Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-37-42
V. A. Kharchenko, N. А. Golubkina, L. Skrypnik, O. Murariu, G. Caruso
Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).
{"title":"Peculiarities of biochemical and mineral composition of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. grown from seeds after long-term storage in the International Space Station","authors":"V. A. Kharchenko, N. А. Golubkina, L. Skrypnik, O. Murariu, G. Caruso","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-37-42","url":null,"abstract":" Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-51-57
E. Yanchenko, M. Ivanova, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, A. A. Gryzunov, S. V. Belova, A. V. Yanchenko
Relevance. In order to expand the range of food products for the crews of the International Space Station (ISS), studies have been conducted on the specifics of developing natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes. The aim is to evaluate new broccoli hybrids as raw materials for the production of natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes of increased nutritional value and high degree of readiness for consumption, including components of children's, dietary and cosmonaut nutrition. Methods. The objects of the study were 6 new broccoli hybrids (2 hybrids of domestic and 4 of foreign breeding). Results. In domestic hybrids F1 (Detskiy delikates, Macho), the average vitamin C content in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder of a high degree of readiness for consumption was 1.66 times higher than in foreign hybrids. The highest vitamin C content was noted in the domestic hybrid children's delicacy 419.4 mg %. β-carotene was best preserved in the hybrids F1 Detskiy delikates (2.58 mg %), F1 Macho (2.56 mg %), as well as in the hybrid F1 Batavia (2.52 mg %). The amount of sugars in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder was on average 1.17 times higher in domestic hybrids than in foreign ones. At the same time, some foreign hybrids showed a high level of accumulation. So the largest accumulation of the sum of sugars was in the F1 Lord (12.85 %). A high level of sugar content was also observed in F1 Macho (12.84 %) and F1 Detskiy delikates (11.63 %). The F1 Fiesta accumulated the least nitrates (77.1 mg/kg). According to organoleptic indicators, the F1 Detskiy delikates has been identified. High organoleptic indices were also noted in the F1 Macho and the F1 Batavia.
相关性。为了扩大国际空间站（ISS）机组人员的食品范围，对开发冻干菜粉末状天然调味蔬菜添加剂的具体情况进行了研究。 目的是评估以新的西兰花杂交种为原料生产粉末状天然调味蔬菜添加剂的情况，这种添加剂用于冻干菜肴，提高了菜肴的营养价值和食用便利性，包括儿童营养、膳食营养和宇航员营养。 研究方法研究对象是 6 个新的西兰花杂交种（2 个国内杂交种和 4 个国外杂交种）。 结果。在国产杂交种 F1（Detskiy delikates、Macho）中，天然调味蔬菜添加剂中维生素 C 的平均含量是国外杂交种的 1.66 倍。杂交种 F1 Detskiy delikates（2.58 毫克 %）、F1 Macho（2.56 毫克 %）以及杂交种 F1 Batavia（2.52 毫克 %）中的β-胡萝卜素保存得最好。在冻干粉形式的天然调味蔬菜添加剂中，国产杂交种的糖含量平均是国外杂交种的 1.17 倍。同时，一些国外杂交种的积累水平也很高。因此，糖分总和累积量最大的是 F1 主（12.85%）。F1 Macho（12.84 %）和 F1 Detskiy delikates（11.63 %）的含糖量也很高。F1 Fiesta 的硝酸盐含量最低（77.1 毫克/千克）。根据感官指标，确定了 F1 Detskiy delikates。F1 Macho 和 F1 Batavia 的感官指标也很高。
{"title":"Freeze drying as a way to preserve the quality of vegetables to create functional products","authors":"E. Yanchenko, M. Ivanova, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, A. A. Gryzunov, S. V. Belova, A. V. Yanchenko","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-51-57","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. In order to expand the range of food products for the crews of the International Space Station (ISS), studies have been conducted on the specifics of developing natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes. The aim is to evaluate new broccoli hybrids as raw materials for the production of natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes of increased nutritional value and high degree of readiness for consumption, including components of children's, dietary and cosmonaut nutrition. Methods. The objects of the study were 6 new broccoli hybrids (2 hybrids of domestic and 4 of foreign breeding). Results. In domestic hybrids F1 (Detskiy delikates, Macho), the average vitamin C content in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder of a high degree of readiness for consumption was 1.66 times higher than in foreign hybrids. The highest vitamin C content was noted in the domestic hybrid children's delicacy 419.4 mg %. β-carotene was best preserved in the hybrids F1 Detskiy delikates (2.58 mg %), F1 Macho (2.56 mg %), as well as in the hybrid F1 Batavia (2.52 mg %). The amount of sugars in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder was on average 1.17 times higher in domestic hybrids than in foreign ones. At the same time, some foreign hybrids showed a high level of accumulation. So the largest accumulation of the sum of sugars was in the F1 Lord (12.85 %). A high level of sugar content was also observed in F1 Macho (12.84 %) and F1 Detskiy delikates (11.63 %). The F1 Fiesta accumulated the least nitrates (77.1 mg/kg). According to organoleptic indicators, the F1 Detskiy delikates has been identified. High organoleptic indices were also noted in the F1 Macho and the F1 Batavia.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-58-64
