{"title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of four public drinking-water supply springs in northern Arkansas","authors":"J. Galloway","doi":"10.3133/WRI034307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034307","url":null,"abstract":".............................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regression Equations for Estimating Concentrations of Selected Water-Quality Constituents for Selected Gaging Stations in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota","authors":"Tara Williams-Sether","doi":"10.3133/WRI034291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"61 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Owyhee River drains an extremely rugged and sparsely populated landscape in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho, and eastern Oregon. Most of the segment between the Oregon State line and Lake Owyhee is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and few water-quality data exist for evaluating environmental impacts. As a result, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, assessed this river segment to characterize chemical and biological quality of the river, identify where designated beneficial uses are met and where changes in stream quality occur, and provide data needed to address activities related to environmental impact assessments and Total Maximum Daily Loads. Water-quality issues identified at one or more sites were water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, trace elements, fecal bacteria, benthic invertebrate communities, and periphyton communities. Generally, summer water temperatures routinely exceeded Oregon's maximum 7-day average criteria of 17.8 degrees Celsius. The presence of few coldwater taxa in benthic invertebrate communities supports this observation. Suspended-sediment concentrations during summer base flow were less than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 46 to 222 mg/L, were highest during base flow, and tended to increase in a downstream direction. Chemical compositions of water samples indicated that large proportions of upland-derived water extend to the lower reaches of the study area during spring runoff. Dissolved fluoride and arsenic concentrations were highest during base flow and may be a result of geothermal springs discharging to the river. No dissolved selenium was detected. Upstream from the Rome area, spring runoff concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 0 to 52 mg/L, and all except at the Three Forks site were typically below 20 mg/L. Stream-bottom materials from the North Fork Owyhee River, an area with no mines, were enriched with nine trace elements, which indicates that this basin may be a natural source of these elements. Near Rome, the part of the study area not included in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, land-use impacts resulted in elevated populations of Escherichia coli bacteria ( E. coli ) during base flow and elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during spring runoff. Sites in this area had the highest numbers of benthic invertebrates; the fewest Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa; and the highest Hilsenhoff Biotic Index scores. These results suggest degraded stream quality. Periphyton communities at sites in this area approached nuisance levels and could cause significant dissolved oxygen depletions and pH values that exceed Oregon’s recommended criteria. Stream-bottom materials from Jordan Creek were enriched with mercury and manganese, which probably were ultimately caused by past mining in that basin. Below Crooked Creek, elevat
{"title":"Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02","authors":"M. Hardy, T. R. Maret, D. George","doi":"10.3133/WRI034327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034327","url":null,"abstract":"The Owyhee River drains an extremely rugged and sparsely populated landscape in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho, and eastern Oregon. Most of the segment between the Oregon State line and Lake Owyhee is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and few water-quality data exist for evaluating environmental impacts. As a result, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, assessed this river segment to characterize chemical and biological quality of the river, identify where designated beneficial uses are met and where changes in stream quality occur, and provide data needed to address activities related to environmental impact assessments and Total Maximum Daily Loads. Water-quality issues identified at one or more sites were water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, trace elements, fecal bacteria, benthic invertebrate communities, and periphyton communities. Generally, summer water temperatures routinely exceeded Oregon's maximum 7-day