. A wood-based prepreg was formed using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and a low-viscosity thermoplastic resin. Wood strands were assembled to make a porous mat for resin injection. The resin fi lled most of the cavities inside the wood cells resulting in a void volume fraction of 7%. The Young ’ s modulus and strength of the saturated wood strands were 38% and 124% higher, respectively, than those of wood strands prior to resin infusion. Flat laminates were produced by thermoforming prepreg plies at 180 (cid:1) C and 830 kPa, for 25 min. The Young ’ s modulus and strength of fl at 12-ply laminates were 73% and 20% higher, respectively, than a wood-strand panel produced using compression resin transfer molding (CRTM) and epoxy resin. Wood prepreg shows promise as an alternative to traditional wood composite forming processes, with the potential to simplify the manufacture of complex shapes, while improving the properties of the natural material.
{"title":"Wood-Based Prepreg For Composite Laminates","authors":"M. Mohammadabadi, V. Yadama, L. Smith","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-13","url":null,"abstract":". A wood-based prepreg was formed using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and a low-viscosity thermoplastic resin. Wood strands were assembled to make a porous mat for resin injection. The resin fi lled most of the cavities inside the wood cells resulting in a void volume fraction of 7%. The Young ’ s modulus and strength of the saturated wood strands were 38% and 124% higher, respectively, than those of wood strands prior to resin infusion. Flat laminates were produced by thermoforming prepreg plies at 180 (cid:1) C and 830 kPa, for 25 min. The Young ’ s modulus and strength of fl at 12-ply laminates were 73% and 20% higher, respectively, than a wood-strand panel produced using compression resin transfer molding (CRTM) and epoxy resin. Wood prepreg shows promise as an alternative to traditional wood composite forming processes, with the potential to simplify the manufacture of complex shapes, while improving the properties of the natural material.","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sina Jahedi, L. Muszynski, M. Riggio, Benjamin Brice Blengino, S. Bhandari
. Every year, restoration programs in Southern Oregon and Northern California produce large amounts of low-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa (PP) lumber. This material has a limited market in the United States. Engineered wood products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glulam, are expected to provide a value-added market to offset the high costs of restoration programs. However, restoration program lumber has larger amounts of juvenile wood and visual grades are reported to show lower mechanical properties compared with commercially harvested material, on which the National Design Speci fi cation (NDS) design values are based. This research addresses a knowledge gap on the impact of juvenile wood and visual strength-affecting characteristics on the mechanical performance of PP lumber generated in the region of interest. The purpose of this study was to assess this impact based on dynamically measured MOE of samples of visually graded and ungraded restoration program PP lumber. The material used in this study was intended for fabrication of CLT for another project, hence it could not be used for destructive tests to measure MOR. The results were compared with previous studies and published values for commercially harvested PP as re fl ected in the NDS Western Woods (WW) species group. The results show that characteristic MOE values of visual grade Nos. 1 and 2 of PP from restoration programs were lower than
{"title":"MOE Distribution in Visually graded Ponderosa Pine Lumber Harvested from Restoration Programs in Southern Oregon and Northern California","authors":"Sina Jahedi, L. Muszynski, M. Riggio, Benjamin Brice Blengino, S. Bhandari","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-10","url":null,"abstract":". Every year, restoration programs in Southern Oregon and Northern California produce large amounts of low-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa (PP) lumber. This material has a limited market in the United States. Engineered wood products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glulam, are expected to provide a value-added market to offset the high costs of restoration programs. However, restoration program lumber has larger amounts of juvenile wood and visual grades are reported to show lower mechanical properties compared with commercially harvested material, on which the National Design Speci fi cation (NDS) design values are based. This research addresses a knowledge gap on the impact of juvenile wood and visual strength-affecting characteristics on the mechanical performance of PP lumber generated in the region of interest. The purpose of this study was to assess this impact based on dynamically measured MOE of samples of visually graded and ungraded restoration program PP lumber. The material used in this study was intended for fabrication of CLT for another project, hence it could not be used for destructive tests to measure MOR. The results were compared with previous studies and published values for commercially harvested PP as re fl ected in the NDS Western Woods (WW) species group. The results show that characteristic MOE values of visual grade Nos. 1 and 2 of PP from restoration programs were lower than","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoda Norouzpour, A. Hemmasi, B. Bazyar, Mohammad Taleipour, M. Abdouss
