Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound最新文献

A 10-year-old female spayed boxer was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for a suspected glioma in the left piriform lobe. The intra-axial lesion was T2 hyperintense, T2 FLAIR hyperintense, T1 hypointense, and did not uptake contrast. Imaging was performed with an MRI every 3 months, and at the 6-month recheck, new lesions in the left hippocampus and right piriform lobe were evident without clinically apparent neurological progression. A second course of SRT was prescribed for the new lesions. Euthanasia was elected 14 months after the first course of SRT, and necropsy confirmed oligodendroglioma with drop metastasis.

Hypoattenuation of the liver, consistent with hepatic steatosis or lipidosis, has been reported in veterinary patients. In people, measuring CT hepatic attenuation is diagnostic for hepatic steatosis, and hypoattenuation of the liver is defined as absolute if less than 40 HU or relative if the liver is 10 HU less than the spleen. The purpose of this study is to describe hepatic parenchymal attenuation in dogs with diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), using the above categorization for absolute and relative hypoattenuation, as with humans. We hypothesized dogs with DK or DKA were more likely to have hypoattenuating livers. Twenty-seven diabetic dogs were included; fifteen were categorized in Group 1 as without DK or DKA, six in Group 2 as DK, and six in Group 3 as DKA. In Group 3, four of six dogs had absolute and relative hypoattenuating livers. Three of these were visually hypoattenuating to the vasculature, with one having negative attenuation and a histopathologic diagnosis of severe hepatic lipidosis. In Group 2, four of six dogs had relative hypoattenuating livers. In Group 1, only one of 15 dogs had a relatively hypoattenuating liver. Groups 2 and 3 had significantly lower absolute liver attenuation than Group 1. Presumed hepatic steatosis was present on CT and was more common with DK or DKA. These findings may help provide hepatic sampling recommendations and alter patient prognosis. Further research is needed to establish absolute and relative liver attenuation in dogs with correlation to histopathology and patient outcome.

An 11-year-old miniature pinscher presented for acute onset, seizure-like or syncopal episodes. Computed tomography of the head revealed a hyperattenuating, nonenhancing right lateral ventricular mass. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a right lateral ventricular hemorrhagic mass associated with the choroid plexus and disseminated intraventricular and subarachnoid space hemorrhage. Subsequent MRI after 2 months was consistent with a resolving hematoma and residual abnormal choroid plexus conformation. Clinical signs resolved within 1 month on levetiracetam. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported canine case of a resolving, intracranial, intraventricular hematoma on CT and repeat MRI.

The dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae and conchal sinuses are part of the complex equine paranasal sinus system and are commonly affected by secondary sinusitis. However, the radiographic anatomy of the conchal sinuses is poorly reported in the literature. The present study aimed to describe the radiographic anatomical characteristics of the nasal conchal bullae and conchal sinuses in mature horses. Six equine cadaveric heads without sinus or dental disorders were studied. A maxillary sinusotomy was performed to identify the dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae and conchal sinuses, allowing the application of radiopaque contrast medium in these structures. Afterward, the same projections were repeated. Laterolateral views allowed an adequate visualization of nasal conchal bullae and conchal sinuses; however, they overlapped the same contralateral structure. In the latero30°dorsal- lateroventral oblique view, the same structures were easily recognizable, but in an oblique view, the structures were projected dorsally in relation to the contralateral one. The dorsoventral view allowed partial visualization of the dorsal conchal bullae and dorsal sinuses, but it was not possible to identify the ventral conchal sinus and ventral conchal bullae. The offset dorsoventral view helped in the identification of the dorsal conchal bullae and dorsal conchal sinus, also achieving visualization of the medial region of the ventral conchal sinus and ventral conchal bullae. The use of contrast medium, added to the anatomical dissection, allowed a better radiographic identification of the sinuses and conchal bullae. The combination of different radiographic views is recommended for the evaluation of these structures.

A 3-year-old male Scimitar-horned oryx presented for evaluation of an acutely deformed right horn with right head tilt and right facial pain. Computed tomographic evaluation revealed an increased volume of central fluid/soft tissue attenuation with gas-attenuating foci within the right horn. The right horn was amputated at the right horn base. Imaging and histopathologic features were consistent with emphysematous osteomyelitis. Following treatment, the patient returned to normal behavior. This is the first veterinary report describing the computed tomographic features of a horn infection in a Scimitar-horned oryx.