average criteria of 17.8 degrees Celsius. The presence of few coldwater taxa in benthic invertebrate communities supports this observation. Suspended-sediment concentrations during summer base flow were less than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 46 to 222 mg/L, were highest during base flow, and tended to increase in a downstream direction. Chemical compositions of water samples indicated that large proportions of upland-derived water extend to the lower reaches of the study area during spring runoff. Dissolved fluoride and arsenic concentrations were highest during base flow and may be a result of geothermal springs discharging to the river. No dissolved selenium was detected. Upstream from the Rome area, spring runoff concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 0 to 52 mg/L, and all except at the Three Forks site were typically below 20 mg/L. Stream-bottom materials from the North Fork Owyhee River, an area with no mines, were enriched with nine trace elements, which indicates that this basin may be a natural source of these elements. Near Rome, the part of the study area not included in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, land-use impacts resulted in elevated populations of Escherichia coli bacteria ( E. coli ) during base flow and elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during spring runoff. Sites in this area had the highest numbers of benthic invertebrates; the fewest Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa; and the highest Hilsenhoff Biotic Index scores. These results suggest degraded stream quality. Periphyton communities at sites in this area approached nuisance levels and could cause significant dissolved oxygen depletions and pH values that exceed Oregon’s recommended criteria. Stream-bottom materials from Jordan Creek were enriched with mercury and manganese, which probably were ultimately caused by past mining in that basin. Below Crooked Creek, elevat","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project identifies and characterizes candidate ground-water flow zones in the upper part of the shallow, eogenetic karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer using GPR, cyclostratigraphy, borehole geophysical logs, continuously drilled cores, and paleontology. About 60 mi of GPR profiles were acquired and are used to calculate the depth to shallow geologic contacts and hydrogeologic units, image karst features, and produce a qualitative perspective of the porosity distribution within the upper part of the karstic Biscayne aquifer in the Lake Belt area of north-central Miami-Dade County. . Descriptions of lithology, rock fabric, cyclostratigraphy, and depositional environments of 50 test coreholes were linked to geophysical data to provide a more refined hydrogeologic framework for the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer. Interpretation of depositional environments was constrained by analysis of depositional textures and molluscan and benthic foraminiferal paleontology. Digital borehole images were used to help quantify large-scale vuggy porosity. Preliminary heat-pulse flowmeter data were coupled with the digital borehole image data to identify potential ground-water flow zones.
{"title":"Characterization of aquifer heterogeneity using cyclostratigraphy and geophysical methods in the upper part of the Karstic Biscayne Aquifer, Southeastern Florida","authors":"K. Cunningham","doi":"10.3133/WRI034208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034208","url":null,"abstract":"This project identifies and characterizes candidate ground-water flow zones in the upper part of the shallow, eogenetic karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer using GPR, cyclostratigraphy, borehole geophysical logs, continuously drilled cores, and paleontology. About 60 mi of GPR profiles were acquired and are used to calculate the depth to shallow geologic contacts and hydrogeologic units, image karst features, and produce a qualitative perspective of the porosity distribution within the upper part of the karstic Biscayne aquifer in the Lake Belt area of north-central Miami-Dade County. . Descriptions of lithology, rock fabric, cyclostratigraphy, and depositional environments of 50 test coreholes were linked to geophysical data to provide a more refined hydrogeologic framework for the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer. Interpretation of depositional environments was constrained by analysis of depositional textures and molluscan and benthic foraminiferal paleontology. Digital borehole images were used to help quantify large-scale vuggy porosity. Preliminary heat-pulse flowmeter data were coupled with the digital borehole image data to identify potential ground-water flow zones.","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81116072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lionberger, D. Schoellhamer, P. Buchanan, S. Meyer