. In this study, mechanical and biodegradability properties of wood-plastic composite were investigated. Beech wood fl our (WF) 40 wt% was used as a reinforcing base material, maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent, and nano clay to improve the properties were added. The polymer studied was polyhydroxy-butyrate (PHB) and the other polymer was high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Three groups of composites were produced, in two groups each of the polymers alone and in the third group a combination of two types of polymers was used as a matrix. Starch 8 wt% and 12 wt% was used instead copolymer. The specimens were mixed using a twin-screw extruder, made with an injection-molding machine, and subjected to mechanical tests: tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus, impact resistance tests and
{"title":"Comparison of Resistance and Biodegradability Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites from Wood Flour/PHB/HDPE/Starch","authors":"Hoda Norouzpour, A. Hemmasi, B. Bazyar, Mohammad Taleipour, M. Abdouss","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-09","url":null,"abstract":". In this study, mechanical and biodegradability properties of wood-plastic composite were investigated. Beech wood fl our (WF) 40 wt% was used as a reinforcing base material, maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent, and nano clay to improve the properties were added. The polymer studied was polyhydroxy-butyrate (PHB) and the other polymer was high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Three groups of composites were produced, in two groups each of the polymers alone and in the third group a combination of two types of polymers was used as a matrix. Starch 8 wt% and 12 wt% was used instead copolymer. The specimens were mixed using a twin-screw extruder, made with an injection-molding machine, and subjected to mechanical tests: tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus, impact resistance tests and","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunda Pertiwi, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, H. Aiso, Y. Hiraoka, S. N. Marsoem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota
{"title":"Evaluation of Xylem Maturation Process and Effects of Radial Growth Rate on Cell Morphologies in Wood of Balsa (Ochroma Pryamidale) Trees","authors":"Yunda Pertiwi, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, H. Aiso, Y. Hiraoka, S. N. Marsoem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. SWST Student Chapters exist to broaden student perspectives in wood science and technology. This is pursued through the organization of various activities, including seminars, site visits, and practical experiences. Over the years, chapters have proven to be bene fi cial to students, fi rst and foremost, and also to faculty advisors and involved institutions. To encourage the activation of new chapters, the know-how of faculty advisors of the existing chapters is here shared. The details on constituting and running SWST Student Chapters are illustrated, the opportunities that chapters offer are discussed, and a list of possible activities is provided for guidance.
{"title":"SWST Student Chapters: A Valuable Means of Broadening Student Perspectives in Wood Science and Technology","authors":"Francesco Negro, Tamara Franca, Eric Hansen","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-08","url":null,"abstract":". SWST Student Chapters exist to broaden student perspectives in wood science and technology. This is pursued through the organization of various activities, including seminars, site visits, and practical experiences. Over the years, chapters have proven to be bene fi cial to students, fi rst and foremost, and also to faculty advisors and involved institutions. To encourage the activation of new chapters, the know-how of faculty advisors of the existing chapters is here shared. The details on constituting and running SWST Student Chapters are illustrated, the opportunities that chapters offer are discussed, and a list of possible activities is provided for guidance.","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Oriented strand board (OSB) is an engineered panel product formed by layering strands of res-inated wood in speci fi c orientations into a mat, then pressing the mat at a high temperature to form a panel of desired strength and stiffness. OSB manufacturing facilities utilize small diameter logs from thinning operations and waste from harvesting. Considerable variation exists in the wood properties of the raw material and ideally the OSB industry would take advantage of such variation, however, it lacks the technology required to rapidly assess log quality on-site. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques based on acoustics have the potential to rapidly segregate logs in the fi eld, however, the in fl uence of acoustic-based log segregation on OSB panel properties is unknown. The aims of this project were to determine whether log quality affects panel properties and if acoustic NDE technology is a satisfactory tool for determining log stiffness before entering the manufacturing process. It was found that low-velocity (stiffness) logs produced panels with low stiffness whereas high-and medium-velocity (stiffness) logs produced panels with similar properties. The Director HM 200 was a satisfactory tool for determining log stiffness. Further studies are required to determine how to incorporate NDE tools into the manufacturing process.
