In 1999-2001, the U.S. Geological Survey installed and sampled 27 shallow wells in the ricegrowing area in southwestern Louisiana as part of the Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit of the National WaterQuality Assessment Program. The purpose of this report is to describe the quality of water from shallow wells in the rice-growing area and to relate that water quality to natural and anthropogenic activities, particularly rice agriculture. Ground-water samples were analyzed for general ground-water properties and about 150 waterquality constituents, including major inorganic ions, trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pesticides, radon, chlorofluorocarbons, and selected stable isotopes. Dissolved-solids concentrations for 17 wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for drinking water. Concentrations for major inorganic ions, trace elements, and pesticides generally were less than the maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. Two major inorganic ions, sulfate and chloride, and two trace elements, iron and manganese, had concentrations that were greater than the secondary maximum contaminant levels. Three nutrient concentrations were greater than 2 mg/L, a level that might indicate contamination from human activities, and one nutrient concentration (that for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen) was greater than the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L for drinking water. The median concentration for DOC was 0.5 mg/L, indicating naturally-occurring DOC conditions in the study area. Thirteen pesticides and 7 pesticide degradation products were detected in 14 of the 27 wells sampled. Bentazon, 2,4-D, and molinate (three rice herbicides) were detected in water from four, one, and one wells, respectively, and malathion (a rice insecticide) was detected in water from one well. Low-level concentrations and few detections of nutrients and pesticides indicated that ground-water quality was affected slightly by anthropogenic activities. Quality-control samples, including field blanks, replicates, and spikes, indicated no bias in ground-water data from collection or analysis. Radon concentrations for 22 of the 24 wells sampled were at or greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter. Chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in selected wells indicated the apparent ages of the ground water varied with depth and water level and ranged from about 17 to 49 years. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules indicated the origin of ground water in the study area was rainwater that originated near the study area and that few geochemical or physical processes influenced the stable isotopic composition of the shallow ground water. The Spearman rank correlation was used to determine whether significant correlations existed between physical properties, selected chemical constituents, the
{"title":"Quality of water from shallow wells in the rice-growing area in southwestern Louisiana, 1999 through 2001","authors":"R. W. Tollett, R. B. Fendick","doi":"10.3133/WRI034050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034050","url":null,"abstract":"In 1999-2001, the U.S. Geological Survey installed and sampled 27 shallow wells in the ricegrowing area in southwestern Louisiana as part of the Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit of the National WaterQuality Assessment Program. The purpose of this report is to describe the quality of water from shallow wells in the rice-growing area and to relate that water quality to natural and anthropogenic activities, particularly rice agriculture. Ground-water samples were analyzed for general ground-water properties and about 150 waterquality constituents, including major inorganic ions, trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pesticides, radon, chlorofluorocarbons, and selected stable isotopes. Dissolved-solids concentrations for 17 wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for drinking water. Concentrations for major inorganic ions, trace elements, and pesticides generally were less than the maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. Two major inorganic ions, sulfate and chloride, and two trace elements, iron and manganese, had concentrations that were greater than the secondary maximum contaminant levels. Three nutrient concentrations were greater than 2 mg/L, a level that might indicate contamination from human activities, and one nutrient concentration (that for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen) was greater than the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L for drinking water. The median concentration for DOC was 0.5 mg/L, indicating naturally-occurring DOC conditions in the study area. Thirteen pesticides and 7 pesticide degradation products were detected in 14 of the 27 wells sampled. Bentazon, 2,4-D, and molinate (three rice herbicides) were detected in water from four, one, and one wells, respectively, and malathion (a rice insecticide) was detected in water from one well. Low-level concentrations and few detections of nutrients and pesticides indicated that ground-water quality was affected slightly by anthropogenic activities. Quality-control samples, including field blanks, replicates, and spikes, indicated no bias in ground-water data from collection or analysis. Radon concentrations for 22 of the 24 wells sampled were at or greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter. Chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in selected wells indicated the apparent ages of the ground water varied with depth and water level and ranged from about 17 to 49 years. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules indicated the origin of ground water in the study area was rainwater that originated near the study area and that few geochemical or physical processes influenced the stable isotopic composition of the shallow ground water. The Spearman rank correlation was used to determine whether significant correlations existed between physical properties, selected chemical constituents, the","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83588845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida","authors":"S. M. Wicklein","doi":"10.3133/WRI034299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034299","url":null,"abstract":"...................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89356207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantification of metal loading to Silver Creek through the Silver Maple Claims area, Park City, Utah, May 2002","authors":"B. Kimball, K. K. Johnson, R. Runkel, J. I. Steiger","doi":"10.3133/WRI034296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034296","url":null,"abstract":"...............................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sources and Transport of Nutrients, Organic Carbon, and Chlorophyll-a in the San Joaquin River Upstream of Vernalis, California, during Summer and Fall, 2000 and 2001","authors":"C. Kratzer, P. Dileanis, C. Zamora, S. Silva, C. Kendall, B. Bergamaschi, R. Dahlgren","doi":"10.3133/WRI034127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034127","url":null,"abstract":"...............................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82415594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","authors":"T. P. Schrader, Rheannon M. Scheiderer","doi":"10.3133/WRI034284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77319613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Variability and Effects of Stormflow on Concentrations of Pesticides and their Degradates in Kisco River and Middle Branch Croton River Surface Water, Croton Reservoir System, New York, May 2000-February 2001","authors":"P. Phillips, R. W. Bode","doi":"10.3133/WRI20034151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI20034151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75752363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following extensive wildfires in summer 2000, Montana experienced flooding and debris flows in three different burned areas: (1) the Bitterroot area in southwestern Montana, (2) the Canyon Ferry area near Helena, and (3) the Ashland area in southeastern Montana. Flooding and debris flows in the Bitterroot study area began with a large, frontal storm in September-October 2000. No precipitation data were available at sites in the burned area. Daily precipitation at one National Weather Service station near the Bitterroot burn area had a recurrence interval of about 10 years. The storm resulted in debris flows and a peak flood discharge on Little Sleeping Child Creek that had a recurrence interval of about 100 years. July
