvotis was preferred by female and male adults.
{"title":"Fish Consumption Patterns of Populations in Vicinities of Lake Kastoria and Lake Pamvotis, Greece","authors":"E. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, D. Bobori","doi":"10.25778/1RHG-SQ88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/1RHG-SQ88","url":null,"abstract":"Virginia Journal of Science Volume 56 Number 3 Fall 2005 Fish Consumption Patterns of Populations in Vicinities of Lake Kastoria and Lake Pamvotis, Greece Eugene G. Maurakis, 1,2,3 David V. Grimes,4 and Dimitra Bobori 5 lScience Museum ofVirginia, 2500 W. Broad St., Richmond, VA 24542 2School of Continuing Studies, University of Richmond, VA 23173 3School of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, 4Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 4949 A Cox road, Glen Allen, VA 23060 5Department of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece 54006. ABSTRACT Objectives are to establish fish consumption patterns of populations in vicinities of two lakes (Kastoria and Pamvotis) in Greece for use in the assessment of risks associated with consumption of fishes in these agrichemically impaired lakes. Parameters measured were demographics (i.e., gender, age, weight, education level, occupation, residency), freshwater fish eating frequency, species and sizes of fishes consumed, and fish consumption habits [i.e., quantity, parts, and preparation method). All annual mean sitespecific consumption rates of the four gender-age class sub-populations surveyed in vicinity of Lake Kastoria (avg.range= 0.103-0.29 kg/day) exceed those of Greece (0.066 kg/day), EU (0.068 kg/day), Spain (0.104 kg/day), Portugal (0.159 kg/day), and the USEPA default value (0.054 kg/day) with two exceptions. Female consumption rates (0.087-0.103 kg/day) of Perea fluviatilis were below annual consumption rates of Spain and Portugal. Similarly, annual mean site-specific consumption rates of Anguilla anguilla and Cyprinus carpio by male (0.199-0.210 kg/day) and female adults (0.0960.157 kg/day) in vicinity of Lake Pamvotis exceeded those of Greece, EU, Spain, Portugal, and the USEP A default value. Survey results indicate bettereducated Greeks to be higher consumers offish; however, market availability appears to be a stronger determinant of food choice in comparison to health education. All populations in vicinities of both lakes preferred to eat fried fishes with one exception: grilled C. carpio from Lake Pamvotis was preferred by female and male adults.","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytoplankton composition and the range of seasonal patterns of abundance are presented for the tidal freshwater regions in two Virginia rivers based on data accumulated monthly from 1986 through 1999. Diatoms dominated the flora during sprir).g, summer, and fall, whereas, other taxonomic categories were more representative when the river flow rates decreased, allowing for a more stable water system and increased residency time within this tidal region during summer and early fall. This summer/fall period was associated with increased water temperatures, higher productivity rates and chlorophyll levels, increased total phytoplankton abundance and species diversity. The major components of the summer flora were autotrophic picoplankton, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria. Mean, maximum, and minimum monthly abundance figures are given for the different phytoplankton categories, and total phytoplankton biomass and abundance, over this 13-year period. Although one station showed considerable influx of oligohaline water into its tidal freshwater region during sampling, no significant relationships were associated with phytoplankton biomass or productivity to these changing salinities.
