Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90224
T. Hromadka, C. Yen, P. Rao
In this chapter, the governing flow equations for oneand two-dimensional unsteady flows that are solved in the diffusion hydrodynamic model (DHM) are presented along with the relevant assumptions. A step-by-step derivation of the simplified equations which are based on continuity and momentum principles are detailed. Characteristic features of the explicit DHM numerical algorithm are discussed.
{"title":"A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model","authors":"T. Hromadka, C. Yen, P. Rao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90224","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the governing flow equations for oneand two-dimensional unsteady flows that are solved in the diffusion hydrodynamic model (DHM) are presented along with the relevant assumptions. A step-by-step derivation of the simplified equations which are based on continuity and momentum principles are detailed. Characteristic features of the explicit DHM numerical algorithm are discussed.","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85188087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clear-water abutment and contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99","authors":"S. Benedict","doi":"10.3133/WRI034064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034064","url":null,"abstract":".....................................................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89078374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","authors":"C. Johnson, P. Joesten, R. Mondazzi","doi":"10.3133/WRI034125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034125","url":null,"abstract":"........................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74430200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century by Robert W. Dudley and Glenn A. Hodgkins
1 Robert W. Dudley和Glenn A. Hodgkins的《20世纪缅因州沿海河流流域的河流流量、河流冰和积雪趋势》
{"title":"Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century","authors":"R. Dudley, G. Hodgkins","doi":"10.3133/FS20053001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/FS20053001","url":null,"abstract":"1 Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century by Robert W. Dudley and Glenn A. Hodgkins","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77640635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Movement and Age of Ground Water in the Western Part of the Mojave Desert, Southern California, USA","authors":"J. Izbicki, R. Michel","doi":"10.3133/WRI034314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034314","url":null,"abstract":"...............................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74931772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogeology and quality of ground water in Orange County, Florida","authors":"J. C. Adamski, E. German","doi":"10.3133/WRI034257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034257","url":null,"abstract":".....................................................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82817083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Sanford, L. Plummer, D. McAda, Laura M. Bexfield, S. Anderholm
The question of the availability of ground water as a long-term resource in the Middle Rio Grande Basin of central New Mexico has been addressed recently by the development of ground-water-flow models by the U.S. Geological Survey. An initial model constructed in 1994 was updated by Kernodle and others (1995), and then calibrated by Tiedeman and others (1998) using nonlinear regression methods and additional hydrologic observations. A new model was constructed using some of the results from the Middle Rio Grande Basin initiative by McAda and Barroll (2002). This report documents the use of 14C activities and the location of hydrochemical zones to constrain parameter values used in a predevelopment ground-water-flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The universal inverse modeling code, UCODE, was used to help estimate hydraulic conductivities of hydrogeologic units and current and past recharge along the basin margins and tributary rivers. The water levels in the basin were simulated using MODFLOW, and travel times to wells and source-area delineation were simulated using MODPATH. A three-dimensional geologic model was discretized into a three-dimensional MODFLOW grid of the basin. Major hydrogeologic units in the geologic model included volcanic rocks, and several units that represent the Santa Fe Group sediments, including ancestral gravels from the Rio Grande and some finer grained units that represent the middle and lower Santa Fe Group. The MODFLOW grid represented the hydrogeologic units with nine layers of variable thickness totaling up to 12,000 feet in places, and a uniform horizontal grid resolution of one square kilometer (0.386 square miles). The bottom of the model was considered to be the base of the poorly to semiconsolidated basin-fill sediments as defined by geophysical observations. Observations that were used to calibrate a steady-state predevelopment model, and then a transient paleohydrologic model, included 200 water levels and 200 14C activities. Observed water levels were compared with simulated water levels, and observed 14C activities were compared with simulated 14C activities based on travel times to individual wells. In addition, the distributions of ground water that originated from the Rio Grande and Rio Puerco were also used as constraints by comparing the percentage of river water in certain hydrochemical target regions with the percentage is simulated river water. The 14C activities were adjusted for chemical reactions along the flow paths and for long-term variation in atmospheric input. Hydraulic conductivities estimated for the model using the inverse procedure were similar to values that had been estimated in the previous models. The best-fit value of hydraulic conductivity of the Rio Grande alluvium and the volcanic rocks averaged about 30 feet per day, which is in agreement with field tests and earlier models. The best-fit hydraulic conductivity of a silty layer identified in the geologic model was estim
{"title":"Use of environmental tracers to estimate parameters for a predevelopment-ground-water-flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","authors":"W. Sanford, L. Plummer, D. McAda, Laura M. Bexfield, S. Anderholm","doi":"10.3133/WRI034286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034286","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the availability of ground water as a long-term resource in the Middle Rio Grande Basin of central New Mexico has been addressed recently by the development of ground-water-flow models by the U.S. Geological Survey. An initial model constructed in 1994 was updated by Kernodle and others (1995), and then calibrated by Tiedeman and others (1998) using nonlinear regression methods and additional hydrologic observations. A new model was constructed using some of the results from the Middle Rio Grande Basin initiative by McAda and Barroll (2002). This report documents the use of 14C activities and the location of hydrochemical zones to constrain parameter values used in a predevelopment ground-water-flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The universal inverse modeling code, UCODE, was used to help estimate hydraulic conductivities of hydrogeologic units and current and past recharge along the basin margins and tributary rivers. The water levels in the basin were simulated using MODFLOW, and travel times to wells and source-area delineation were simulated using MODPATH. A three-dimensional geologic model was discretized into a three-dimensional MODFLOW grid of the basin. Major hydrogeologic units in the geologic model included volcanic rocks, and several units that represent the Santa Fe Group sediments, including ancestral gravels from the Rio Grande and some finer grained units that represent the middle and lower Santa Fe Group. The MODFLOW grid represented the hydrogeologic units with nine layers of variable thickness totaling up to 12,000 feet in places, and a uniform horizontal grid resolution of one square kilometer (0.386 square miles). The bottom of the model was considered to be the base of the poorly to semiconsolidated basin-fill sediments as defined by geophysical observations. Observations that were used to calibrate a steady-state predevelopment model, and then a transient paleohydrologic model, included 200 water levels and 200 14C activities. Observed water levels were compared with simulated water levels, and observed 14C activities were compared with simulated 14C activities based on travel times to individual wells. In addition, the distributions of ground water that originated from the Rio Grande and Rio Puerco were also used as constraints by comparing the percentage of river water in certain hydrochemical target regions with the percentage is simulated river water. The 14C activities were adjusted for chemical reactions along the flow paths and for long-term variation in atmospheric input. Hydraulic conductivities estimated for the model using the inverse procedure were similar to values that had been estimated in the previous models. The best-fit value of hydraulic conductivity of the Rio Grande alluvium and the volcanic rocks averaged about 30 feet per day, which is in agreement with field tests and earlier models. The best-fit hydraulic conductivity of a silty layer identified in the geologic model was estim","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90666034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected sites in or near the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, South Dakota, 1973-2000","authors":"K. M. Neitzert","doi":"10.3133/WRI034280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89932217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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