{"title":"Wildfire-related floods and debris flows in Montana in 2000 and 2001","authors":"C. Parrett, S. Cannon, K. Pierce","doi":"10.3133/WRI034319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034319","url":null,"abstract":"Following extensive wildfires in summer 2000, Montana experienced flooding and debris flows in three different burned areas: (1) the Bitterroot area in southwestern Montana, (2) the Canyon Ferry area near Helena, and (3) the Ashland area in southeastern Montana. Flooding and debris flows in the Bitterroot study area began with a large, frontal storm in September-October 2000. No precipitation data were available at sites in the burned area. Daily precipitation at one National Weather Service station near the Bitterroot burn area had a recurrence interval of about 10 years. The storm resulted in debris flows and a peak flood discharge on Little Sleeping Child Creek that had a recurrence interval of about 100 years. July","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74832487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study to determine the occurrence and distribution of trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semivolatile organic compounds in sediment and in fish tissue was conducted in the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program during 1998-99. Streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were collected concurrently at 11 sites and analyzed for trace-element concentration. An additional four sites were sampled for streambed sediment only and one site for fish tissue only. Organic compounds were analyzed from streambedsediment and fish-tissue samples at 15 sites concurrently. Bed-sediment cores from lakes, reservoirs, and Farmington Bay collected by the NAWQA program in 1998 and by other researchers in 1982 were used to examine historical trends in traceelement concentration and to determine anthropogenic sources of contaminants. Cores collected in 1982 from Mirror Lake, a highmountain reference location, showed an enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, tin, and zinc in the surface sediments relative to the deeper sediments, indicating that enrichment likely began after about 1900. This enrichment was attributed to atmospheric deposition during the period of metal-ore mining and smelting. A core from Echo Reservoir, in the Weber River Basin, however, showed a different pattern of trace-element concentration that was attributed to a local source. This site is located downstream from the Park City mining district, which is the most likely historical source of trace elements. Cores collected in 1998 from Farmington Bay show that the concentration of lead began to increase after 1842 and peaked during the mid1980s and has been in decline since. Recent sediments deposited during 1996-98 indicate a 41to 62-percent reduction since the peak in the mid1980s. The concentration of trace elements in streambed sediment was greatest at sites that have been affected by historic mining, including sites on Little Cottonwood Creek in the Jordan River basin, Silver Creek in the Weber River basin, and the Weber River below the confluence with Silver Creek. There was significant correlation of lead concentrations in streambed sediment and fish tissue, but other trace elements did not correlate well. Streambed sediment and fish tissue collected from sites in the Bear River basin, which is predominantly rangeland and agriculture, generally had low concentrations of most elements. Sediment-quality guidelines were used to assess the relative toxicity of streambed-sediment sites to aquatic communities. Sites affected by mining exceeded the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC), the concentration at which it is likely there will be a negative effect on the aquatic community, for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, silver, mercury, and zinc. Sites that were not affected by mining did not exceed these criteria. Concentrations of trace elements in samples collected from the Great Salt Lake Basins
{"title":"Trace Elements and Organic Compounds in Sediment and Fish Tissue from the Great Salt Lake Basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1998-99","authors":"K. Waddell, E. Giddings","doi":"10.3133/WRI034283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034283","url":null,"abstract":"A study to determine the occurrence and distribution of trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semivolatile organic compounds in sediment and in fish tissue was conducted in the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program during 1998-99. Streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were collected concurrently at 11 sites and analyzed for trace-element concentration. An additional four sites were sampled for streambed sediment only and one site for fish tissue only. Organic compounds were analyzed from streambedsediment and fish-tissue samples at 15 sites concurrently. Bed-sediment cores from lakes, reservoirs, and Farmington Bay collected by the NAWQA program in 1998 and by other researchers in 1982 were used to examine historical trends in traceelement concentration and to determine anthropogenic sources of contaminants. Cores collected in 1982 from Mirror Lake, a highmountain reference location, showed an enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, tin, and zinc in the surface sediments relative to the deeper sediments, indicating that enrichment likely began after about 1900. This enrichment was attributed to atmospheric deposition during the period of metal-ore mining and smelting. A core from Echo Reservoir, in the Weber River Basin, however, showed a different pattern of trace-element concentration that was attributed to a local source. This site is located downstream from the Park City mining district, which is the most likely historical source of trace elements. Cores collected in 1998 from Farmington Bay show that the concentration of lead began to increase after 1842 and peaked during the mid1980s and has been in decline since. Recent sediments deposited during 1996-98 indicate a 41to 62-percent reduction since the peak in the mid1980s. The concentration of trace elements in streambed sediment was greatest at sites that have been affected by historic mining, including sites on Little Cottonwood Creek in the Jordan River basin, Silver Creek in the Weber River basin, and the Weber River below the confluence with Silver Creek. There was significant correlation of lead concentrations in streambed sediment and fish tissue, but other trace elements did not correlate well. Streambed sediment and fish tissue collected from sites in the Bear River basin, which is predominantly rangeland and agriculture, generally had low concentrations of most elements. Sediment-quality guidelines were used to assess the relative toxicity of streambed-sediment sites to aquatic communities. Sites affected by mining exceeded the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC), the concentration at which it is likely there will be a negative effect on the aquatic community, for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, silver, mercury, and zinc. Sites that were not affected by mining did not exceed these criteria. Concentrations of trace elements in samples collected from the Great Salt Lake Basins ","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：