{"title":"Phytoplankton Development Within Tidal Freshwater Regions of Two Virginia Rivers, USA","authors":"H. Marshall, L. Burchardt","doi":"10.25778/ZX96-4929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/ZX96-4929","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton composition and the range of seasonal patterns of abundance are presented for the tidal freshwater regions in two Virginia rivers based on data accumulated monthly from 1986 through 1999. Diatoms dominated the flora during sprir).g, summer, and fall, whereas, other taxonomic categories were more representative when the river flow rates decreased, allowing for a more stable water system and increased residency time within this tidal region during summer and early fall. This summer/fall period was associated with increased water temperatures, higher productivity rates and chlorophyll levels, increased total phytoplankton abundance and species diversity. The major components of the summer flora were autotrophic picoplankton, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria. Mean, maximum, and minimum monthly abundance figures are given for the different phytoplankton categories, and total phytoplankton biomass and abundance, over this 13-year period. Although one station showed considerable influx of oligohaline water into its tidal freshwater region during sampling, no significant relationships were associated with phytoplankton biomass or productivity to these changing salinities.","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83605275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Brief Note on the Authorship of the First Flora Virginica: Clayton, Gronovius, and Linnaeus","authors":"J. Stemmler","doi":"10.25778/RVVY-D538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/RVVY-D538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83911730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Keyser, David J. Sausville, W. Ford, D. J. Schwab, Partick H. Brose
As part of a larger study examining the role of prescribed fire in regenerating upland oaks (Quercus spp.), seasonal prescribed burns (winter, spring, summer, and unburned control) were applied to first-stage shelterwood-harvested stands on Horsepen Wildlife Management Area in the Virginia Piedmont in 1995. Because fire impacts are poorly documented for herpetofaunal communities, we surveyed these stands in 1996 capturing 133 individuals of ten species during over 12,720 pitfall trapnights. We found no significant differences in relative abundance of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) (P = 0.26), American Toads (Bufo americanus (P = 0.93), or all amphibians combined (P = 0.25) among unburned shelterwood stands and those treated with winter, spring, or summer burns. Three species of reptiles (Northern Fence Lizard [Sceloporus undulatus], Ground Skink [Scincella lateralis], and Southeastern Five-lined Skink [Eumeces inexpectatus]) combined were captured more frequently in burned versus unburned stands (P = 0.02). Based on a stepwise multiple regression model, Eastern Red-backed Salamander captures were more strongly influenced by landscape variables (P = 0.0320), including distance to permanent water and mesic (i.e., eastern-northern) aspects, than by fire treatments (P = 0.26). Similar landscape models were not significant (P < 0.05) for toads or reptiles. Based on these results, prescribed fire may not be detrimental to herpetofaunal communities in oak dominated forests in the Virginia Piedmont.
{"title":"Prescribed Fire Impacts to Amphibians and Reptiles in Shelterwood-harvested Oak-dominated Forests","authors":"P. Keyser, David J. Sausville, W. Ford, D. J. Schwab, Partick H. Brose","doi":"10.25778/BNZF-1K41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/BNZF-1K41","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a larger study examining the role of prescribed fire in regenerating upland oaks (Quercus spp.), seasonal prescribed burns (winter, spring, summer, and unburned control) were applied to first-stage shelterwood-harvested stands on Horsepen Wildlife Management Area in the Virginia Piedmont in 1995. Because fire impacts are poorly documented for herpetofaunal communities, we surveyed these stands in 1996 capturing 133 individuals of ten species during over 12,720 pitfall trapnights. We found no significant differences in relative abundance of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) (P = 0.26), American Toads (Bufo americanus (P = 0.93), or all amphibians combined (P = 0.25) among unburned shelterwood stands and those treated with winter, spring, or summer burns. Three species of reptiles (Northern Fence Lizard [Sceloporus undulatus], Ground Skink [Scincella lateralis], and Southeastern Five-lined Skink [Eumeces