A. Molchanova, I. Y. Kondratyeva
Relevance. Tomato pink-fruit cultivars and hybrids are of interest for fresh consumption. The biochemical parameters are influenced by the varietal factor and by the growing conditions. It is known that mature tomatoes record low storability. The softening of the fruit is caused by ethylene produced in the ripening fruit. Then pectinase enzymes are synthesized in the fruit tissues, under the action of which the cell walls of the fruit soften. Breeders are creating tomato cultivars whose fruits could be stored for a long time without losing their tasty. The aim of the investigation was to study the biochemical parameters of pink-colored tomato fruits under different ripening conditions. Materials and methods. The plants were grown on the experimental fields of the Laboratory for Breeding and Seed Production of Solanaceae crops. In the Analytical Department, the biochemical composition of pink tomato fruits was studied during harvesting from the field and after laying for storage in the milky ripeness phase according to the following indicators: dry matter, ascorbic acid, total content of water-soluble antioxidants, titratable acidity, monosaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids. Results. The breeding accession F4 (Lotos x Z6) showed maximum dry matter and monosaccharide content both after storage and in mature fruits. The same sample as F5 (Lotos x Z6) showed the highest ascorbic acid content after storage. Other parameters before and after storage in these samples were comparable. Whereas, breeding accession F6 (Z6 x Lotos) stood out in terms of maximum content of sum of antioxidants in alcoholic extract and content of water-soluble antioxidants after storage.
相关性。番茄粉红果栽培品种和杂交种对新鲜食用具有重要意义。生化参数受品种因素和生长条件的影响。众所周知，成熟番茄的贮藏性很低。果实软化是由成熟果实中产生的乙烯造成的。然后果实组织中合成果胶酶，在果胶酶的作用下，果实细胞壁软化。育种人员正在培育番茄品种，使其果实可以长期储存而不失去口感。 本研究旨在研究不同成熟条件下粉色番茄果实的生化参数。 材料和方法植物生长在茄科作物育种和种子生产实验室的试验田里。在分析部门，根据以下指标研究了粉色番茄果实在田间采收和乳熟期铺放贮藏后的生化成分：干物质、抗坏血酸、水溶性抗氧化剂总含量、可滴定酸度、单糖、多酚和类胡萝卜素。 结果育种品种 F4（Lotos x Z6）在贮藏后和成熟果实中的干物质和单糖含量最高。与 F5（Lotos x Z6）相同的样品在贮藏后显示出最高的抗坏血酸含量。这些样品贮藏前后的其他参数相当。而育种品种 F6（Z6 x Lotos）在酒精提取物中抗氧化剂总和含量和贮藏后水溶性抗氧化剂含量方面表现突出。
{"title":"The biochemical characteristics of pink tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.): mature and after storage","authors":"A. Molchanova, I. Y. Kondratyeva","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-58-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-58-64","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Tomato pink-fruit cultivars and hybrids are of interest for fresh consumption. The biochemical parameters are influenced by the varietal factor and by the growing conditions. It is known that mature tomatoes record low storability. The softening of the fruit is caused by ethylene produced in the ripening fruit. Then pectinase enzymes are synthesized in the fruit tissues, under the action of which the cell walls of the fruit soften. Breeders are creating tomato cultivars whose fruits could be stored for a long time without losing their tasty. The aim of the investigation was to study the biochemical parameters of pink-colored tomato fruits under different ripening conditions. Materials and methods. The plants were grown on the experimental fields of the Laboratory for Breeding and Seed Production of Solanaceae crops. In the Analytical Department, the biochemical composition of pink tomato fruits was studied during harvesting from the field and after laying for storage in the milky ripeness phase according to the following indicators: dry matter, ascorbic acid, total content of water-soluble antioxidants, titratable acidity, monosaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids. Results. The breeding accession F4 (Lotos x Z6) showed maximum dry matter and monosaccharide content both after storage and in mature fruits. The same sample as F5 (Lotos x Z6) showed the highest ascorbic acid content after storage. Other parameters before and after storage in these samples were comparable. Whereas, breeding accession F6 (Z6 x Lotos) stood out in terms of maximum content of sum of antioxidants in alcoholic extract and content of water-soluble antioxidants after storage.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-43-50