Since the prognosis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) varies, its characterization is clinically relevant, and renal impairment has been identified as one of its associated factors. Intrarenal Doppler ultrasonography (IRD), an intrarenal hemodynamic assessment method, is useful for predicting cardiac- and renal-related death but cannot detect early changes in dogs with preclinical MMVD. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), another intrarenal hemodynamic assessment method, may identify earlier changes; however, renal perfusion evaluations using CEUS have not yet been performed on dogs with MMVD. We hypothesized that CEUS detects changes earlier than IRD in dogs with preclinical MMVD. This prospective, cross-sectional study examined renal perfusion in dogs without cardiac disease and preclinical MMVD dogs of different American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stages using CEUS and compared it with IRD indices. Twenty-three dogs with MMVD (ten stage B1 and thirteen stage B2) and 12 control dogs without cardiac disease were included. The rise times of the renal cortex and medulla were measured from a time-intensity curve. The rise time of the cortex was longer in dogs with stage B2 MMVD than in control dogs, while that of the medulla was shortened in the right ventricular dysfunction group in stage B2. No changes were observed in IRD indices (the resistance index and venous impedance index). In conclusion, CEUS detected changes in renal perfusion in dogs with preclinical MMVD even when IRD indices remained unchanged, suggesting the utility of CEUS in evaluations of renal perfusion in MMVD dogs.

The lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV) is an abnormally formed vertebra that can be associated with cauda equina syndrome, lumbosacral (LS) degeneration, and pelvic rotation. However, there is little information on LTV in small-breed dogs, and no studies have investigated the association between LTV and LS diseases or degenerative changes in the coxofemoral joints. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of LTV in small-breed dogs (<10 kg), classify the type of LTV, and identify its association with degenerative changes in the LS and coxofemoral joints using CT images. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae were divided into four types based on their morphological characteristics. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae were detected in 127 of 812 dogs (15.6 %). The prevalence of LTV was higher in French bulldogs (33.3%), Schnauzers (33.3%), and Dachshunds (25%) than in other breeds. Type 2 was the most common, with morphological variations in the transverse processes, and 36.2% of the LTV group showed multiple types of LTV. Dogs with LTV tended to have LS spondylosis deformans (OR, 2.8) and pelvic rotation (OR, 6.4) compared with dogs without LTV. Type 4 LTV was significantly associated with pelvic rotation (p < 0.0001). This is the first study to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and characteristics of LTV in small-breed dogs using CT images. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of this congenital anomaly in small-breed dogs. CT can evaluate LTV, which could predispose a dog to LS spondylosis deformans or pelvic rotation.

A 9.5-year-old male neutered domestic short-haired cat received two courses of postoperative, definitive-intent conformal radiation therapy (RT) for recurrent laryngeal adenocarcinoma (LACA). Adjuvant RT was prescribed (16 × 3.0 Gy, total 48 Gy) following incomplete resection. Following tumor recurrence and subsequent incomplete resection 31.5 months after the first course, a second course was prescribed (20 × 2.5 Gy, total 50 Gy). Acute and late adverse events were mild. No evidence of local recurrence was documented 42 months following the second course when the cat was euthanized for renal disease. This first report of long-term control in a cat with LACA supports further evaluation of surgery and definitive-intent RT.

A young, intact, female, American Bulldog was presented for hemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, azotemia, and electrolyte disturbances were detected in the bloodwork. A urachal diverticulum with concurrent uterine distention was identified by ultrasonography and CT. The diverticulum was excised in surgery, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed an abscessed bladder wall with concurrent pyometra.

Two skeletally immature female dogs were each investigated for chronic weight-bearing thoracic limb lameness. The first patient was lame for 2 months following a tumble whilst playing, and the second patient had been intermittently lame since 3 weeks of age. In both cases, radiographic examination of the shoulder revealed fissuring of the caudal humeral head consistent with an incomplete proximal humeral Salter-Harris type IV fracture with an Enoki-mushroom-like appearance of the caudal fragment, where two heads rise from a common stem. There was secondary neoarthrosis of the caudal humeral head fragment with the glenoid rim of the scapula. Humeral head-split fracture is an unusual fracture pattern that rarely occurs in skeletally immature patients, and conservative management appears to result in reasonable short-term outcomes. The role of early detection and surgical intervention remains unknown.