inexpectatus]) combined were captured more frequently in burned versus unburned stands (P = 0.02). Based on a stepwise multiple regression model, Eastern Red-backed Salamander captures were more strongly influenced by landscape variables (P = 0.0320), including distance to permanent water and mesic (i.e., eastern-northern) aspects, than by fire treatments (P = 0.26). Similar landscape models were not significant (P < 0.05) for toads or reptiles. Based on these results, prescribed fire may not be detrimental to herpetofaunal communities in oak dominated forests in the Virginia Piedmont.","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76830824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungus-grass associations recognized in Virginia from 1995 to 2003 are recorded. Many associations are new to the United States (59), eastern United States (2), and Virginia (21 ); others extend the known distribution for those previously discovered. These reports contribute to the natural history of Virginia. INTRODUCTION This report describes collections of fungi identified on members of Poaceae in Virginia since 1995 when such collections were last described (Roane & Roane, 1994, 1996, 1997). Our objectives and procedures were described in those reports but will be summarized here. When a grass bearing fungi was studied, samples were incubated 2 4 days in a moist chamber, and all sporulating fungi were identified using manuals and monographs cited. Any fungus not listed by Farr et al. (1989) and Farr et al. (no date) was presumed to be a new record for the U.S.A. (NR, U), east of the Mississippi (NR, EU), or for Virginia (NR, V). Most of the fungi found have been described before on some host but a new host for a fungus implies a new record. No fungi were cultured and no attempt was made to establish or prove pathogenicity; only presence was established. Where material was adequate, a dried original specimen was preserved along with dried incubated material. An acquisition number was assigned to each collection; R00-10 refers to collection 10 of 2000. Plant Clinic numbers refer to the year and specimen number sent to the V.P.I. & S.U. Plant Clinic (ex.: PL Cl. 00-351). Since no fungi were cultured, in general, nomenclature of grasses and fungi presented by Farr et al. ( 1989) was followed. Later revisions of nomenclature are noted. Because of their frequency in the text, Roane and Roane will be cited as R & R, Shoemaker and Babcock as S & B, and Ellis and Ellis as E & E; these are listed completely in the references. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Syn., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski quackgrass Ascomycotina: Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.) Tul., ergot. As stated previously (R & R, 1996), this fungus is widespread on A. repens; pseudosclerotia are readily observed on spikes approaching maturity. A specimen collected July 11, 2003 was received from a Fairfax Co. horse farm with the complaint that 30 horses were having neurological incoordination in early June, a time too early for the appearance of ergot peudosclerotia (R03-16, Pl. Cl. 03-689). Thus, horses were not suffering from ergotism. An additional collection was made July 22, 2003 near the Norfolk Southern Rwy. and Rt. 660 Virginia Jou nal of Sc ence, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2004 http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/vjs/vol55/iss4 140 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in Montgomery Co.; two other fungi were identified in this collection (R03-l 9). See below. Phaeosphaeria tritici (Garov.) Hedjar. was identified on collection R03-19 (see above). Ascospores were typical of Phaeosphaeria spp., being 13-21 X 3-5 μm, 3-septate, enlarged penultimate cell (S & B, 1985, p.1536). (NR, U). This fungus was found on Aegilops cy
记录了1995年至2003年在弗吉尼亚州确认的真菌-草协会。许多协会在美国(59个)、美国东部(2个)和弗吉尼亚州(21个)都是新的;其他的扩展了已知的分布为那些以前发现的。这些报告有助于了解弗吉尼亚的自然历史。本报告描述了自1995年以来在弗吉尼亚州的Poaceae成员上鉴定的真菌集合，这是该集合的最后一次描述(Roane & Roane, 1994,1996,1997)。我们的目标和程序已在这些报告中加以说明，但将在这里加以总结。当研究一种草生真菌时，样品在潮湿的室内培养24天，所有的孢子真菌都是根据引用的手册和专著进行鉴定的。任何未被Farr et al.(1989)和Farr et al.(没有日期)列出的真菌都被认为是美国(NR, U)，密西西比河东部(NR, EU)或弗吉尼亚州(NR, V)的新记录。大多数发现的真菌之前已经在某些宿主上被描述过，但真菌的新宿主意味着新的记录。没有培养真菌，也没有试图建立或证明致病性;只有存在是确定的。在材料充足的情况下，将干燥的原始标本与干燥的孵育材料一起保存。为每个藏品分配了一个采集编号;R00-10指的是2000年的第10集。植物诊所编号是指送到V.P.I. & S.U.植物诊所的年份和标本编号(例如:PL Cl. 00-351)。由于没有培养真菌，一般采用Farr et al.(1989)提出的禾草和真菌命名法。注意到后来对命名法的修订。由于他们在文本中的频率，Roane和Roane将被引用为R & R, Shoemaker和Babcock被引用为S & B, Ellis和Ellis被引用为E & E;这些都在参考文献中完整列出。农草(L.)测定。译:Elytrigia repens (L.)子囊菌纲:Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.)图尔。麦角碱。如前所述(r&r, 1996)，这种真菌广泛存在于A. repens;在接近成熟的穗上很容易观察到假柄。2003年7月11日，费尔法克斯公司的马场收到了一份标本，其中有30匹马在6月初出现神经失调，这对麦角病的出现来说太早了(R03-16, Pl. Cl. 03-689)。