S. S. Borzov, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, E. Yanchenko
Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to find ways to preserve the nutrient composition of vitamins and other necessary raw materials to create finished food products that can diversify the diet of astronauts, taking into account their habitat. Goal – Comparison of methods for dehydrating plant materials and creating finished food products with a certain degree of dehydration, recommended for feeding astronauts. These methods were used to produce so-called “frips” from fresh fruits and berries; this is a type of snack that is also widely used and developed in modern industry. Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were several types of fruits and berries of various varieties (minimum 2) during dehydration by several types of drying. Results. Dehydration using the LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) method makes it possible to obtain finished products with a given final moisture content, and the product can be made from multi-component raw materials. The duration of the dehydration process using the LTVD method compared to the VFD (vacuum freeze drying) method is reduced by approximately 10-20 % depending on the product, while due to the absence of preliminary freezing, the specific energy costs for drying a food object can presumably be reduced by 15-25 %. Quality indicators of the finished dry product The product dried using the presented methods is comparable, the content of vitamins and microelements is at almost the same level, therefore, when choosing the type of drying, we can recommend the LTVD method as less energy-consuming. The yield of marketable products in the production of frips ranges from 15.0 to 19.5 % by weight of the initial raw materials, which meets the requirements for economic efficiency of production.
{"title":"Dehydration of plant raw materials for variety of the space menu","authors":"S. S. Borzov, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, E. Yanchenko","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-43-50","url":null,"abstract":" Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to find ways to preserve the nutrient composition of vitamins and other necessary raw materials to create finished food products that can diversify the diet of astronauts, taking into account their habitat. Goal – Comparison of methods for dehydrating plant materials and creating finished food products with a certain degree of dehydration, recommended for feeding astronauts. These methods were used to produce so-called “frips” from fresh fruits and berries; this is a type of snack that is also widely used and developed in modern industry. Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were several types of fruits and berries of various varieties (minimum 2) during dehydration by several types of drying. Results. Dehydration using the LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) method makes it possible to obtain finished products with a given final moisture content, and the product can be made from multi-component raw materials. The duration of the dehydration process using the LTVD method compared to the VFD (vacuum freeze drying) method is reduced by approximately 10-20 % depending on the product, while due to the absence of preliminary freezing, the specific energy costs for drying a food object can presumably be reduced by 15-25 %. Quality indicators of the finished dry product The product dried using the presented methods is comparable, the content of vitamins and microelements is at almost the same level, therefore, when choosing the type of drying, we can recommend the LTVD method as less energy-consuming. The yield of marketable products in the production of frips ranges from 15.0 to 19.5 % by weight of the initial raw materials, which meets the requirements for economic efficiency of production.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-71-78
M. T. Asmare