{"title":"Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California","authors":"M. Lionberger, D. Schoellhamer, P. Buchanan, S. Meyer","doi":"10.3133/WRI034199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pesticides in the Lower Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, 2000-01","authors":"K. Carpenter","doi":"10.3133/WRI034145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72774783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogeology and Extent of Saltwater Intrusion in the Northern Part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York: 1995–98","authors":"F. Stumm, A. Lange, J. L. Candela","doi":"10.3133/WRI034288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84061786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory : determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","authors":"M. C. Olson, J. L. Iverson, E. Furlong, Michael P. Schroeder","doi":"10.3133/WRI034318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034318","url":null,"abstract":"..........................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74161202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three bankfull channel characteristics—cross-sectional area, width, and depth—were significantly correlated with drainage area in regression equations developed for two regions in West Virginia. Channel characteristics were determined from analysis of flow measurements made at 74 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations at flows between 0.5 and 5.0 times bankfull flow between 1911 and 2002. Graphical and regression analysis were used to delineate an “Eastern Region” and a “Western Region,” which were separated by the boundary between the Appalachian Plateaus and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces. Streams that drained parts of both provinces had channel characteristics typical of the Eastern Region, and were grouped with it. Standard error for the six regression equations, three for each region, ranged between 8.7 and 16 percent. Cross-sectional area and depth were greater relative to drainage area for the Western Region than they were for the Eastern Region. Regression equations were defined for streams draining between 46.5 and 1,619 square miles for the Eastern Region, and between 2.78 and 1,354 square miles for the Western Region. Stream-gaging stations with two or more cross sections where flow had been measured at flows between 0.5 and 5.0 times the 1.5-year flow showed poor replication of channel characteristics compared to the 95-percent confidence intervals of the regression, suggesting that within-reach variability for the stream-gaging stations may be substantial. A disproportionate number of the selected stream-gaging stations were on large (drainage area greater than 100 square miles) streams in the central highlands of West Virginia, and only one stream-gaging station that met data-quality criteria was available to represent the region within about 50 miles of the Ohio River north of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Many of the cross sections were at bridges, which can change channel shape. Although the data discussed in this report may not be representative of channel characteristics on many or most streams, the regional equations in this report provide useful information for field identification of bankfull indicators. Introduction Programs and policies developed following passage of the Federal Clean Water Act in 1972 have successfully reduced stream pollution from industrial and other point sources, yet some of the broad goals in the Clean Water Act have not been achieved (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). For instance, the Clean Water Act specifies support of aquatic life and protection of biological integrity as primary uses of waters of the United States. In streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands (a region including West Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia) during 1993 and 1994, over 31 percent of stream miles were in poor condition as measured with a fish Index of Biotic Integrity, and 27 percent of stream miles were in poor condition as measured with aquatic insect indicators. Physical