因此，马没有患上麦角症。2003年7月22日，在诺福克南路附近又进行了一次收藏。和r . 660弗吉尼亚科学杂志，第55卷，第4期，2004年http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/vjs/vol55/iss4 140弗吉尼亚科学杂志在蒙哥马利公司;另外两种真菌在这个集合中被鉴定(r03 - l9)。见下文。褐藻(加洛夫)Hedjar。在收集R03-19(见上文)中发现。Phaeosphaeria spp.的子囊孢子为13-21 X 3-5 μm, 3隔，第2位细胞增大(S & B, 1985, p.1536)。(NR, U).这种真菌分别于1995年(R & R, 1996)和2003年(P. anicum virgatum)在Aegilops圆柱体a上和P. virgatum上被发现。担子菌:罗伯。Desm。， II, III，于2003年7月22日在660号街和n.s.r way附近收集。蒙哥马利公司(R03-19)。显然，这种真菌广泛存在于阿巴拉契亚高地的草地上。已在大约20个物种上收集到它(R & R, 1996, 1997)。腔肠菌纲:Stagonospora nodorum(伯克)演员阵容。和生殖。2003年8月24日，在Giles Co.通讯塔区域的Butt山上(R03-29)采集了导致叶片斑点和尖端枯萎的一种真菌。这种真菌长期以来被称为Septoria nodorum Berk。它有时对小麦非常有害，尤其是它是引起麦穗斑点病的原因。r&r(1996, 1997)对其他8种牧草也进行了报道。当一个人试图识别出Agrostis的种类时，有三个物种难以区分(a) a . alba， (b) a . gigantea和(c) a .。多茎目。在Farr et al(1989)中，a和c是同义词;B是红草，c是蔓生的弯草。Roane(1991)将a和c列为不同的物种，但不承认b。在Fernald (1950) a包括c;A和b是不同的。希区柯克和蔡斯(1950)承认a和c，但不承认b。V.P.I. & s.u.梅西植物标本馆馆长j·维博尔特(J. Wieboldt)说，我更喜欢用b来称呼这三个人。这是唯一的名字出现在阿特拉斯Qf弗吉尼亚埃罗拉(哈维尔，1992年)。在真菌列表中，Agrostis spp.按编号编号:1。草草。2. A. gigantea Roth(包括A. alba L.， A. palustris Huds)。， A. stolonifera L.)红顶，匍匐的弯草…3.A. hiemalis (Walter) B.S.P.(也拼作A. hyemalis)毛草，冬弯草。4. A.多年生植物(沃尔特)塔克。秋天bentgrass。5. b .网球;(= A. capillaris)殖民地的弯草。子囊菌:由Farr等人在弗吉尼亚报道的引起弯曲草和其他草斑的菌核菌。 (1989)在1,2,5上引用了Sprague(1950)作为来源。虽然我没有收集它，但多年来植物诊所收到了一些标本。担子菌门:冠状锈菌。， II, III，冠锈病，于2003年8月24日在Giles公司Butt mt通讯塔区域2采集(R03-33a)。Farr et al.(1989)将Agrostis spp列为肯塔基州和西弗吉尼亚州的宿主，而不是弗吉尼亚州。r&r(1996)在2号和4号报道了它。有限公司(N
{"title":"Graminicolous Fungi of Virginia: Fungi in Collections 1995-2003","authors":"C. W. Roane","doi":"10.25778/TSWM-CD86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/TSWM-CD86","url":null,"abstract":"Fungus-grass associations recognized in Virginia from 1995 to 2003 are recorded. Many associations are new to the United States (59), eastern United States (2), and Virginia (21 ); others extend the known distribution for those previously discovered. These reports contribute to the natural history of Virginia. INTRODUCTION This report describes collections of fungi identified on members of Poaceae in Virginia since 1995 when such collections were last described (Roane & Roane, 1994, 1996, 1997). Our objectives and procedures were described in those reports but will be summarized here. When a grass bearing fungi was studied, samples were incubated 2 4 days in a moist chamber, and all sporulating fungi were identified using manuals and monographs cited. Any fungus not listed by Farr et al. (1989) and Farr et al. (no date) was presumed to be a new record for the U.S.A. (NR, U), east of the Mississippi (NR, EU), or for Virginia (NR, V). Most of the fungi found have been described before on some host but a new host for a fungus implies a new record. No fungi were cultured and no attempt was made to establish or prove pathogenicity; only presence was established. Where material was adequate, a dried original specimen was preserved along with dried incubated material. An acquisition number was assigned to each collection; R00-10 refers to collection 10 of 2000. Plant Clinic numbers refer to the year and specimen number sent to the V.P.I. & S.U. Plant Clinic (ex.: PL Cl. 00-351). Since no fungi were cultured, in general, nomenclature of grasses and fungi presented by Farr et al. ( 1989) was followed. Later revisions of nomenclature are noted. Because of their frequency in the text, Roane and Roane will be cited as R & R, Shoemaker and Babcock as S & B, and Ellis and Ellis as E & E; these are listed completely in the references. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Syn., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski quackgrass Ascomycotina: Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.) Tul., ergot. As stated previously (R & R, 1996), this fungus is widespread on A. repens; pseudosclerotia are readily observed on spikes approaching maturity. A specimen collected July 11, 2003 was received from a Fairfax Co. horse farm with the complaint that 30 horses were having neurological incoordination in early June, a time too early for the appearance of ergot peudosclerotia (R03-16, Pl. Cl. 03-689). Thus, horses were not suffering from ergotism. An additional collection was made July 22, 2003 near the Norfolk Southern Rwy. and Rt. 660 Virginia Jou nal of Sc ence, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2004 http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/vjs/vol55/iss4 140 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in Montgomery Co.; two other fungi were identified in this collection (R03-l 9). See below. Phaeosphaeria tritici (Garov.) Hedjar. was identified on collection R03-19 (see above). Ascospores were typical of Phaeosphaeria spp., being 13-21 X 3-5 μm, 3-septate, enlarged penultimate cell (S & B, 1985, p.1536). (NR, U). This