Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound最新文献

This pilot study presents initial experience obtained with a real-time predictive motion tracking platform called Synchrony mounted on the Radixact radiotherapy device. Synchrony radiotherapy treatments were offered as an alternative to surgical excision for primary pulmonary carcinomas as well as in dogs in a suspected oligometastatic disease state. All dogs were treated with three fractions of 8 Gy. Six dogs with pulmonary targets were successfully treated, while we were unable to treat abdominal targets with implanted fiducials. Cranial targets showed minimal movement, while targets located adjacent to the diaphragm showed a large amplitude of movement. No acute or late clinically apparent side effects were noted in any of the dogs that received radiation therapy. A strong partial response with minimal pneumonitis was seen in follow-up imaging of the one dog where imaging was available. Synchrony motion tracking will continue to be investigated for efficacy.

A 5-year-old spayed female Maltese was referred due to a suspected diaphragmatic hernia. Radiography revealed a soft tissue mass in the right caudal thorax with loss of diaphragm cupola dome-shape. A diaphragmatic hernia was considered, but surgical exploration revealed an intact diaphragm and unremarkable liver lobes. CT after a surgical inspection showed all intact liver lobes and intrathoracic mass connected to the liver. The intrathoracic mass was retracted to the abdomen by incising the diaphragm. Histopathologic examination revealed hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, indicating an intrathoracic ectopic liver. Intrathoracic ectopic liver should be included in the differential diagnosis when diaphragmatic hernia is suspected in radiography.

A 9-year-old male's entire Boston Terrier was presented with persistent hyporexia and weight loss for 6 weeks prior to referral admission. A CT scan showed marked hypertrophy of the rugal folds protruding into the gastric lumen, which had a cerebriform appearance. Changes were consistent with the ultrasonographic findings, which showed marked hyperechogenicity of the gastric mucosa, mucosal cysts, and otherwise normal wall layering. Histopathology of the fundic gastric mucosa showed foveolar hyperplasia and cystic dilation which were findings consistent with Ménétrier-like disease. Based on the reviewed literature, this is the first case report describing CT findings of Ménétrier-like disease in a dog.

A dog presented with a 1-month history of left-sided hemiparesis. MRI showed a focal, 4-cm-long, symmetrical, ovoid, poorly demarcated intramedullary expansion at C6-C7 that was T2-weighted hyperintense, T1-weighted isointense, and noncontrast enhancing. After clinical progression and euthanasia, pathology revealed a neoplasm composed of astrocytes and dysmorphic neurons, consistent with a ganglioglioma. The diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, which demonstrated electron-dense granules in the perikaryon. Gangliogliomas are rare, benign neoplasms that may present as intramedullary spinal cord neoplasia. This is the first report on the clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology of a canine spinal ganglioglioma.

A 3-year-old cat was presented for an abdominal ultrasound examination with apathy and anemia. The US revealed the enlargement of the left kidney with a hypoechoic subcapsular thickening. An abnormal, tortuous vessel was visible in the medulla with arterial flow on pulsed-wave Doppler examination. The CT examination confirmed the ultrasound findings and a presumptive diagnosis of the intraparenchymal renal aneurysm was made. Four days later, the cat presented again with a worsening of its condition. The US features were suggestive for that of an aneurysm rupture.

Intramuscular administration is a commonly used method for delivering sedatives and anesthetics in veterinary medicine. Previous studies have reported inflammation at the intramuscular injection site in laboratory animals and observed signal changes on MRI following intramuscular injections in humans. We hypothesized that following intramuscular injection, the site would exhibit T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancement on MRI. To investigate this, this prospective study evaluated the pattern of signal changes and grade of T2 signal intensity and contrast enhancement over time after the intramuscular injection of medetomidine at a premedication dosage, comparing it to saline. MRI scans were performed immediately postinjection into the biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris muscles, as well as at 2, 8, 24, and 72 h, and 7 days postinjection. A semiquantitative scale was utilized to grade signal intensity and contrast enhancement. Both medetomidine and saline injections showed T2 hyperintensity immediately after injection and contrast enhancement from 2 h postinjection, manifesting as flame-shaped. These signal changes decreased up to 24 h postinjection (p < .05). The signal changes induced by medetomidine showed higher T2 hyperintense change and stronger contrast enhancement compared with saline at most time points, with the signal changes persisting for a longer duration (p < .05). These findings suggest that intramuscular administration of medetomidine induces a more severe tissue reaction compared with saline, and the results are expected to aid in the differentiation of various muscle diseases that present with similar MRI findings.

A 3-year-old neutered male domestic medium-hair cat presented for sudden onset of vomiting and anorexia. Ultrasonographically, severe distension of the cecum by hyperechoic material associated with variable posterior attenuation was identified. The cecum was surgically excised. A retention cyst cecal mucocele complicated by mucosal ulceration and inflammation was diagnosed. A literature review of this well-described lesion in humans, once described in dogs but as yet undescribed in cats, is briefly presented.

The vertebral heart scale (VHS) is widely known and used as an objective standard for the evaluation of cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs. It, therefore, plays an important role in assessing the severity of canine heart disease. The body condition score (BCS) is a nine-scale body condition scoring system used to objectively document the body condition in dogs. Obese animals have widened precardiac and postcardiac mediastinum, fat deposits between the sternum and lungs or heart, as well as increased pericardial fat. These conditions could complicate cardiac silhouette evaluation and could, therefore, result in higher interobserver variability in the assessment of VHS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overweight dogs (BCS 6/9, 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9) have more variability in the interobserver VHS measurement compared with dogs with a normal BCS (BCS 4/9 and 5/9). The dogs were admitted to a private referral center for different medical reasons. The VHS was measured by three trained observers in right lateral radiographs of 18 overweight dogs and 33 dogs with a normal BCS. Bland-Altmann plots were constructed, and limits of agreement were calculated to show the variability of VHS measurements. No statistically significant differences in VHS variability were found between BCS categories, observers, sex, or age categories. In conclusion, BCS does not affect the reliability of VHS assessment among trained veterinarians.

Canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) morphologies have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical-based nomenclature system for canine congenital EHPSS. These shunt morphologies were then evaluated to identify any significant association with patient age, sex, breed, weight, or subjective portal perfusion score. Data collected respectively from the SVSTS and VIRIES list-serves included patient DOB, sex, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. A single author (C.W.) viewed all CT scans and classified shunts based on the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between one (poor/none) and five (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic portal veins. A total of 1182 CT scans were submitted from 13 different institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 100 (8.5%) were removed, leaving 1082 CT scans to be included. Forty-five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 85% of all shunts (left gastric-phrenic [27%], left gastric-azygos [19%], left gastric-caval [15%], aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein [12%], and aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein and short gastric vein [11%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 95% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of the CT scan (P < .001), sex (P = .009), breed (P < .001), weight (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). An anatomical classification system for canine EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for these patients.

An 8-year-old female domestic shorthair, presenting for a 3-day history of lethargy and hyporexia, was obtunded, dehydrated, tachypneic, and had abdominal distension on physical exam with no vaginal discharge or pyrexia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large, ovoid soft tissue mass and a tortuous, tubular soft tissue structure in the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a severely fluid-distended uterus with a left uterine torsion, which was demonstrated by a "whirl sign." Emergency ovariohysterectomy surgically confirmed a 360° torsion of the left uterine horn with a fluid-distended right uterine horn. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra, and the cat recovered uneventfully.