Previously, surface soil acidity was amended by the application of lime, gypsum, and acidic soil-tolerant crop species. However, their effectiveness in subsurface soil acidity reduction is limited. Thus, this review paper aimed to screen the tree species that easily overcome such problems. Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African journals online, and Google search engine databases were used. A total of 60 acidic soil-tolerant tree species were identified. Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia crassicarpa, Arbutus unedo L., Casuarina junghuhniana, and Erythrina abyssinica were among the extremely acidic soil-tolerant tree species. Whereas Acacia cincinnata, Acacia mangium, Pinus patula, Albizia saman, Citrus x paradisi, and Cassia reticulata were belongs to some of the strong acidic soil tolerant tree species. Generally, the species' acidic tolerance capacity and planting site compatibility should be considered for the success of amendment works. Scaling out these species and large-scale plantations should be done in addition to estimating their relative percent of acidic soil amendment roles. Producing stable food in line with reclaiming acidic soil is achieved through the integration of stress tolerant fruit trees. Research on large-scale plantations, domestication, skilling up and comparative evaluation of their levels of acidic soil amendment capacity should be performed in the future.
{"title":"Acidic soil-tolerant tree species identification","authors":"M. T. Asmare","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-71-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-71-78","url":null,"abstract":" Previously, surface soil acidity was amended by the application of lime, gypsum, and acidic soil-tolerant crop species. However, their effectiveness in subsurface soil acidity reduction is limited. Thus, this review paper aimed to screen the tree species that easily overcome such problems. Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African journals online, and Google search engine databases were used. A total of 60 acidic soil-tolerant tree species were identified. Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia crassicarpa, Arbutus unedo L., Casuarina junghuhniana, and Erythrina abyssinica were among the extremely acidic soil-tolerant tree species. Whereas Acacia cincinnata, Acacia mangium, Pinus patula, Albizia saman, Citrus x paradisi, and Cassia reticulata were belongs to some of the strong acidic soil tolerant tree species. Generally, the species' acidic tolerance capacity and planting site compatibility should be considered for the success of amendment works. Scaling out these species and large-scale plantations should be done in addition to estimating their relative percent of acidic soil amendment roles. Producing stable food in line with reclaiming acidic soil is achieved through the integration of stress tolerant fruit trees. Research on large-scale plantations, domestication, skilling up and comparative evaluation of their levels of acidic soil amendment capacity should be performed in the future.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-65-70
P. Akhmedova
Relevance. Tomato occupies a special place among vegetable crops in the world, including in the Republic of Dagestan. The article presents the results of research on the use of biostimulators of growth on the productivity of tomato plants in open ground conditions of the Tersk-Sulak subprovincion of Dagestan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the biological product Relict R and Humate+7 on economically valuable indicators in the production of tomatoes of domestic selection in open ground conditions. Tomatoes were grown using conventional technology in open ground conditions. Material and methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan of the Kizlyar district. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial-meadow, medium-saline, medium loamy in mechanical composition. Agricultural technology is generally accepted in the Republic of Dagestan for tomato culture. The objects of research were tomatoes of the Voskhod VNIISSOKa variety, Relict R, Humate+7. Results. The use of humic preparations accelerated the duration of the interphase period of germination-maturation, the difference in variants ranged from 6 to 11 days. The yield of tomatoes has shown that the use of biostimulants of growth gives a significant increase. Relict P turned out to be the most effective – the increase was 4.1 t/ha. The effectiveness of Humate+7 also exceeded the control yield and amounted to 2.3 t/ha, respectively. The use of the biopreparation stimulated the accumulation of dry substances in tomato fruits from 5.9 % in the control to 6.4-6.9 % in the experimental versions, the sugar content increased by 0.2 %. The studied preparations had a positive effect on the yield and quality indicators of tomatoes. According to the research results, it is recommended to use the Relict R – liquid humic preparation on tomato to increase yields and quality indicators in the conditions of the south of the country.