fungus was found on Aegilops cy","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This publication is designed to function as a tool for the identification of the mammal species that occur on the Coastal Plain of northern Virginia. We provide whole-body and skull keys to the 40 species that occur in this region. Baseline data for this work were collected during several studies conducted on Fort A. P. Hill, Caroline County. The intended audience includes interested naturalists, teachers, students, field biologists, and natural resource managers. INTRODUCTION These keys address all native land mammal species with geographic ranges that include Fort A. P. Hill (APH), Caroline County, Virginia, and nearby portions of the northern Coastal Plain. The species are representative of the mammal fauna of the northern Coastal Plain of Virginia. APH is centered approximately 77° 15' N and 38° 05' Wand is about 15 km east of the Fall Line-the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic regions. The current landscape consists of a mosaic of managed habitats that range from old field to mature hardwood forest (Mitchell and Roble, 1998; Bellows et al., 2001 c ). Baseline data for this work were collected as part of several studies conducted on APH ( e.g., Bellows et al., 1999; Bellows and Mitchell, 2000; Bellows et al., 2001 a, 2001 b ). Bellows et al. (2001 c) provide descriptions of the biologies, ecologies, and distributions of the 40 indigenous species we address herein, as well as descriptions of watershed drainages, climate, and habitats of the region. The presence of 38 mammal species on APH has been verified through direct observation or voucher specimens. One bat species, Myotis austroriparius, was identified by examination (ASB) and by photograph (David Webster, University of North Carolina at Wilmington). Mustelafrenata has not been captured or observed; however, APH is well within its geographic range (Hall, 1981) and its presence on the post is likely. The range of another species included in the keys, Blarina carolinensis, does not include APH, but it is found nearby to the north and east in the Northern Nec·k (Tate et al., 1980; Pagels and French, 1987). Native species Sigmodon hispidus and Ochrotomys nuttalli with range limits nearby the project area, as well as the known introduced species Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus, are not included herein. These species are described in Bellows et al. (2001c). Corresponding author: (Phone) 804-828-0076, jpagels@mail l .vcu.edu 4 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE MAMMALS DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING KEYS Notations on abundance are based on various studies at APH unless otherwise noted. Vernacular names follow Jones et al. (1997). Didelphis virginiana, Virginia opossum ( common) Sorex hoyi, pygmy shrew (common) Sorex longirostris, southeastern shrew (common) Blarina brevicauda, northern short-tailed shrew (abundant) Blarina carolinensis, southern short-tailed shrew (see text above) Cryptotis parva, least shrew ( common) Sea/opus aquaticus, eastern mole (probably c
鼩鼱很健康
{"title":"Keys to the Mammals and Mammal Skulls of the Northern Coastal Plain of Virginia","authors":"J. F. Pagels, A. Bellows, J. Mitchell","doi":"10.25778/9e9y-n882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/9e9y-n882","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is designed to function as a tool for the identification of the mammal species that occur on the Coastal Plain of northern Virginia. We provide whole-body and skull keys to the 40 species that occur in this region. Baseline data for this work were collected during several studies conducted on Fort A. P. Hill, Caroline County. The intended audience includes interested naturalists, teachers, students, field biologists, and natural resource managers. INTRODUCTION These keys address all native land mammal species with geographic ranges that include Fort A. P. Hill (APH), Caroline County, Virginia, and nearby portions of the northern Coastal Plain. The species are representative of the mammal fauna of the northern Coastal Plain of Virginia. APH is centered approximately 77° 15' N and 38° 05' Wand is about 15 km east of the Fall Line-the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic regions. The current landscape consists of a mosaic of managed habitats that range from old field to mature hardwood forest (Mitchell and Roble, 1998; Bellows et al., 2001 c ). Baseline data for this work were collected as part of several studies conducted on APH ( e.g., Bellows et al., 1999; Bellows and Mitchell, 2000; Bellows et al., 2001 a, 2001 b ). Bellows et al. (2001 c) provide descriptions of the biologies, ecologies, and distributions of the 40 