在西弗吉尼亚州两个地区建立的回归方程中，三个河岸河道特征——横截面积、宽度和深度——与流域面积显著相关。在1911年至2002年期间，74个美国地质调查局的流量测量站对流量进行了分析，确定了河道特征，流量在0.5至5.0倍的河岸流量之间。用图形和回归分析来划分“东部地区”和“西部地区”，这两个地区被阿巴拉契亚高原和山谷和山脊地理省之间的边界分开。流经两省部分地区的河流具有东部地区典型的河道特征，并与东部地区归为一类。六个回归方程(每个地区三个)的标准误差在8.7%到16%之间。相对于流域面积，西部地区的截面积和深度大于东部地区。回归方程定义了东部地区46.5至1619平方英里的河流，西部地区2.78至1354平方英里的河流。与95%的回归置信区间相比，具有两个或更多横截面的流量测量站在1.5年流量的0.5到5.0倍之间的流量显示出较差的通道特征复制，这表明流量测量站的可达范围内变异性可能很大。在西弗吉尼亚州中部高地的大型(流域面积大于100平方英里)河流上所选择的流量测量站的数量不成比例，只有一个符合数据质量标准的流量测量站可以代表西弗吉尼亚州帕克斯堡以北的俄亥俄河约50英里范围内的地区。许多横截面都在桥上，这可以改变河道的形状。虽然本报告中讨论的数据可能不能代表许多或大多数河流的河道特征，但本报告中的区域方程为现场确定河岸指标提供了有用的信息。1972年《联邦清洁水法》通过后制定的项目和政策成功地减少了来自工业和其他点源的河流污染，但《清洁水法》中的一些广泛目标尚未实现(美国环境保护署，2000年)。例如，《清洁水法》明确规定，支持水生生物和保护生物完整性是美国水资源的主要用途。1993年和1994年，在大西洋中部高地(包括西弗吉尼亚州和宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的部分地区)的河流中，根据鱼类生物完整性指数测量，超过31%的河流英里处于不良状态，根据水生昆虫指标测量，27%的河流英里处于不良状态。自然生境退化被视为溪流不能充分支持水生生物的最常见原因之一。在1993年和1994年的中大西洋高地，24%的河流总长度的河岸栖息地很差，25%的区域河流长度有过度沉积(美国环境保护署，2000年)。除了改善流域的土地利用和水管理做法外，河道恢复被认为是将许多生境退化的溪流恢复到完全支持水生生物的状态的战略的重要组成部分。河道修复是运用地貌学的知识和原理对受损河道进行重建，使其输沙并保持稳定的实践。河流恢复的一个关键方面是为河流设计一个稳定的大小和形状，这样它的河道将保持其尺寸，模式和轮廓随着时间的推移而不会退化或淤积(Rosgen, 1996)。在大多数河流中，1.5年的循环流量被确定为河岸流量(Leopold, 1994)。河岸水流具有重要的地貌学意义，因为它随着时间的推移移动了河道中最大量的沉积物;因此，它有时被称为“有效放电”(Leopold等人，1964)。对河岸流量的估计从1.1年的流量到30年的流量不等，但表明河道顶部的地貌特征最常见的是与西弗吉尼亚州流量测量确定的河岸河道特征的区域关系与从年峰值序列计算的1年和2年的重复流量之间的流量相吻合。年峰值序列的1.5年重现量对应于部分历时序列的1年重现量(Langbein, 1949)。1。 在本研究中假定5年复发流量为满流量，在本报告的其余部分中称为“满流量”;然而，这种用法并不意味着现场研究已经证实了西弗吉尼亚州1.5年的重复流是河岸流。在美国地质调查局(USGS)的流量测量站进行的流量测量提供了大量关于特定断面的河道特征的数据(Leopold and Maddock, 1953;利奥波德,1994;投资基金,1996)。美国地质勘探局与西弗吉尼亚州运输部和西弗吉尼亚州自然保护署合作，在迦南谷研究所的协助下，利用西弗吉尼亚州各测量站的年峰值序列计算的1.5年重现流量，分析了流量与河道截面积、宽度和平均深度之间的关系，并确定了这些特征之间的区域关系。本研究旨在帮助调查人员在河流测量站或参考河段附近的河流通道中定位河岸指标，这是河流修复工程设计阶段数据收集的重要组成部分。本报告中提出的区域方程不打算在没有首先收集额外数据的情况下用于设计流通道。美国地质勘探局目前(2003年)正在收集西弗吉尼亚州河道特征的信息，用于开发设计河道的区域曲线;有关这项研究的信息可从美国地质勘探局的西弗吉尼亚地区办事处获得。
{"title":"Regional Relations in Bankfull Channel Characteristics determined from flow measurements at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia, 1911-2002","authors":"T. Messinger, J. B. Wiley","doi":"10.3133/WRI034276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034276","url":null,"abstract":"Three bankfull channel characteristics—cross-sectional area, width, and depth—were significantly correlated with drainage area in regression equations developed for two regions in West Virginia. Channel characteristics were determined from analysis of flow measurements made at 74 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations at flows between 0.5 and 5.0 times bankfull flow between 1911 and 2002. Graphical and regression analysis were used to delineate an “Eastern Region” and a “Western Region,” which were separated by the boundary between the Appalachian Plateaus and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces. Streams that drained parts of both provinces had channel characteristics typical of the Eastern Region, and were grouped with it. Standard error for the six regression equations, three for each region, ranged between 8.7 and 16 percent. Cross-sectional area and depth were greater relative to drainage area for the Western Region than they were for the Eastern Region. Regression equations were defined for streams draining between 46.5 and 1,619 square miles for the Eastern Region, and between 2.78 and 1,354 square miles for the Western Region. Stream-gaging stations with two or more cross sections where flow had been measured at flows between 0.5 and 5.0 times the 1.5-year flow showed poor replication of channel characteristics compared to the 95-percent confidence intervals of the regression, suggesting that within-reach variability for the stream-gaging stations may be substantial. A disproportionate number of the selected stream-gaging stations were on large (drainage area greater than 100 square miles) streams in the central highlands of West Virginia, and only one stream-gaging station that met data-quality criteria was available to represent the region within about 50 miles of the Ohio River north of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Many of the cross sections were at bridges, which can change channel shape. Although the data discussed in this report may not be representative of channel characteristics on many or most streams, the regional equations in this report provide useful information for field identification of bankfull indicators. Introduction Programs and policies developed following passage of the Federal Clean Water Act in 1972 have successfully reduced stream pollution from industrial and other point sources, yet some of the broad goals in the Clean Water Act have not been achieved (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). For instance, the Clean Water Act specifies support of aquatic life and protection of biological integrity as primary uses of waters of the United States. In streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands (a region including West Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia) during 1993 and 1994, over 31 percent of stream miles were in poor condition as measured with a fish Index of Biotic Integrity, and 27 percent of stream miles were in poor condition as measured with aquatic insect indicators. Physical","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"545 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73222643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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