{"title":"The influence of biological products on economically valuable indicators in the production of tomatoes of domestic selection in open ground conditions of the Republic of Dagestan","authors":"P. Akhmedova","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-65-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-65-70","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Tomato occupies a special place among vegetable crops in the world, including in the Republic of Dagestan. The article presents the results of research on the use of biostimulators of growth on the productivity of tomato plants in open ground conditions of the Tersk-Sulak subprovincion of Dagestan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the biological product Relict R and Humate+7 on economically valuable indicators in the production of tomatoes of domestic selection in open ground conditions. Tomatoes were grown using conventional technology in open ground conditions. Material and methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan of the Kizlyar district. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial-meadow, medium-saline, medium loamy in mechanical composition. Agricultural technology is generally accepted in the Republic of Dagestan for tomato culture. The objects of research were tomatoes of the Voskhod VNIISSOKa variety, Relict R, Humate+7. Results. The use of humic preparations accelerated the duration of the interphase period of germination-maturation, the difference in variants ranged from 6 to 11 days. The yield of tomatoes has shown that the use of biostimulants of growth gives a significant increase. Relict P turned out to be the most effective – the increase was 4.1 t/ha. The effectiveness of Humate+7 also exceeded the control yield and amounted to 2.3 t/ha, respectively. The use of the biopreparation stimulated the accumulation of dry substances in tomato fruits from 5.9 % in the control to 6.4-6.9 % in the experimental versions, the sugar content increased by 0.2 %. The studied preparations had a positive effect on the yield and quality indicators of tomatoes. According to the research results, it is recommended to use the Relict R – liquid humic preparation on tomato to increase yields and quality indicators in the conditions of the south of the country.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-21-26
N. Sakara, N. V. Bardina, I. Kim
Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters. Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.
相关性。尽管在培育蔬菜作物异源 F1 代杂交种方面取得了显著成功，但在当今的俄罗斯，传统的选育方法作为改良当地传统品种重要经济性状的一种手段，却越来越受欢迎。这些品种在多年的繁殖过程中，其有价值的起始参数（产量、上市产品的均匀性和生化成分）都有所下降。马铃薯育种和园艺部（FSBSI "FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki"）一直致力于利用由 V. Ya. Smolei 在远东实验基地培育的 Banannaya 42 品种群，培育果实大的南瓜新品种群。Smolei 于 20 世纪 40 年代在全联植物育种科学研究所远东实验站培育的 Banannaya 42 品种群作为起始材料，一直致力于培育果实大的南瓜新品种群。为了提高产量、改善果实的均匀性和主要生化指标，我们对该品种的有前途的品系进行了多年的选育研究。 研究结果2011 年至 2022 年期间，我们对 "945 "品种群的家系进行了育种工作，与最初的品种相比，一些重要的经济性状（果形均匀性、产量和生化参数）得到了改善。通过 11 年的研究，我们在第九年（PIP 2）的选育中实现了高度的果形均匀度 - 90.0-90.7%（提高了 34.9-36.0%）。产量从 28.4 吨/公顷增加到 38.2-45.3 吨/公顷，增幅为 34.5-59.5%。通过选育，以下生化指标得到改善：干物质含量从 8.5% 提高到 12.9%，平均提高 51.8%；糖含量从 6.1% 提高到 9.1%，平均提高 49.2%；胡萝卜素含量从 1.7% 提高到 3.8%，平均提高 123.5%；维生素 C 含量从 9.6% 提高到 21.1%，平均提高 119.8%。我们从 945 号品种群（Banata 品种群）中挑选了具有改良和统一的重要经济性状的同类型家系，提交国家品种测试。产量为 38.2-45.3 吨/公顷，果实心形，果皮灰绿色，果肉橙色，含糖量为 9.0-13.2%。大果型品种 "巴纳塔 "被列入国家育种成果登记册，2024 年允许在俄罗斯联邦使用。
{"title":"The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray","authors":"N. Sakara, N. V. Bardina, I. Kim","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-21-26","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters. Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-5-11
M. R. Engalychev, E. A. Dzhos, A. A. Matyukina, O. V. Verba, E. V. Demidenko, V. S. Sosnov, A. А. Rubtsov
Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia. Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region). The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.