indigenous species we address herein, as well as descriptions of watershed drainages, climate, and habitats of the region. The presence of 38 mammal species on APH has been verified through direct observation or voucher specimens. One bat species, Myotis austroriparius, was identified by examination (ASB) and by photograph (David Webster, University of North Carolina at Wilmington). Mustelafrenata has not been captured or observed; however, APH is well within its geographic range (Hall, 1981) and its presence on the post is likely. The range of another species included in the keys, Blarina carolinensis, does not include APH, but it is found nearby to the north and east in the Northern Nec·k (Tate et al., 1980; Pagels and French, 1987). Native species Sigmodon hispidus and Ochrotomys nuttalli with range limits nearby the project area, as well as the known introduced species Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus, are not included herein. These species are described in Bellows et al. (2001c). Corresponding author: (Phone) 804-828-0076, jpagels@mail l .vcu.edu 4 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE MAMMALS DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING KEYS Notations on abundance are based on various studies at APH unless otherwise noted. Vernacular names follow Jones et al. (1997). Didelphis virginiana, Virginia opossum ( common) Sorex hoyi, pygmy shrew (common) Sorex longirostris, southeastern shrew (common) Blarina brevicauda, northern short-tailed shrew (abundant) Blarina carolinensis, southern short-tailed shrew (see text above) Cryptotis parva, least shrew ( common) Sea/opus aquaticus, eastern mole (probably c","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73215173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The European Environmental Agency formulated a biodiversity initiative in 1996 specifying a freshwater stream-monitoring program to inventory, identify and describe aquatic and terrestrial species in European Union countries. With one of the richest freshwater ichthyofaunas in Europe (126 fish taxa: 97 species and 29 subspecies of primary or secondary freshwater fishes), Greece has two extinct fish species, five listed as critically endangered, and 29 considered endangered and/or vulnerable. There are, however, no published identification guides that are available for identifying fish specimens from fresh waters in Greece. We present an English translation of the only available identification key (in Greek) to 97 fish species (20 families) in fresh waters of Greece. Our intent is to create an illustrated identification guide in the future as new species are identified and ranges of all lotic and lentic species are clarified. In the interim, we believe that the current guide can be used effectively in the field to reduce the number of voucher specimens required to authenticate inventories of the freshwater ichthyofauna of Greece as repeated heavy sampling has the potential to decimate local populations that are already vulnerable.
{"title":"Identification Key to Fishes in Fresh Waters of Greece","authors":"E. Maurakis, P. Economidis","doi":"10.25778/57HQ-AC78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25778/57HQ-AC78","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The European Environmental Agency formulated a biodiversity initiative in 1996 specifying a freshwater stream-monitoring program to inventory, identify and describe aquatic and terrestrial species in European Union countries. With one of the richest freshwater ichthyofaunas in Europe (126 fish taxa: 97 species and 29 subspecies of primary or secondary freshwater fishes), Greece has two extinct fish species, five listed as critically endangered, and 29 considered endangered and/or vulnerable. There are, however, no published identification guides that are available for identifying fish specimens from fresh waters in Greece. We present an English translation of the only available identification key (in Greek) to 97 fish species (20 families) in fresh waters of Greece. Our intent is to create an illustrated identification guide in the future as new species are identified and ranges of all lotic and lentic species are clarified. In the interim, we believe that the current guide can be used effectively in the field to reduce the number of voucher specimens required to authenticate inventories of the freshwater ichthyofauna of Greece as repeated heavy sampling has the potential to decimate local populations that are already vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":23516,"journal":{"name":"Virginia journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83962940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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