{"title":"Evaluating Log Stiffness Using Acoustic Velocity for Manufacturing Structural Oriented Strand Board","authors":"Tracye M. Murphy, L. Schimleck, Albert Landers","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-11","url":null,"abstract":". Oriented strand board (OSB) is an engineered panel product formed by layering strands of res-inated wood in speci fi c orientations into a mat, then pressing the mat at a high temperature to form a panel of desired strength and stiffness. OSB manufacturing facilities utilize small diameter logs from thinning operations and waste from harvesting. Considerable variation exists in the wood properties of the raw material and ideally the OSB industry would take advantage of such variation, however, it lacks the technology required to rapidly assess log quality on-site. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques based on acoustics have the potential to rapidly segregate logs in the fi eld, however, the in fl uence of acoustic-based log segregation on OSB panel properties is unknown. The aims of this project were to determine whether log quality affects panel properties and if acoustic NDE technology is a satisfactory tool for determining log stiffness before entering the manufacturing process. It was found that low-velocity (stiffness) logs produced panels with low stiffness whereas high-and medium-velocity (stiffness) logs produced panels with similar properties. The Director HM 200 was a satisfactory tool for determining log stiffness. Further studies are required to determine how to incorporate NDE tools into the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chul-Hwan Kim, Jinhyeok Park, Min-Seok Lee, Chang-Yeong Lee, Jeong-Heon Ryu, Jin-Hong Park
{"title":"Characterization of thermomechanical pulp made from pine trees infected with nematodes","authors":"Chul-Hwan Kim, Jinhyeok Park, Min-Seok Lee, Chang-Yeong Lee, Jeong-Heon Ryu, Jin-Hong Park","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46933618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Many building users prefer wood over other building materials, but it is unclear how modi fi ed wood is perceived compared with unmodi fi ed wood. Additionally, it is unclear which material properties play a role in the general preference for wood, how tactile and tactile – visual perceptions of materials affect user preference for wood, and whether human preference for wood is consistent across countries and cultures with different wood use practices. One hundred older adults from Slovenia and Norway rated and ranked wooden materials (ie handrails) made of either unmodi fi ed or modi fi ed wood and a stainless steel control sample. The materials were rated on a semantic differential scale (capturing sensory and affective attributes) by each participant twice: fi rst, while only touching the materials and then while simultaneously touching and seeing the materials. Finally, each participant ranked the handrails in order of preference. Wooden handrails were generally more preferred than the steel sample. Preference ratings and rankings of modi fi ed wood were comparable to those of unmodi fi ed wood. Results were relatively consistent across both countries. Materials rated as liked were perceived as somewhat less cold, less damp, more usual, less arti fi cial, more expensive, and less unpleasant. The ratings were fairly consistent between the tactile and tactile – visual tasks. In some indoor applications, certain types of modi fi ed wood could be used in place of unmodi fi ed wood while meeting human aesthetical preferences. Speci fi c visual and tactile properties can predict material preference and could be considered in the material design phase. The tactile experience is important in overall material perception and should not be overlooked. These fi ndings seem to be stable across countries with different wood use practices.
{"title":"Perception and Evaluation of (Modified) Wood by Older Adults from Slovenia and Norway","authors":"D. Lipovac, S. Wie, A. Nyrud, M. Burnard","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-05","url":null,"abstract":". Many building users prefer wood over other building materials, but it is unclear how modi fi ed wood is perceived compared with unmodi fi ed wood. Additionally, it is unclear which material properties play a role in the general preference for wood, how tactile and tactile – visual perceptions of materials affect user preference for wood, and whether human preference for wood is consistent across countries and cultures with different wood use practices. One hundred older adults from Slovenia and Norway rated and ranked wooden materials (ie handrails) made of either unmodi fi ed or modi fi ed wood and a stainless steel control sample. The materials were rated on a semantic differential scale (capturing sensory and affective attributes) by each participant twice: fi rst, while only touching the materials and then while simultaneously touching and seeing the materials. Finally, each participant ranked the handrails in order of preference. Wooden handrails were generally more preferred than the steel sample. Preference ratings and rankings of modi fi ed wood were comparable to those of unmodi fi ed wood. Results were relatively consistent across both countries. Materials rated as liked were perceived as somewhat less cold, less damp, more usual, less arti fi cial, more expensive, and less unpleasant. The ratings were fairly consistent between the tactile and tactile – visual tasks. In some indoor applications, certain types of modi fi ed wood could be used in place of unmodi fi ed wood while meeting human aesthetical preferences. Speci fi c visual and tactile properties can predict material preference and could be considered in the material design phase. The tactile experience is important in overall material perception and should not be overlooked. These fi ndings seem to be stable across countries with different wood use practices.","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48532576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Call for Applications: Wood and Fiber Science Editor Position","authors":"S. Levan-Green","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46608614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Pyr’yev, E. Kibirkštis, L. Gegeckienė, K. Vaitasius, I. Venytė
{"title":"EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR PREDICTION COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF PAPERBOARD CARTON","authors":"Y. Pyr’yev, E. Kibirkštis, L. Gegeckienė, K. Vaitasius, I. Venytė","doi":"10.22382/wfs-2022-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2022-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23620,"journal":{"name":"Wood and Fiber Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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