相关性。番茄是俄罗斯南部地区最广泛种植的蔬菜作物，也是俄罗斯所有自然和气候区最受欢迎的作物之一。大部分产品由大型蔬菜种植园、农场和私人家庭农场生产。最重要的任务之一是根据种植和使用方向的自然和气候条件改进产品种类。在这方面，为俄罗斯南部选育具有高柔韧性、抗生物和非生物胁迫的工业番茄是一项紧迫任务。 本研究的目的是评估适应俄罗斯南部条件的工业番茄远景品系和新杂交种的经济价值特征。 材料和方法。研究工作在联邦蔬菜工业科学中心（莫斯科州）实验生产农场和 FSBSI FSVC 分支机构 Biryuchekutskaya 蔬菜育种实验站（罗斯托夫州）的露地条件下进行。 研究对象是育种材料和俄罗斯联邦国家预算科学和科研机构选育的 6 个番茄新杂交组合。 结果与讨论经过逐步研究和筛选，确定了最有前途的样本，可进一步用作实际育种的原始材料：B-6-C-2014、VS-B-№7、VS-B-18、VS-B-20、VS-B-35、VS-B-38。通过竞争性试验，确定了最佳杂交组合：F1 B-1、F1 B-2、F1 B-4，符合俄罗斯南部商业生产的要求。结果表明，杂交组合 F1 B-2 在总产量（10.9 吨/公顷和 9.6 吨/公顷）、果实适销性和果实干物质含量（6.1% 对 5.1%和 5.2%）方面均超过标准样品 F1 Meteor 和 F1 Perfectpeel。考虑到经济特性的复杂性，番茄 F1 B-2 的早熟 F1 杂交种 "F1 Profy "已提交国家品种测试，因为它在几年的研究中表现出稳定的经济特性。
{"title":"Tomato breeding for open ground in the south of Russia","authors":"M. R. Engalychev, E. A. Dzhos, A. A. Matyukina, O. V. Verba, E. V. Demidenko, V. S. Sosnov, A. А. Rubtsov","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-5-11","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia. Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region). The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-12-20
S. Rajametov, H. Jeong, E. Yang, M. Cho
Relevance. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. Every year the number of identified viruses and diseases increases, infection with which causes significant crop losses and significantly worsens the quality of agricultural products, especially in tomatoes. Material and methods. In the present study we compared the growth of the vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato plants ‘Dokia’, ‘TY Red 250’ and ‘Pilabi’ grated onto bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) diseases tolerant rootstock “Spider” (Takii seed, Japan). The non-grafted (control - CT) and grafted tomato plants (GR) were transplanted on 4 March of 2021 to the four season (vinyl) greenhouse on substrate perlite (mixture of perlite no. 1 and no. 3) and cultivated until September 20. Results. The results showed that responses of the tomato cultivars to grafting combination was different, where agronomical traits depends on the each cultivar’s features can be ranged. The reduction of the values of stem diameter (SD), leaf length and width (LW), fresh fruit weight (FFW), fruit diameter (FD), fruit pericarp thickness (FPT) and fruit hardness (FH) with aging of plants and rising ambient temperature was detected. However, fruit soluble solids among all cultivars regardless of treatments were slightly increased. The index of fruit yield per truss (FYT) significantly decreased among all cultivars after 10th truss regardless of the treatments when the daily temperature increased from July to August. In grafted tomato ‘TY Red 250’ were identified the highest fruit yield per plants (FYP) than in CT plants, whereas in other tomatoes did not found similar differences between CT and GR plants.
