Pub Date : 2010-09-06DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V25I1.59072
O. Adeleke, O. Alabi, M. Coker
The kinetics of bactericidal activity of the methanolic extracts of powdered seeds of Garcinia kola (Heckel), Kola acuminata and Kola nitida obtained by soxhlet extraction, were studied using two bacterial sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the three extracts at the concentrations used against the two test organisms, Staphylococcus aureus OOUTH206 (0.5mg/ml for Garcinia kola, 4mg/ml for Kola acuminata and Kola nitida) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCH189 (8mg/ml for Garcinia kola, 15mg/ml for Kola acuminata and Kola nitida); had activity on the two microorganisms. There was a gradual reduction in the number of viable microbial counts as evident in the reduction in the cell number at the different time intervals. Similar procedure was carried out in the presence of 5% serum protein and it was observed that the activities of the various extracts were altered significantly indicating the effect of serum protein binding on the constituents of Garcinia kola, Kola acuminata and Kola nitida seed extracts. The results were expressed in percentage viable count of the inoculum size and showed that the percentage viable count decreases with time in varying degrees. The reduction was more intense with G. kola extract than the other extracts on S. aureus as well as on P. aeruginosa towards the third and fourth hours. The effect of serum protein was seen to affect the activities of all the extracts in varying degrees as shown in the graphs plotted. Key words: Garcinia kola , Kola acuminata , Kola nitida , methanolic extracts, respiratory tract infections, serum proteins.
{"title":"Serum protein binding and the antimicrobial activities of Garcinia kola, Kola acuminata and Kola nitida seed extracts on the agents of respiratory tract infections.","authors":"O. Adeleke, O. Alabi, M. Coker","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V25I1.59072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V25I1.59072","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of bactericidal activity of the methanolic extracts of powdered seeds of Garcinia kola (Heckel), Kola acuminata and Kola nitida obtained by soxhlet extraction, were studied using two bacterial sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the three extracts at the concentrations used against the two test organisms, Staphylococcus aureus OOUTH206 (0.5mg/ml for Garcinia kola, 4mg/ml for Kola acuminata and Kola nitida) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCH189 (8mg/ml for Garcinia kola, 15mg/ml for Kola acuminata and Kola nitida); had activity on the two microorganisms. There was a gradual reduction in the number of viable microbial counts as evident in the reduction in the cell number at the different time intervals. Similar procedure was carried out in the presence of 5% serum protein and it was observed that the activities of the various extracts were altered significantly indicating the effect of serum protein binding on the constituents of Garcinia kola, Kola acuminata and Kola nitida seed extracts. The results were expressed in percentage viable count of the inoculum size and showed that the percentage viable count decreases with time in varying degrees. The reduction was more intense with G. kola extract than the other extracts on S. aureus as well as on P. aeruginosa towards the third and fourth hours. The effect of serum protein was seen to affect the activities of all the extracts in varying degrees as shown in the graphs plotted. Key words: Garcinia kola , Kola acuminata , Kola nitida , methanolic extracts, respiratory tract infections, serum proteins.","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73798328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-06DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59050
S. Parimalakrishnan, D. Akalanka, R. Manavalan
Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) is widely grown throughout in India. The effects of different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) of methanolic extract of the whole plant was on drug metabolizing Phase-I and Phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation in the liver of 7-week-old nude/nude mice was studied. In addition, the anticarcinogenic potential of both the plants extract was studied, using the model of DMBA induced forestomach and TPA promoted skin papillomagenesis. Primary findings reveal its potential to induce the Phase-II enzyme activity associated mainly with carcinogen detoxification in liver of mice. The hepatic GST (P and DTD specific activities (P and in extrahepatic organs (from P inhibition of tumor burden, in both the tumor model system studied (P Key words: Bidens pilosa , chemopreventive, DT-diaphorase, glutathione, S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase.
{"title":"Cancer Chemopreventive Property of Bidens pilosa Methanolic Extract on Two Stage in vivo Skin Carcinogenesis Model","authors":"S. Parimalakrishnan, D. Akalanka, R. Manavalan","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59050","url":null,"abstract":"Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) is widely grown throughout in India. The effects of different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) of methanolic extract of the whole plant was on drug metabolizing Phase-I and Phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation in the liver of 7-week-old nude/nude mice was studied. In addition, the anticarcinogenic potential of both the plants extract was studied, using the model of DMBA induced forestomach and TPA promoted skin papillomagenesis. Primary findings reveal its potential to induce the Phase-II enzyme activity associated mainly with carcinogen detoxification in liver of mice. The hepatic GST (P and DTD specific activities (P and in extrahepatic organs (from P inhibition of tumor burden, in both the tumor model system studied (P Key words: Bidens pilosa , chemopreventive, DT-diaphorase, glutathione, S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase.","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74941524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-06DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59047
F. Ntchapda, T. Dimo, G. Mbongue, A. T. Atchadé, P. Kamtchouing, G. Enow
Celtis durandii (Ulmaceae), one of the plants used in traditional medicine to cure migraine, epilepsy, and high blood pressure was submitted to an acute toxicity study in mice. Different doses of plant extract were administered at once orally to 8groups of 10 each. The mortality rate was evaluated after 48 hours. The macroscopic, biochemical and histological modifications were determined seven days later. The optimal tolerated dose was 9 g/kg. The mean lethal dose (LD50) and the total lethal dose (LD100) were respectively 14.10 g/kg and 18 g/kg with a mortality rate of 42 %. The aqueous doses of Celtis duranndii extract of 3 15 g/kg provoked a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the serum protein levels from 6.79 % to 63.04 %. Creatinine, cholesterol and liver proteins increased. Histological analysis conducted for higher dose of plant extract (15-18 g/kg) revealed a vascular congestion, a necrosis of hepatocytes, and an overcharge of lipid (steatose). The extract caused increase in both ALT and AST serum levels with that of AST higher as reflected in number of organs capable of releasing it. The increase in transaminases might in part be due to its chemical (steroid) constituent, since steroids are known to interfere with the integrity of liver and kidney. The histology of kidneys indicated blood vessel congestion, a slight glomerulosclerosis and accumulation of intratubular fibres occupying the light of tubules. The lethal concentration (LD50) was 3 times higher than 5 g/kg, thus C. durandii relatively seems to be less toxic and possesses an important therapeutic activity. Keywords: Celtis durandii , Acute toxicity, Mice, Histopathology.
{"title":"Acute Toxic Effects of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celtis durandii Engler (Ulmaceae) on Mice.","authors":"F. Ntchapda, T. Dimo, G. Mbongue, A. T. Atchadé, P. Kamtchouing, G. Enow","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V24I1.59047","url":null,"abstract":"Celtis durandii (Ulmaceae), one of the plants used in traditional medicine to cure migraine, epilepsy, and high blood pressure was submitted to an acute toxicity study in mice. Different doses of plant extract were administered at once orally to 8groups of 10 each. The mortality rate was evaluated after 48 hours. The macroscopic, biochemical and histological modifications were determined seven days later. The optimal tolerated dose was 9 g/kg. The mean lethal dose (LD50) and the total lethal dose (LD100) were respectively 14.10 g/kg and 18 g/kg with a mortality rate of 42 %. The aqueous doses of Celtis duranndii extract of 3 15 g/kg provoked a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the serum protein levels from 6.79 % to 63.04 %. Creatinine, cholesterol and liver proteins increased. Histological analysis conducted for higher dose of plant extract (15-18 g/kg) revealed a vascular congestion, a necrosis of hepatocytes, and an overcharge of lipid (steatose). The extract caused increase in both ALT and AST serum levels with that of AST higher as reflected in number of organs capable of releasing it. The increase in transaminases might in part be due to its chemical (steroid) constituent, since steroids are known to interfere with the integrity of liver and kidney. The histology of kidneys indicated blood vessel congestion, a slight glomerulosclerosis and accumulation of intratubular fibres occupying the light of tubules. The lethal concentration (LD50) was 3 times higher than 5 g/kg, thus C. durandii relatively seems to be less toxic and possesses an important therapeutic activity. Keywords: Celtis durandii , Acute toxicity, Mice, Histopathology.","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53438
L. Egwari
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of crude exracts of Nauclea latifolia and Eugenia aromatica","authors":"L. Egwari","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78415948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53423
C. Diribe
{"title":"Influence of ionophores on new permeability pathways in malaria infected red blood cells","authors":"C. Diribe","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"368 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76526192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V16I1.53442
E. Omogbai, G. Smith
{"title":"The effects of tetramethylpyrazine on vascular smooth muscle contractility","authors":"E. Omogbai, G. Smith","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V16I1.53442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V16I1.53442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86234729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53420
N. Onyekwelu
{"title":"Toxicity of existing trypanocides: a review","authors":"N. Onyekwelu","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81385063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53436
P. Emeka, A. Akintonwa, O. Adeyemi, C. Nwaigwe, B. Adegunloye
{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of the crude extract of Manihot esculenta crantz (Cassava) in animal models","authors":"P. Emeka, A. Akintonwa, O. Adeyemi, C. Nwaigwe, B. Adegunloye","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90363313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53435
O. Ebuehi, A. Adenrele
{"title":"Effects of marijuana and caffeine consumption on the activities of brain acetylcholinesterase and serum alkaline phosphatase in rats","authors":"O. Ebuehi, A. Adenrele","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78340328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53433
R. Nwankwoala, A. O. Georgewill
{"title":"Treatment of chloroquine resestant Plasmodium falciparum malaria with halofantrine","authors":"R. Nwankwoala, A. O. Georgewill","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V15I1.53433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76489782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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