{"title":"The effect of grafting on vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato","authors":"S. Rajametov, H. Jeong, E. Yang, M. Cho","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-12-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-12-20","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. Every year the number of identified viruses and diseases increases, infection with which causes significant crop losses and significantly worsens the quality of agricultural products, especially in tomatoes. Material and methods. In the present study we compared the growth of the vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato plants ‘Dokia’, ‘TY Red 250’ and ‘Pilabi’ grated onto bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) diseases tolerant rootstock “Spider” (Takii seed, Japan). The non-grafted (control - CT) and grafted tomato plants (GR) were transplanted on 4 March of 2021 to the four season (vinyl) greenhouse on substrate perlite (mixture of perlite no. 1 and no. 3) and cultivated until September 20. Results. The results showed that responses of the tomato cultivars to grafting combination was different, where agronomical traits depends on the each cultivar’s features can be ranged. The reduction of the values of stem diameter (SD), leaf length and width (LW), fresh fruit weight (FFW), fruit diameter (FD), fruit pericarp thickness (FPT) and fruit hardness (FH) with aging of plants and rising ambient temperature was detected. However, fruit soluble solids among all cultivars regardless of treatments were slightly increased. The index of fruit yield per truss (FYT) significantly decreased among all cultivars after 10th truss regardless of the treatments when the daily temperature increased from July to August. In grafted tomato ‘TY Red 250’ were identified the highest fruit yield per plants (FYP) than in CT plants, whereas in other tomatoes did not found similar differences between CT and GR plants.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-27-36
E. Yanchenko, K. A. Zykin, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, A. A. Gryzunov
Relevance. Fermentation makes it possible to improve the properties of the final product, increase its nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics. It has been scientifically proven that the use of fermented foods (with high nutritional and biological value) on a regular basis has a positive effect on human health, increases immunity, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Dry fermented products with a long shelf life can be recommended as part of the diet in space. The aim is to creation of a dry base for fermented long-term storage beverages based on cabbage and table carrots, applicable in the diet of space nutrition. Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic variety of carrot table Margosha, and the dry fermented products obtained from them. Results. It was found that, according to biochemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic carrot variety Margosha are suitable for various types of processing, including fermentation and manufacture of dried fermented products. The comparison of the number of microorganisms in fermented cabbage and cabbage dehydrated by LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) and VFD (vacuum freeze drying methods was carried out. The survival rate of microorganisms was 1.62 times higher in LTVD. The ways of accelerating the fermentation process of table carrots are considered. The expediency of using starter cultures obtained on the basis of the fermented product has been confirmed. It has been found that using starter cultures in the form of a fermented product dried by the LTVD method accelerates fermentation and allows you to reach the desired pH level 1.33 times faster than the base one and does not affect the final organoleptic characteristics.
{"title":"Dry fermented vegetable products of long-term storage and their integration into the diet of astronauts","authors":"E. Yanchenko, K. A. Zykin, N. E. Kaukhcheshvili, A. A. Gryzunov","doi":"10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-27-36","url":null,"abstract":" Relevance. Fermentation makes it possible to improve the properties of the final product, increase its nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics. It has been scientifically proven that the use of fermented foods (with high nutritional and biological value) on a regular basis has a positive effect on human health, increases immunity, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Dry fermented products with a long shelf life can be recommended as part of the diet in space. The aim is to creation of a dry base for fermented long-term storage beverages based on cabbage and table carrots, applicable in the diet of space nutrition. Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic variety of carrot table Margosha, and the dry fermented products obtained from them. Results. It was found that, according to biochemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic carrot variety Margosha are suitable for various types of processing, including fermentation and manufacture of dried fermented products. The comparison of the number of microorganisms in fermented cabbage and cabbage dehydrated by LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) and VFD (vacuum freeze drying methods was carried out. The survival rate of microorganisms was 1.62 times higher in LTVD. The ways of accelerating the fermentation process of table carrots are considered. The expediency of using starter cultures obtained on the basis of the fermented product has been confirmed. It has been found that using starter cultures in the form of a fermented product dried by the LTVD method accelerates fermentation and allows you to reach the desired pH level 1.33 times faster than the base one and does not affect the final organoleptic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":23570,"journal":{"name":"Vegetable crops of Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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